Prevalence and Characterization of Psychological Trauma in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that psychological trauma, especially childhood trauma, is a risk factor for the onset of fibromyalgia (FM). Objective: The main objective of this study consisted of evaluating the prevalence and detailed characteristics of psychological trauma in a sample of patients with FM, the chronology of trauma across the lifespan, and its clinical symptoms. We also calculated whether childhood trauma could predict the relationship with different clinical variables. Method: Eighty-eight females underwent an interview to assess sociodemographic data, psychiatric comorbidities, level of pain, FM impact, clinical symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, quality of life, and psychological trauma. Results: The majority of participants (71.5%) met the diagnostic criteria for current post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants reported having suffered traumatic events throughout their lifespan, especially in childhood and early adolescence, in the form of emotional abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, and physical abuse. Traumatic events predict both poor quality of life and a level of pain in adulthood. All patients showed clinically relevant levels of anxiety, depression, insomnia, suicidal thoughts, and pain, as well as somatic comorbidities and poor quality of life. Pain levels predicted anxiety, depression, dissociation, and insomnia symptoms. 84% of the sample suffered one or more traumatic events prior to the onset of pain. Conclusions: Our data highlight the clinical complexity of patients with FM and the role of childhood trauma in the onset and maintenance of FM, as well as the high comorbidity between anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and FM. Our data also supports FM patients experiencing further retraumatization as they age, with an extremely high prevalence of current PTSD in our sample. These findings underscore the need for multidisciplinary programs for FM patients to address their physical pain and their psychiatric and somatic conditions, pay special attention to the assessment of psychological trauma, and provide trauma-focused interventions. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04476316. Registered on July 20th, 2020.

Labor conditions and the meanings of nursing work in Barcelona.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between the quantitative assessment of working conditions and the qualitative perception of one's own work experience. METHOD: a sample of 1,760 nursing professionals from Barcelona answered a questionnaire assessing their working conditions and summarized their own current work experience in five key words. RESULTS: the textual corpus of the meanings of nursing work included 8043 lexical forms, which were categorized and codified. Respondents who rated their work conditions the highest expressed a vision of their work in terms of autonomy, achievement and well-being, while those who rated their work conditions the lowest talked mostly of exhaustion, depersonalization and negative climate. A correspondence analysis showed a close relationship between the quantitative assessments of working conditions and the verbal codes of the meaning of work. CONCLUSIONS: the meanings given to work were not only consistent with the numerical evaluations of the working conditions but also made them more understandable. The information obtained poses challenges for reflection and indicates ways to promote the positive aspects and prevent the negative conditions of nursing work.

Labor conditions and the meanings of nursing work in Barcelona / Condições de trabalho e significados do trabalho em enfermagem em Barcelona / Condiciones laborales y significados del trabajo en enfermería en Barcelona

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship between the quantitative assessment of working conditions and the qualitative perception of one's own work experience. Method: a sample of 1,760 nursing professionals from Barcelona answered a questionnaire assessing their working conditions and summarized their own current work experience in five key words. Results: the textual corpus of the meanings of nursing work included 8043 lexical forms, which were categorized and codified. Respondents who rated their work conditions the highest expressed a vision of their work in terms of autonomy, achievement and well-being, while those who rated their work conditions the lowest talked mostly of exhaustion, depersonalization and negative climate. A correspondence analysis showed a close relationship between the quantitative assessments of working conditions and the verbal codes of the meaning of work. Conclusions: the meanings given to work were not only consistent with the numerical evaluations of the working conditions but also made them more understandable. The information obtained poses challenges for reflection and indicates ways to promote the positive aspects and prevent the negative conditions of nursing work.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a avaliação quantitativa das condições de trabalho e a percepção qualitativa da própria experiência de trabalho. Método: uma amostra de 1760 profissionais de enfermagem de Barcelona respondeu a um questionário para avaliação de suas condições de trabalho e resumiu em cinco palavras-chave sua própria experiência de trabalho atual. Resultados: o corpus textual dos significados do trabalho incluiu 8043 formas lexicais, que foram categorizadas e codificadas. As pessoas pesquisadas que classificaram mais alto as suas condições de trabalho expressaram uma visão do trabalho em termos de autonomia, realização e bem-estar, ao passo que as que o classificavam mais baixo falavam principalmente de exaustão, despersonalização e clima negativo. Uma análise de correspondências evidenciou uma estreita relação entre as avaliações quantitativas das condições de trabalho e os códigos verbais de significado do trabalho. Conclusões: os significados dados ao trabalho foram não só coerentes com as avaliações numéricas das condições de trabalho, mas também as tornaram mais compreensíveis. A informação obtida coloca desafios para reflexão e aponta caminhos para enfrentar a promoção dos aspectos positivos e a prevenção dos negativos das condições do trabalho de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la valoración cuantitativa de las condiciones de trabajo y la percepción cualitativa de la propia experiencia laboral. Método: una muestra de 1.760 profesionales de enfermería de Barcelona respondió a un cuestionario de valoración de sus condiciones de trabajo y resumió en cinco palabras clave su propia experiencia laboral actual. Resultados: el corpus textual de significados del trabajo incluyó 8.043 formas léxicas, que fueron categorizadas y codificadas. Las personas encuestadas que valoraron más alto sus condiciones de trabajo expresaron una visión de su trabajo en términos de autonomía, realización y bienestar; mientras que quienes las valoraron más bajo hablaron sobre todo de agotamiento, despersonalización y clima negativo. Un análisis de correspondencias evidenció una estrecha relación entre las valoraciones cuantitativas de las condiciones laborales y los códigos verbales de significado del trabajo. Conclusiones: los significados dados al trabajo fueron no solo coherentes con las valoraciones numéricas de las condiciones laborales, sino que además las hicieron más comprensibles. La información obtenida plantea desafíos para la reflexión y señala caminos orientados a la promoción de los aspectos positivos y a la prevención de los negativos de las condiciones del trabajo de enfermería.

Work, malaise, and well-being in Spanish and Latin-American doctors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relations between the meanings of working and the levels of doctors work well-being in the context of their working conditions. METHOD: The research combined the qualitative methodology of textual analysis and the quantitative one of correspondence factor analysis. A convenience, intentional, and stratified sample composed of 305 Spanish and Latin American doctors completed an extensive questionnaire on the topics of the research. RESULTS: The general meaning of working for the group located in the quartile of malaise included perceptions of discomfort, frustration, and exhaustion. However, those showing higher levels of well-being, located on the opposite quartile, associated their working experience with good conditions and the development of their professional and personal competences. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides empirical evidence of the relationship between contextual factors and the meanings of working for participants with higher levels of malaise, and of the importance granted both to intrinsic and extrinsic factors by those who scored highest on well-being.

Work, malaise, and well-being in Spanish and Latin-American doctors

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the relations between the meanings of working and the levels of doctors work well-being in the context of their working conditions. METHOD The research combined the qualitative methodology of textual analysis and the quantitative one of correspondence factor analysis. A convenience, intentional, and stratified sample composed of 305 Spanish and Latin American doctors completed an extensive questionnaire on the topics of the research. RESULTS The general meaning of working for the group located in the quartile of malaise included perceptions of discomfort, frustration, and exhaustion. However, those showing higher levels of well-being, located on the opposite quartile, associated their working experience with good conditions and the development of their professional and personal competences. CONCLUSIONS The study provides empirical evidence of the relationship between contextual factors and the meanings of working for participants with higher levels of malaise, and of the importance granted both to intrinsic and extrinsic factors by those who scored highest on well-being.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar las relaciones entre los significados del trabajo y los niveles de bienestar laboral de los profesionales de la medicina en el contexto de sus condiciones de trabajo. MÉTODOS La investigación combinó la metodología cualitativa del análisis textual, y la cuantitativa del análisis factorial de correspondencias. Una muestra de conveniencia, intencional y estratificada, compuesta por 305 profesionales de la medicina de España y de América Latina, respondió un amplio cuestionario sobre los temas de la investigación. RESULTADOS El significado general del trabajo del grupo situado en el cuartil de malestar se configuró en torno a percepciones de incomodidad, frustración y agotamiento. En cambio, quienes expresaron mayores niveles de bienestar, ubicados en el cuartil opuesto, asociaron su experiencia laboral a buenas condiciones de trabajo y al desarrollo de las propias competencias profesionales y personales. CONCLUSIONES El estudio aporta evidencia empírica acerca de la relación entre factores contextuales y significados de trabajo, en los participantes con mayores niveles de malestar; también, sobre la importancia dada a factores tanto intrínsecos como extrínsecos por quienes obtuvieron mayores puntuaciones en bienestar.

La juventud NINI, un agujero negro psicosocial / The NEET youth, a psychosocial black hole

El objetivo general de este texto consiste en describir y discutir, a partir de una revisión de literatura, el panorama actual del fenómeno "NiNi", el de las personas jóvenes que ni trabajan, ni estudian, ni tampoco realizan actividad alguna relacionada con la formación ocupacional, atendiendo especialmente a su desarrollo europeo, y particularmente español, articulando cinco criterios de exposición principales: (a) el contexto histórico y cultural de su emergencia y expansión, (b) su vinculación con metamorfosis y megatendencias socioeconómicas como la crisis de la sociedad salarial del pleno empleo estable, la desregulación de las relaciones laborales y la precarización de las condiciones de trabajo en el marco de la nueva gestión flexible del mismo, que determinan la transición hacia el posfordismo, (c) la información empírica acumulada sobre su tipología y prevalencia, (d) los discursos sociopolíticos y las lecturas teóricas relativos a sus causas y consecuencias y las consiguientes propuestas de afrontamiento (e) la reflexión y discusión sobre sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas en cuanto a la necesidad de repensar constructos como juventud, ciudadanía, transición de la escuela al trabajo u orientación para el empleo...

The overall objective of this paper is to describe and discuss, based on a literature review, the current situation of the "NEET" phenomenon, concerning young people Not in Employment, Education or Training, with special attention to its European development, particularly in Spain, articulating five major criteria of exposure: (a) the historical and cultural context of its emergence and expansion, (b) its relationship with socioeconomic megatrends and metamorphosis, such as the crisis of the full stable employment wage society, the deregulation of labor relations, and the rise of precarious working conditions under its new flexible management, which determine the transition to post-Fordism, (c) empirical information accumulated on its typology and prevalence, (d) the socio-political discourses and theoretical readings concerning its causes and consequences, and subsequent proposals for coping, and (e) reflection and discussion of its theoretical and practical implications in terms of the need to rethink constructs such as youth, citizenship, transition from school to work, or employment guidance...

La juventud NINI, un agujero negro psicosocial / The NEET youth, a psychosocial black hole

El objetivo general de este texto consiste en describir y discutir, a partir de una revisión de literatura, el panorama actual del fenómeno "NiNi", el de las personas jóvenes que ni trabajan, ni estudian, ni tampoco realizan actividad alguna relacionada con la formación ocupacional, atendiendo especialmente a su desarrollo europeo, y particularmente español, articulando cinco criterios de exposición principales: (a) el contexto histórico y cultural de su emergencia y expansión, (b) su vinculación con metamorfosis y megatendencias socioeconómicas como la crisis de la sociedad salarial del pleno empleo estable, la desregulación de las relaciones laborales y la precarización de las condiciones de trabajo en el marco de la nueva gestión flexible del mismo, que determinan la transición hacia el posfordismo, (c) la información empírica acumulada sobre su tipología y prevalencia, (d) los discursos sociopolíticos y las lecturas teóricas relativos a sus causas y consecuencias y las consiguientes propuestas de afrontamiento (e) la reflexión y discusión sobre sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas en cuanto a la necesidad de repensar constructos como juventud, ciudadanía, transición de la escuela al trabajo u orientación para el empleo.(AU)

The overall objective of this paper is to describe and discuss, based on a literature review, the current situation of the "NEET" phenomenon, concerning young people Not in Employment, Education or Training, with special attention to its European development, particularly in Spain, articulating five major criteria of exposure: (a) the historical and cultural context of its emergence and expansion, (b) its relationship with socioeconomic megatrends and metamorphosis, such as the crisis of the full stable employment wage society, the deregulation of labor relations, and the rise of precarious working conditions under its new flexible management, which determine the transition to post-Fordism, (c) empirical information accumulated on its typology and prevalence, (d) the socio-political discourses and theoretical readings concerning its causes and consequences, and subsequent proposals for coping, and (e) reflection and discussion of its theoretical and practical implications in terms of the need to rethink constructs such as youth, citizenship, transition from school to work, or employment guidance.(AU)

Calidad de vida laboral en hospitales y universidades mercantilizados / Quality of Working life in commoditized hospitals and universities

La Nueva Gestión Pública convierte servicios hospitalarios y universitarios en empresas de mercado. El objetivo del artículo es analizar y describir el impacto de esta metamorfosis en la subjetividad laboral del personal empleado en tales servicios. Estudios empíricos en hospitales y universidades iberoamericanos descubren una experiencia paradójica: relativa satisfacción manifiesta por condiciones materiales y técnicas que permiten trabajar más y mejor; pero también malestar latente por la sobrecarga de tarea y los dilemas ético-profesionales planteados por las nuevas demandas organizacionales, ante las que el personal desarrolla modos de afrontamiento que van de la obediencia manifiesta a la resistencia latente. Ello refuerza las razones para el rediseño de aquellos servicios en función de un mayor equilibrio entre demandas mercantiles y sociales, entre valores gerenciales y profesionales, entre eficiencia empresarial y calidad de vida laboral

New Public Management (NPM) makes public hospital and university services in market enterprises. The aim of the paper is to analyze and describe the impact of this metamorphosis in labor subjectivity of staff employed in such services. Empirical studies in Spanish and Latin American hospitals and universities discover a paradoxical experience: relative manifest satisfaction by material and technical conditions allowing work harder and better, but also latent discomfort to the task overload, and professional and ethical dilemmas posed by new organizational demands, facing with these staff develop ways of coping ranging from manifest obedience to latent resistance. This reinforces the reasons for the redesign of those services based on a better balance between commercial and social demands, managerial and professional values, and between business efficiency and quality of working life

Escenoterapia para la prevención de la violencia ocupacional / Drama therapy for thr prevention of workplace violence

Objetivo: Lograr, mediante una intervención formadora y preventiva, un cambio significativo en la experiencia emocional de un grupo de profesionales de la salud expuestos a situaciones de riesgo de violencia ocupacional. Método: 143 profesionales de la salud catalanes participaron en un curso de prevención de riesgos laborales cuyo contenido se basó en la articulación de técnicas de escenificación teatral y de estrategias psicoterapéuticas y se centró en la interpretación de episodios de violencia en el lugar de trabajo. Su participación en el programa fue voluntaria y fueron seleccionados atendiendo a los criterios de tipo de asistencia prestada y de diversidad profesional. Antes y después del programa les fue aplicado un cuestionario. Resultados: El 92%de los participantes declaró haber presenciado y el 85%haber vivido personalmente algún episodio violento en los últimos cinco años. La comparación de las puntuaciones medias de antes y después indica que la intervención incrementa la valoración positiva de la eficacia de la propia actuación y de las propias competencias de comunicación (p< 0,001)e induce vivencias emocionales en la línea de una mayor tranquilidad (p< 0,005) y una menor ansiedad (p<0,005) con respecto al incidente violento. Conclusiones: La escenificación vivencial de las situaciones estresantes es un instrumento útil para el aprendizaje de la gestión de las emociones, que incrementa el grado percibido de la propia capacidad de manejo de la comunicación y del trabajo en equipo y del propio estrés profesional(AU)

Objective: To achieve, through a training and preventive intervention, a significant change in the emotional experience of a group of health care professionals at risk of exposure to workplace violence. Method: 143 Catalonian health professionals participated in a training course on occupational risk prevention that incorporated theatrical staging techniques and psychotherapeutic strategies, focused on the interpretation of emotional experiences associated with violence in the workplace. They participated voluntarily in the program and were selected according to type of healthcare delivered and professional diversity. A pre- and post-course questionnaire was administered. Results: Ninety-two percent of respondents claimed to have witnessed, and 85% had personally experienced, a violent episode in the previous five years. The comparison of mean scores before and after the training intervention revealed an increase in the positive assessment of the effectiveness of one’s own performance and communication skills (p<0.001), and induced emotional experiences in line with a greater peace of mind (p<0.005) and less anxiety (p<0.005) with respect to the violent incident. Conclusions: Staging experiential stressful situations can be a useful learning tool for managing emotions, which increases the perceived degree of one’s ability to manage communication, teamwork and professional stress itself(AU)

Malestar psicofisiológico en profesionales de la salud pública de la Región Metropolitana / Psychophysiological distress among health care professionals working in Chilean public hospitals

Background: The public health reform in Chile resulted in changes in working conditions and organization of health centers. Aim: To examine the presence of psychophysiological symptoms in professionals of public hospitals in the Metropolitan Region and their association with current working conditions. Material and Methods: A questionnaire of quality of working life was applied to a sample of 80 physicians and 110 nurses. The questionnaire considers scales and open questions. Results: Nurses had a higher level of discomfort than physicians (p < 0.01) and had significantly higher scores for emotional distress, physical fatigue, digestive disorders, headache, insomnia, back pain and muscle tension (p < 0.01). There were statistically significant negative correlations between psychophysiological distress and working conditions (r = -0.418), social climate (r = -0.395), satisfaction with the organization (r = -0.337) and psychosocial well-being (r = -0.267). A regression model showed that 21 percent of the variance in psychophysiological distress was explained by working conditions, psychosocial well-being and adaptation to the organization. Conclusions: There is a relationship between the high prevalence of psychophysiological symptoms and bad working conditions of public health professionals.

Un instrumento para la evaluación de las condiciones psicosociales de trabajo / A tool to assess psychosocial conditions at work

Breve presentación de un estudio realizado en base a un cuestionario para evaluar la dimensión psicosocial de las condiciones de trabajo en organizaciones de servicio a personas.

[Psychophysiological distress among health care professionals working in Chilean public hospitals]. / Malestar psicofisiológico en profesionales de la salud pública de la Región Metropolitana.

BACKGROUND: The public health reform in Chile resulted in changes in working conditions and organization of health centers. AIM: To examine the presence of psychophysiological symptoms in professionals of public hospitals in the Metropolitan Region and their association with current working conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire of quality of working life was applied to a sample of 80 physicians and 110 nurses. The questionnaire considers scales and open questions. RESULTS: Nurses had a higher level of discomfort than physicians (p < 0.01) and had significantly higher scores for emotional distress, physical fatigue, digestive disorders, headache, insomnia, back pain and muscle tension (p < 0.01). There were statistically significant negative correlations between psychophysiological distress and working conditions (r = -0.418), social climate (r = -0.395), satisfaction with the organization (r = -0.337) and psychosocial well-being (r = -0.267). A regression model showed that 21% of the variance in psychophysiological distress was explained by working conditions, psychosocial well-being and adaptation to the organization. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between the high prevalence of psychophysiological symptoms and bad working conditions of public health professionals.

Percepción Social de la Violencia en la Pareja desde los Estereotipos de Género / Social Perception through Gender Stereotypes of Partner Violence

Resumen. El objetivo general de la investigación consiste en evaluar el grado de anclaje social de determinados estereotipos sobre género (hombre proveedor; mujer cuidadora) y sobre violencia de género(hombre violento, mujer pacífica) y se enmarca en el contexto de un debate sobre el alcance y los límites del enfoque de género a la hora de comprender y prevenir la violencia en las diversas modalidades de pareja. Participaron en la investigación 741 personas, dos tercios de las cuales mujeres, residentes en España, México, Puerto Rico y El Salvador. En cada país, se accedió a una muestra de conveniencia estratificada de acuerdo con criterios de género, generación, nivel de formación, situación ocupacional y orientación sexual. En sesiones individualizadas cuya duración osciló entre 35 y 60 minutos, las personas participantes respondieron primero un IAT ( Implicit Association Test) y luego un cuestionario con series de ítems cerrados y de preguntas abiertas. Una de sus secciones incluye 48 ítems referidos a “actividades” que la persona debe categorizar numéricamente en una escala de 1 a 7, con formato de diferencial semántico, en cuyos polos figuran “de hombre” y “de mujer”. En esta serie se entremezclan dos escalas de 24 ítems cada una de ellas: la de dureza y la de ternura. De la información obtenida se desprende que las muestras de todos los países organizan su percepción de la violencia en la pareja de acuerdo con los estereotipos de género. Hombres y mujeres coinciden en percibir como masculinos los atributos de la escala de dureza y(..) (AU)

Abstract. The overall goal of this research was to assess the degree of social attachment of certain stereotypes about gender (male provider; female caregiver) and violence (violent, peaceful woman) and is framed in the context of a debate about the extent and limits of a gender approach when it comes to understanding and preventing violence in different types of partner. 741 people were involved in the research, two thirds of them women, living in Spain, Mexico, Puerto Rico and El Salvador. In each country, they agreed to a stratified convenience sample according to criteria of gender, age, education level, occupational status and sexual orientation. In one session lasting between 35 and 60 minutes, the participants first answered an IAT (Implicit Association Test) and then a series of items in a questionnaire with closed and open ended questions. One section includes 48 items referring to “activities” that the person must categorize numerically on a scale of 1-7, with a semantic differential format, and whose poles are “male” and“ woman.” In this series two scales of 24 items each are mixed: hardness and tenderness. From the information obtained it is seen that samples from all countries organize their perception of partner violence according to gender stereotypes. Men and women both perceived attributes of the hardness scale to be masculine, and those of tenderness to be feminine, with these perceived differences in terms of gender role behaviors being even more enhanced and further polarized by the women. The socio-cultural anchor of the gender violence stereotype has theoretical and social implications in that it visualizes abuse from a man to a woman in the heterosexual couple and blurs that which occurs in other forms of partner. This raises topics which should be urgently addressed in the research agenda (AU)

Estructura factorial del cuestionario de condiciones de trabajo / Factor structure of working conditions questionnaire

El Cuestionario de Condiciones de Trabajo fue diseñado y aplicado como una herramienta de evaluación de componentes psicosociales del entorno laboral en organizaciones de servicio a personas. Lo contestaron 1252 profesionales de la sanidad (medicina y enfermería) y de la educación superior empleados respectivamente en hospitales y en universidades de diversos países iberoamericanos. Este cuestionario incluye series de ítems cerrados organizados de acuerdo con un modelo teórico según el cual las condiciones de trabajo se configuran en torno a una triple relación de la organización con el método, con el entorno y con la persona. Un análisis de componentes principales mostró la existencia de seis factores en el cuestionario, agrupados por pares en tres grupos de escalas, mostrando todas ellas una notable consistencia interna, con altos valores a de Cronbach. El estudio psicométrico indica que el cuestionario reproduce fielmente la estructura del modelo teórico propuesto(AU)

The Working Conditions Survey was designed and applied as a tool for assessing psychosocial components of work environment in serving people organizations. 1252 professionals of health care (medical and nursing) and of higher education respectively employed in hospitals and in universities from several Latin American countries, answered this questionnaire. This tool includes series of closed items organized according to a theoretical model that configures working conditions around a three-way relationship of the organization with the method, with the environment and with the person. A principal component analysis showed the existence of six factors in the questionnaire, grouped in three pairs of scales, all showing a remarkable internal consistency with high Cronbach’s a values. The psychometric study indicates that the questionnaire faithfully reproduces the structure of the proposed theoretical model(AU)

Cuestionario de bienestar laboral general: estructura y propiedades psicométricas / Questionnaire of general laborwell-being: structure and psychometric properties

A un colectivo de 1252 profesionales de la sanidad (medicina y enfermería) y de la educación públicas que trabajan respectivamente en hospitales y en universidades de Brasil, Chile, Colombia y España, se le ha aplicado el Cuestionario de Bienestar Laboral General (qBLG) que incluye series de ítems cerrados organizados de acuerdo con un modelo teórico según el cual el bienestar laboral general (qBLG) incluye una dimensión de bienestar psicosocial (integrada por afectos, competencias y expectativas) y otra de efectos colaterales (somatización, desgaste y alienación). Un análisis de componentes principales mostró la existencia de dos factores independientes en el qBLG, incluyendo el primero de ellos tres escalas de bienestar psicosocial y el segundo otras tres de efectos colaterales. Todas las escalas mostraron una alta consistencia interna, con valores a de Cronbach comprendidos entre .82 (alienación) y .96 (expectativas). Los resultados indican que el cuestionario BLG reproduce fielmente la estructura del modelo teórico propuesto(AU)

The general work well-being questionnaire (qBLG) was developed with the aim of providing a measurement tool particularly sensitive to the psychosocial dimension of work well-being of care workers, and to the bipolar nature of the well-being experience. 1252 professionals of health care (medical and nursing) and of higher education employed in hospitals and universities from Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Spain, respectively, answered a series of closed items from a questionnaire organized according with a theoretical model of general work well-being. Factor analysis found two independent factors in the qBLG, the first one including three scales of psychosocial well-being and the second three scales of collateral effects. All scales showed high internal consistency. The qBLG faithfully reproduces the structure of the proposed theoretical model, and combines the required psychometric properties for the evaluation of work well-being of health care and of higher education professionals(AU)

Work, family, and gender: elements for a theory of work-family balance.

Over last century, work was not only a means of economic survival, but also a very strong factor of psychological structuring and of organization of personal, family, and everyday life. The new world of work provides new challenges to the balance of work and family life. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 453 people with the aim of analyzing the relation between variables such as family burdens and domestic responsibilities, and the appraisal of work and family, values involved in work-family balance. The results of this study show that, in the present economic and cultural context, assuming family burdens and domestic responsibilities increases the positive appraisal of work and family, both in men and women. This has theoretical and practical implications concerning the challenge of work-family balance.

Work, Family, and Gender: elements for a Theory of Work-Family Balance

Over last century, work was not only a means of economic survival, but also a very strong factor of psychological structuring and of organization of personal, family, and everyday life. The new world of work provides new challenges to the balance of work and family life. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 453 people with the aim of analyzing the relation between variables such as family burdens and domestic responsibilities, and the appraisal of work and family, values involved in work-family balance. The results of this study show that, in the present economic and cultural context, assuming family burdens and domestic responsibilities increases the positive appraisal of work and family, both in men and women. This has theoretical and practical implications concerning the challenge of work-family balance (AU)

A lo largo del último siglo, el trabajar ha funcionado no sólo como un medio de obtención de sustento material, sino también como un importante factor de estructuración psicológica y de organización de la vida personal, familiar y cotidiana. El nuevo entorno del trabajo plantea nuevos desafíos para la conciliación de la vida laboral y la familiar. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 453 personas con el objetivo de analizar la relación de variables como las cargas familiares y las responsabilidades domésticas con la valoración del trabajo y de la familia, valores a su vez implicados en la conciliación de la vida laboral con la vida familiar. Los resultados del estudio muestran que, en el presente contexto económico y cultural, la asunción de cargas familiares y de responsabilidades domésticas aumenta al tiempo la valoración de la familia y del trabajo, tanto en hombres como en mujeres; lo cual tiene implicaciones teóricas y prácticas en lo que concierne al desafío de la conciliación trabajo-familia (AU)

El malestar en el empleo temporal involuntario / Malaise in involuntary temporary employment

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel de la voluntariedad de la situación ocupacional en el malestar psicológico en el empleo temporal. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 463 personas incluidas en alguno de los siguientes cuatro tipos ideales de situación ocupacional: empleo estable,empleo temporal voluntario, empleo temporal involuntario y desempleo. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre todos los tipos laborales en la escala de bienestar laboral. De mayor a menor puntuación media en esta escala, el orden de los tipos es: empleo estable, empleo temporal voluntario, desempleo y empleo temporal involuntario. Las respuestas textuales a las preguntas abiertas ponen de manifiesto un alto malestar en el estatus de empleo temporal involuntario, atribuido a la situación ocupacional presente y a la incertidumbre e inseguridad que genera el propio futuro laboral percibido (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the occupational situation voluntary on the psychological malaise in temporary employment. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 463 individuals included in one of the following four ideal types of occupational situation: stable employment, voluntary temporary employment, involuntary temporary employment, and unemployment. Results showed significant different among all occupational types in a scale of labor wellbeing. From higher to lower score in this scale, the ranking of the types is: stable employment, voluntary temporary employment, unemployment, and involuntary temporary employment. The responses to the open questions showed a high malaise in individuals in the condition of involuntary temporary employment, which is attributed to the current occupational situation and to the uncertainty and insecurity generated by the perceived labor future (AU)

Violencia ocupacional: El caso de los profesionales sanitarios / No disponible

La violencia ocupacional es un fenómeno emergente y global en el ámbito de los riesgos laborales que afecta a todas las profesiones -y muy especialmente al sector sanitario- y cuya prevención exige una información empírica válida, fiable, situada y permanentemente actualizada. Hasta el presente, esta información se obtiene básicamente de encuestas de autoinforme, con bajos porcentajes de respuesta y notables problemas metodológicos de validez, por los diversos sesgos que conlleva. Este artículo expone el diseño y los resultados de la implementación en diversos centros sanitarios de Catalunya de la Web www.violenciaocupacional.net, un sistema informatizado de Notificación on-line de Incidentes Violentos (NIV), describe la tipología y la prevalencia de esta violencia en el colectivo investigado, identifica los principales factores de riesgo de la misma y compara los datos obtenidos con los de otras investigaciones de referencia. El Cuestionario de Violencia Ocupacional incluido en esta Web permite un registro integrado de características y circunstancias de incidentes violentos contra profesionales de la salud en tiempo real y de modo confidencial. Una sola persona notifica on-line los incidentes de cada centro. Pertenece a los departamentos de Recursos Humanos o de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales y ha sido especialmente designada para ello por su propia institución, que participa voluntariamente en el proyecto. Los resultados muestran que entre el 01-01-2005 y el 31-12-07, desde los 38 centros participantes, en los que trabajan unas 18.500 personas, han sido notificados 846 incidentes violentos. En el 36 % de los casos se da cuenta de agresión física y en el 80 % de la de tipo verbal (que a menudo acompaña a la anterior). Los incidentes afectan a personal de enfermería (48%), médico (32%), técnico y administrativo (13%) y de otros sectores (7%). Como base de datos epidemiológicos permanentemente actualizada en tiempo real y desde el escenario natural de los incidentes, el sistema NIV constituye una herramienta novedosa de recogida de información sobre la violencia ocupacional en el sector sanitario. Los resultados de su aplicación confirman la importancia del problema en la sanidad catalana, ratifican tendencias observadas por otros estudios locales e internacionales y señalan algunas variables clave para el desarrollo de políticas preventivas en este campo

Workplace violence is a global emergent issue on the labour risks affecting all professions –and very specially the health sector-. Its prevention requires valid, reliable, situated and permanently actualized information. Till now, this information is obtained mainly from self-report inquiries, with low response rates and a lot of validity methodological problems because its biases. This article show the design and the results of the implementation on some sanitarian centres of Catalonia of the www.violenciaocupacional.net website, a computerized system of on-line Notification of Violent Incidents (NIV), describes the typology and prevalence of this violence in the investigated collective, identifies its main risk factors, and compares the collected results with data obtained from other relevant research. The Occupational Violence Questionnaire included in this Website permits an integrated register of de characteristics y circumstances of violent incident against health care workers on real time and with confidentiality. One person notifies on-line the incidents of every centre. This person belongs to Human Resources or Labour Risk Prevention departments and was specially designed to this function by its own institutions, who voluntarily participate in the project. From period including from 01-01-2005 to 31-12-07, from 38 participant centers, on who work near to 18.500 people, 846 violent incidents were notified. Physical aggression is accounted on 36% of the cases and verbal aggression (who sometimes joints it) on 80% of them. Incidents affect to nursing (48%), medical (32%), technical and administration (13%), and other (7%) personnel. As a permanently actualized epidemiological data base on real time and from the same natural setting of the incidents, the NIV system is a new tool of collecting information about the workplace violence in the health sector. The results of its application confirm the importance of the problem in the Catalan health sector and the tendencies in the matter observed from other local and international studies, and identify some key variables for developing preventive politics on this field

Situações de assédio moral a trabalhadores anistiados políticos de uma empresa pública / Moral harassment of amnestied professionals at a public organization

Este estudo investiga a influência do contexto de trabalho nas situações de assédio moral, em categoria profissional vinculada a uma empresa pública. Foi realizado em parceria com a Associação Nacional de Anistiados Políticos da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos – ANAPECT, que se articulou com trabalhadores anistiados que participaram da pesquisa. O referencial teórico é a psicodinâmica do trabalho e o enfoque psicossocial. Foi realizada uma entrevista coletiva com quatro trabalhadores voluntários, cujos relatos foram gravados e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam características da organização do trabalho, relativas às relações de dominação, no contexto organizacional, que permitem identificar situações de assédio moral. Futuros estudos são sugeridos para aprofundar o debate sobre essas questões.

This study investigates the influence of the work context on moral harassment situations of professionals in public organizations. It was accomplished in partnership with the Associação Nacional de Anistiados Políticos da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos – ANAPECT (National Association of Political Amnestied of the Brazilian Post Office), which provided the articulation with amnestied workers taking part in the research. Work psychodynamics and the psychosocial focus were used as a theoretical basis. A collective interview was carried out with four volunteer workers linked to ANAPECT, whose verbal reports were recorded and submitted to content analysis. Results point out characteristics of the work organization related to the relation of dominance in the organizational context, allowing the identification of moral harassment situations. Further studies are suggested to confirm the conclusions.