RESUMO
We compared the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in 20 aerobically trained male athletes (VO2 max 61 ml/kg/min) with 20 control subjects of similar age and size (VO2 max 37 ml/kg/min). On average, the left ventricle was larger in athletes and the extent of myocardial contraction (fractional shortening) was reduced. In nine athletes, fractional shortening was less than our laboratory lower limit of normal (26%) and in four athletes the left ventricle was enlarged and fractional shortening was reduced. However, the peak rate of circumferential shortening was not reduced in athletes. We concluded that athletes have normal myocardial contractility but some have a reduced extent of myocardial contraction which could be mistaken for the effects of myocardial disease.
Assuntos
Débito Cardíaco , Coração/anatomia & histologia , Medicina Esportiva , Volume Sistólico , Adolescente , Adulto , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contração Miocárdica , Consumo de Oxigênio , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Studies of drug use among young persons have typically employed students or special high risk groups rather than general samples. This study reports drug use among a household sample of persons aged 14 to 18. The results indicate that cannabis was the most frequently used drug. Factors associated with drug problems were: being older, living in cities, not participating in religious activities and being a worker rather than a student. Very few of those with problems had been treated or felt the need for any treatment.
Assuntos
Problemas Sociais , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Ontário , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicaçõesRESUMO
This study reports test--retest reliability and validity information for an anonymous high school drug use questionnaire. All drug use items were highly reliable in testings on the same students eight weeks apart. Composite drug scores were also highly reliable. A nine-item lie scale gave virtually identical results on the two testings. The majority of students regardless of the frequency of their drug use stated that they would honestly report their cannabis and opium/heroin use. There was little evidence of defensiveness judging by the lie scores.
