Efectos del cambio a café filtrado sobre los niveles séricos de colesterol / A reversal study on the effects of change to filtered coffee on serum cholesterol levels

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Unfiltered coffee consumption has been associated to the increase in serum cholesterol levels. The aim of this population study was to verify if the change in the type of coffee consumed from unfiltered to filtered produces effects on the serum cholesterol levels of the participants. The sample was formed of 30 volunteers (9 men) with no health problems (age range= 18-47; average= 28.2; SD= 8.8). The study was structured according to an A-B-A reversible design with simultaneous replications between subjects. During the Baseline and Reversion phases (A), participants consumed unfiltered coffee in their usual way, while in the Intervention Phase (B) they consumed only filtered coffee. Participants were divided into two subgroups according to their serum level of cholesterol LDL at Baseline Phase (resulting in a subgroup formed by 16 participants with LDL <115 mg/dL, and a subgroup formed by 14 participants with LDL ≥115 mg/dL). Results indicated that 90% of participants showed decrease in their serum cholesterol LDL level at the end of the Intervention Phase contingent to coffee change with an increase in their serum cholesterol LDL level at the end of the Reversion Phase when they returned to consuming unfiltered coffee. Also a change in serum cholesterol HDL level was shown by 93% of participants, with an increase in serum cholesterol HDL level contingent on the change to filtered coffee and a decrease when they return to consume unfiltered coffee. The implications of these findings and the limitations of the study are discussed

Hábitos y creencias de salud en médicos y estudiantes de Medicina / Health habits, and health beliefs among physicians and medical students

Los datos sobre hábitos y creencias de salud de la población médica española son escasos.Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar, en una muestra de médicos y estudiantesde Medicina, los hábitos de salud (consumo de tabaco y alcohol) y los conocimientos ycreencias sobre los mismos. La muestra se compuso por 147 participantes de distintoshospitales de España. Se utilizó un cuestionario diseñado para recabar información sobrelas variables estudiadas. Los resultados indicaron que el 47,6% eran fumadores y el71,7% consumidores de alcohol, encontrándose una relación positiva entre edad y frecuenciade consumo en ambos casos. Los participantes mostgraron un adecuado nivel deconocimientos y creencias respecto a los riesgos para la salud del consumo de tabaco yalcohol, que contrasta claramente con sus hábitos de consumo. Los hábitos de salud enla muestra no difieren de los encontrados en la población general, si bien el nivel deconocimientos y creencias es más preciso. Destaca la falta de correspondencia entrecreencias y conocimientos en salud y los hábitos de salud

Data availableon health habits and health beliefs in Spanish medical population is scarce. The objectiveof this study was to explore some health habits (i.e., tobacco and alcohol consume) aswell as the knowledge and beliefs regarding those habits among physicians and medicalstudents. The sample was 147 participants from various hospitals in Spain. A questionnairespecifically designed for this study was used to obtain data about the target variables.Results show that 47,6% of participants are smokers, and 71,7% inform to be alcoholconsumers. A positive relation between age and frequency of consumption was found inboth habits. Participants demonstrate to have an adequate level of knowledge and beliefsin relation to the risks for health that the use of tobacco and alcohol entails, contrastingclearly with their consumption patterns. The health habits of this sample do not differfrom those founded in the general population, even though participants show a correctlevel of knowledge and beliefs on these habits, thus emphasizing the lack of correspondencebetween health knowledge, beliefs and health habits

Efectos del consumo de café para la salud cardiovascular, la diabetes y el desarrollo de cáncer / Effects of coffee consume on cardiovascular health, diabetes and cancer

Se revisan y analizan las relaciones entre consumo de café y riesgo para la salud en los tres grupos de trastornos primeras causas de muerte prematura: trastornos cardiovasculares, diabetes y cáncer. Se revisan los estudios epidemiológicos y experimentales existentes, y aquellos que han explorado los agentes o mecanismos responsables del efecto de riesgo o protector para la salud del consumo de café. Los resultados indican que existen evidencias de aumento del riesgo de trastornos cardiovasculares por consumo de café, mientras que los datos no son concluyentes respecto a las relaciones entre riesgo de diabetes y consumo. Las relaciones entre consumo de café y riesgo de cáncer parecen probables en el caso de los cánceres de páncreas y de ovario, mientras que el consumo de café se muestra como un factor protector del cáncer de colon y recto y los datos no son concluyentes para el cáncer de vejiga. En todos los casos se indican las hipótesis disponibles sobre mecanismos responsables del efecto y se señalan posibles formas de consumo saludable que reduzcan los riesgos (AU)

This paper presents a revision of the relationships between coffee consumption and health across the three groups of diseases that are the first causes of premature death: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological and experimental studies show relative evidences of increasing cardiovascular risk correlated to coffee consumption while no clear relationship is found concerning diabetes. Relationships between coffee consumption and cancer risk are likely in the case of pancreas and ovarian cancers while coffee consumption appears as a protector factor in colorectal cancer with no concluding data in the case of bladder cancer. This paper also presents the available hypotheses concerning the mechanisms that might be responsible of coffee consumption as a risk or protector factor for the diseases revised, and healthy forms of coffee consumption that minimize risk are indicated (AU)