La anticoncepción de larga duración tras el parto: una oportunidad infrautilizada / Long-acting contraception after delivery: an underused opportunity

Cada año, muchas mujeres sufren embarazos no deseados. Subyace tras este problema la falta de uso de algún método anticonceptivo y las incidencias/uso inadecuado de los métodos más populares: el preservativo y la anticoncepción oral. Cerca de la mitad de las mujeres que se sometieron a una interrupción voluntaria del embarazo en nuestro país tenía 1 o 2 hijos: existe un colectivo de mujeres que ha sido madre, que se plantea no serlo de nuevo a corto-medio plazo, y que no ha satisfecho sus necesidades anticonceptivas. El periodo posparto ofrece una oportunidad, infrautilizada, para abordar estas necesidades. Tras la maternidad, la mujer valora especialmente la facilidad de uso del método anticonceptivo, la protección a largo plazo y no tener que preocuparse continuamente por él, y le preocupa que afecte a la lactancia. La anticoncepción de larga duración y reversible o LARC permitiría a la mujer que ha sido madre reducir la posibilidad de un embarazo no deseado durante el tiempo que quisiera. Los más populares son los dispositivos intrauterinos de cobre (DIU-Cu) y los liberadores de levonorgestrel (DIU-LNG), ambos con índices de Pearl muy bajos. Pueden insertarse inmediatamente tras el parto en mujeres no lactantes, con tasas de expulsión bajas. En mujeres lactantes no existe consenso acerca del uso de DIU-LNG antes de las 4 semanas. Pese a sus ventajas, el uso de LARC en nuestro país es muy bajo, sobre todo debido a la falta de información

Every year, many women suffer unwanted pregnancies. Behind this problem, it is found the lack of use of contraception and the incidents / misuse of the most popular methods: condoms and oral contraception. About half of the women who underwent abortion in our country had one or two children: there is a group of women who have been mother, who not contemplate to be again in short-medium term, and who has not fulfilled their contraceptive needs. The postpartum period provides an underused opportunity to address these needs. After maternity, women particularly appreciate the ease of use of the contraceptive method, the long-term protection and not have to constantly worry about it, and are concerned about affect breastfeeding. Long-acting reversible contraception, or LARC allow the woman who has been mother reduce the possibility of an unwanted pregnancy for as long as wanted. The most popular are the copper intrauterine devices (Cu-IUD) and the releasing levonorgestrel systems (LNG-IUS), both with very low Pearl Index. They can be inserted immediately after delivery in non-lactating women, with low rates of expulsion. In lactating women there is no consensus on the use of LNG-IUD before 4 weeks. Despite its advantages, the use of LARC in our country is very low, mainly due to lack of information

[Ultrasonography as a method to determine the correct implantation of intratubaric devices]. / La ecografía como método para determinar la correcta implantación de dispositivos intratubáricos.

BACKGROUND: Essure procedure consists in the placement of two coils in the intramural segment of Fallopian tubes by hysteroscopic causing a fibrosis reaction that unleashes a physiological obstruction. Hysterosalpingography, until today, is the gold standard checking the success of this method of sterilization. OBJECTIVE: Determining if a scan at three months postimplantation is sufficient to confirm the correct positioning of the device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study with 61 patients undergoing definitive hysteroscopic sterilization to validate transvaginal ultrasound as a technique to determine the effectiveness of the method. RESULTS: There were placed 120 devices, of which 117 (97'5%) were visible by ultrasound. Comparing ultrasound findings with gold standard, we obtain that in cases of proper bilateral implantation by hysterosalpingography, with ultrasound we diagnosed the 81 '13%; in cases of correct unilateral implantation we detected 75% with ultrasound, except one patient who was considered proper placement of the coil by ultrasound but hysterosalpingography reported that it was misplaced and the Fallopian tube was permeable. DISCUSSION: Transvaginal ultrasound is an appropriate method to confirm the correct position of intratubaric Essure devices, its safety, low cost and reproducibility. However, our study cannot replace the hysterosalpingography as gold standard.

[Diagnostic hysteroscopy indications and results in Complexo Hospitalario Universitario De Ourense]. / Indicaciones y resultados de la histeroscopia diagnóstica ambulatoria en el Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense.

BACKGROUND: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows the evaluation of the endocervical canal and uterine cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indications, complications and referral to operative hysteroscopy. To analyze the correlation between sonographic display, hysteroscopy findings and histological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of 904 patients who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2012. RESULTS: The most frequent indication was sonographic detection of endometrial polyps (75% were premenopausal and 71.2% postmenopausal). The complication rate associated with the test was 11.4%. The reduction experimented in operative hysteroscopies was from 31.2% in 2008 to 12.2% between January and June 2012. When a polyp or a myoma was detected by sonography, diagnostic hysteroscopy showed them in 64.4% y 62.5% of the cases, respectively. The correlation between hysteroscopic findings and histopathologic diagnosis was 77.7% for normal endometrium, 77.9% for polyps, 17.8% for hyperplasic appearance and 100% for carcinoma suspicion. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a safe technique that allows small interventions avoiding operative hysteroscopies. There is a good relation between hysteroscopic visual inspection and anatomopathologic diagnosis, but biopsy should be taken except if normal endometrium is visualized.

Hidrosadenitis supurativa en una paciente portadora de dispositivo intrauterino de levonorgestrel / Hidrosadenitis suppurative in a patient with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device

El dispositivo intrauterino (DIU) de levonorgestrel (LNG) es un método anticonceptivo de solo gestágeno de larga duración. Su acción se ejerce a nivel local pero a veces se asocia a manifestaciones sistémicas por el efecto androgénico del LNG. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que desarrolló un cuadro de hidrosadenitis supurativa después de la inserción del DIU de LNG y que mejoró tras su retirada. Los dermatólogos deben preguntar acerca del uso de métodos anticonceptivos que lleven LNG en mujeres que cursan con esta enfermedad cutánea(AU)

The levonorgestrel (LNG)-releasing intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-acting, progestin-only contraceptive method. The effect of this method is mainly local but systemic side effects sometimes occur because of the androgenic activity of LNG. We report the case of a woman who developed hidrosadenitis suppurativa after insertion of an LNG-IUD, which was resolved by removal of the device. Dermatologists should inquire about the use of LNG as a contraceptive method in women with this cutaneous disease(AU)