CHANGES IN THE SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX OF THE RAT BRAIN UNDER THE MODELING OF HEMORRHAGIC STROKE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To assess the structural and metabolic changes in the sensorimotor cortex of the rat brain under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out on rats of the control and experimental groups with a model of hemorrhagic stroke. We used histological, electron microscopic, biochemical methods and biological markers. RESULTS: Results: In the sensorimotor cortex of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of rats under conditions of hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral edema and progression of neurodegenerative changes were observed; an increase in the size of mitochondria, which is caused by edema of their matrix; activation of lipid peroxidation processes and a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system, a decrease in the level of apoptosis markers and inhibition of ERK1/2 expression. The study of DNA fragmentation in the cerebral cortex revealed a significant number of manifestations of necrosis and an insignificant number of cells in a state of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: after modelling a hemorrhagic stroke in the right hemisphere of the brain, perivascular and pericellular edema of the energy apparatus, cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, and activation of lipid peroxidation processes were established as well as a decrease in the activity of enzymes of the antioxidant system.

HYGIENIC REGULATIONS FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION OF COMBINED PESTICIDES IN THE CEREAL CROPS' CHEMICAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Hazard characterization and assessment of combined exposure to several pesticides when they simultaneously get to the human body with bakery products. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Methods of analytical analysis of the range of pesticide active substances, which are registered and used in modern systems of grain crop protection in Ukraine, were used in the study. Normative documents of national legislation on hygienic regulation of pesticides and methodological approaches to assessing the combined effects of pesticide mixtures in food products serve as materials for assessment. RESULTS: Results: It is established that the total risk of exposure to residual amounts of pesticides in bread products (wheat and rye bread) during its comparable getting into the body was 0.59 for children 2-6 years and 0.36 - for adults, with an allowable value of ≤ 1.0. The combined effect of pesticides per unit of children's body weight is higher, but also lies within acceptable limits. The largest contribution to the overall risk of combined exposure to triazoles is made by flutriafol (38.5-47.0%), which in the future may be the basis for substantiating measures to reduce such exposure and make appropriate management decisions. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Safety of consumption of agricultural products is ensured by strict following hygienic regulations for the pesticide application (application rates, frequency of treatments, pre-harvest intervals), which makes it impossible to accumulate their residual amounts in food. Triazole pesticides, widely used in almost all crop protection systems, pose a potential risk of adverse health e!ects due to additive or synergistic effects.

ON ISSUE OF HIGH-QUALITY STOMATOLOGICAL SERVICE IN UKRAINE.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To detect the main problems regarding available high-quality stomatological service in Ukraine and define their main solutions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The authors used general scientific methods of synthesis, generalization, scientific data interpreting, systemic approach method, medical statistic method, and analysis of the activity of state and private institutions dealing with stomatological service in Ukraine. The paper is based on the materials of a representative selective study of Ukrainian households, held by the State Committee of Statistics of Ukraine to study people's self-estimation of their health and the availability of certain medical services. RESULTS: Results: Most citizens of Ukraine (60-80%) are treated in the state/public healthcare sector. Though, during the last century, a decrease in dental visits per citizen in the state and public institutions has been noted, as well as a decrease of all medical service types' volume, offered in the mentioned institutions. In Ukraine the observed trends are represented as the decrease in the network institutions number, insufficient budgeting of state/public medical institutions, prevailing commercial characteristics of stomatological service and people's low income, which leads to decreased affordability, and quality of medical service, thus negatively affecting people's health. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The fundamental studies of the quality assessment show that the medical service requires strong structure, process quality, and result quality. The quality of medical service organization is extremely important and it should be maintained high on all levels of management and treatment processes, regarding the conditions of medical process and resources of medical organizations. Medical service should be patient-centered. To solve the problem, the entire state system of quality management is required in Ukraine.

THE NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT OF FUNGICIDES RESIDUAL QUANTITIES CONTROL METHODS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DOMESTIC REGULATORY BASE HARMONIZATION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To develop highly sensitive analytical methods for the determination of the systemic phenylamide class fungicide - Metalaxyl-M residues in watermelons and grapes to reduce the risk of hazardous effects on workers' and public health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Conditions for Metalaxyl-M detection by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using a chromatographic capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms (length - 30 m, inner diameter - 0.25 mm, layer thickness - 0.25 µm) were determined. The optimal conditions for chromatography of Metalaxyl-M were established: column thermostat temperature - 220°Ð¡, evaporator temperature - 260 °Ð¡, detector temperature - 280 °Ð¡. The retention time under these conditions was 3,384 ± 0.1 minutes. The linear detection range is 0.01 to 0.05 mg / kg. The calibration dependence of the tested substance peak area on its concentration was established and described by the linear regression equation. RESULTS: Results: We found that the most sensitive method for chromatography of Metalaxyl-M is the method of using a capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms on a gas chromatograph Shimadzu Nexis 2030. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The developed GC methods correspond to modern requirements, are selective and allow to control the Metalaxyl-M content in the matrices of the studied crops and can be used as a marker of the safety of agricultural products grown with fungicides containing Metalaxyl-M application. We found that the most sensitive method for Metalaxyl-M chromatography detection is the method with usage of a capillary column SH-Rxi-5ms on a gas chromatograph Shimadzu Nexis 2030.

HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDES ON THE FATTY COMPOSITION OF SUNFLOWER SEED LIPIDS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Evaluation of the influence of plant protection chemicals on the fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Study of the effects of pesticides, study of the effects of pesticides on the fatty acid composition (lipid) of sunflower seed by gas-liquid chromatography was studied. RESULTS: Results: It was found that the content of oleic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids did not differ significantly from the control. The content of linolenic and arachidonic acids was at the level of the control group. A similar pattern was observed in relation to the content of saturated fatty acids, in particular myristic, pentodecanoic, palmitic, margaric, stearic. The total content of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty) selected under different seed protection schemes did not differ significantly from control. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It is proved that the application of the investigated pesticides in various schemes of chemical protection of sunflower crops does not affect the nutritional and biological value of the seeds.

FEATURES OF COAGULOPATHY AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN PATIENTS AFTER COVID-19 INFECTION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the peculiarities of laboratory data concerning blood coagulation and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients in three months after discharge and recovery. The state of coagulation, anticoagulation, and fibrinolytic systems, as well as their prognostic value having been well studied in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, their state three months after hospitalization, are not yet well understood. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Methods of randomization, anthropometry, ECG, standard clinical blood testing, immunoenzymometry, immunoanalysis, and primary statistical analysis were used in the study. Anthropometric measurements of patients (n=20), blood samples, blood serum samples, urine samples, and statistical data were the materials of the study. RESULTS: Results: Indices of coagulation and systemic inflammation in studied patients after COVID-19 were obtained (PTT, s ; PATPT, s; Fibrinogen, g/L; Platelets ×109 /L; PCT, ng/mL; DD, µg/L; СRP, mg/L; IL -6, pg/mL; IL -10, pg/mL; Cortisol (nM/L); CIC (IU/mL); Ig A (g/L). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Summing up the results obtained, it is possible to assert micro- and macro-vascular thromboses to be common in COVID-19 cases; they are associated with poor prognosis for diseased patients and are not completely investigated; the role of thromboses in COVID-19 course and complications are to be studied as well as the strategies of fibrinolytic therapies for such condition are to be justified. The presence of specific rheological and serological changes in patients even three months after surviving COVID-19 needs further study to understand the necessity of anti-thrombolytic drug uptake for a relatively long time.

COMPARATIVE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDES BEHAVIOR IN SOIL IN INTENSIVE GRAIN FARMING TECHNOLOGIES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was the comparative hygienic evaluation of the pesticide behavior in the soil after application on cereals. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: Methods of full-scale in-field hygienic experiment, high-performance liquid (HPLC), gas-liquid (GLC), thin-layer chromatography, statistical, bibliography were used in the research. RESULTS: Results: Data on the detailed conditions and land parcels treated with studied pesticide formulation and its a.i. are highlighted in the article. The actual levels of the different classes a.i. content in soil and its dynamics were determined, based on which the dissipation rate constants (K) were calculated, as well as quantitative parameters of stability (τ50, τ95, τ99). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Azoxystrobin, benzovindiflupyr, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prochloraz, cyproconazole can be classified as of low hazardous substances, and trinexapac-ethyl, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, and tebuconazole are considered to be moderately hazardous. Among all pesticides studied, tebuconazole is the longest persists in the soil; epoxiconazole and propiconazole are most likely to disappear from the soil. Calculated values of half-lives of the studied substances in the agro-climatic conditions of Ukraine are slightly different from the results of in-field experiments that were conducted in other countries, namely: azoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, and cyproconazole disappear from the soil more quickly; the kresoxim-methyl and pinoxaden disappear more slowly. Meanwhile, the persistence of benzovindiflupyr, picoxystrobin, prochloraz, trinexapac-ethyl, and tebuconazole does not differ from the persistence in soils of European countries.

Experimental study on the carcinogenic effects of pesticides with ascertained carcinogenic activity under the conditions of its simultaneous influence on the organism of laboratory animals.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: It is known that pesticides have both short-term and long-term effects of the action on the human body. Today, taking into account the growth rate of the agricultural crops protection means' market and the expansion of the range of pesticide mixtures and combined formulations, there is a need for a more in-depth study of its possible effects on the environment and the human body. Recently, a new fungicide containing a mixture of two active substances, benthiavalicarb isopropyl and folpet, was introduced for application in Ukraine. Considering the possible influence of both substances on the enzyme systems involved in the xenobiotic metabolism, potentiation of its carcinogenic action in the formulation can be expected. No genotoxic effect was revealed studying in vivo studies the mutagenic activity of both substances isolated. Therefore, both substances are epigenetic carcinogens with a promoter threshold mechanism of action. In this regard, the promoter action of these substances was studied by us in the mid-term test on a multi-organ model. The aim: The purpose of our work was an experimental study of the carcinogenic action of benthiavalicarb-isopropyl and folpet - substances with ascertained carcinogenic activity, under the conditions of its simultaneous influence on the organism of laboratory animals (rats and mice). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Toxicological, toxicometric (weight of animals, absolute, relative mass of internal organs) histological, microscopic, histochemical, and statistical methods were used in the study. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: No combined action of folpet and benthiavalicarb-isopropyl on the proliferation of carcinogen-transformed hepatocytes and the formation of hyperplastic nodules expressing γ-glutamyltranspeptidases (γ-GTP) as markers of pre-tumor changes in hepatocarcinogenesis was revealed. This allows us to conclude that there is no modifying effect of the folpet on carcinogenicity.

Comparative hygienic assessment of active ingredients content in the air environment after treatment of cereal spiked crops by combined fungicides.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The quality of the air environment significantly affects the health of the population. Chemical plant protection products in the spring and summer time may be the main pollutants of the air environment in rural areas. Chemical plant protection products are dangerous substances of anthropogenic origin. If applying pesticides in high concentrations, the risk of poisoning by active ingredients of pesticide preparations in workers directly contacting with it increases. The aim: Comparative hygienic assessment of active ingredients content in the air environment after treatment of cereal spiked crops by combined fungicides was the aim of the work. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Active ingredients of the studied combined fungicides, samples of air, and swabs from workers' skin and stripes from overalls were materials of the research. Methods of full-scale in-field hygienic experiment, gas-liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as statistical and bibliographic methods were used in the research. RESULTS: Results and conclusions: Active ingredients of the studied combined fungicides were not detected in the working zone air and atmospheric air at the levels exceeding the limits of its detection by appropriate chromatography methods. Findings confirmed the air environment safety for agricultural workers and rural population if studied combined fungicides are applied following the hygienically approved suggested application rates and in accordance of good agricultural practice rules. However the possible complex risk for workers after certain studied fungicides application may be higher than acceptable due to the elevated values for dermal effects. The complex risk was higher than acceptable in еру case of aerial spraying of both studied fungicides, meanwhile only one combination of active ingredients revealed possible risk for workers applying fungicides by rod method of cereal spiked crops treatment.