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1.
Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter ; 39(2): 102-107, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28577645

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Safety in Transfusion Medicine is subject to regulations and government legislation within a total quality framework. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of seroprevalence and indeterminate results on lost units and cost per donation. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Blood Bank and Transfusion Therapy Department of the Hospital Central de la Policia Nacional del Perú in Lima, Peru. All completed donations (replacement/voluntary) without complications were included in this study. Every donation met the institutional requirements and quality criteria of Programa Nacional de Hemoterapia y Bancos de Sangre (PRONAHEBAS). Data analysis was achieved using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: A total of 7723 donations were evaluated during 2014 and 2015 with 493 being seropositive (overall prevalence 5.25%) and 502 having indeterminate results (overall prevalence 5.35%). Thus total loss was 995units, 437.8L of blood and 49,750 US dollars. The most common seropositive infectious markers were the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (2.82%) and syphilis (1.02%), and the most common indeterminate results were Chagas disease (1.27%) and the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (1.26%). There was no significant change in the prevalence of seropositivity (p-value=0.243) or indeterminate results (p-value=0.227) over the two-year period of the study. A statistical correlation was found between the cost per lost donation and the most prevalent markers (rho=0.848; p-value=<0.001). CONCLUSION: Seroprevalence was lower than the regional mean, but the prevalence of indeterminate results was elevated causing a great impact on blood supply and economic losses to this institution.

2.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 39(2): 102-107, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-898911

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Safety in Transfusion Medicine is subject to regulations and government legislation within a total quality framework. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of seroprevalence and indeterminate results on lost units and cost per donation. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in the Blood Bank and Transfusion Therapy Department of the Hospital Central de la Policia Nacional del Perú in Lima, Peru. All completed donations (replacement/voluntary) without complications were included in this study. Every donation met the institutional requirements and quality criteria of Programa Nacional de Hemoterapia y Bancos de Sangre (PRONAHEBAS). Data analysis was achieved using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A total of 7723 donations were evaluated during 2014 and 2015 with 493 being seropositive (overall prevalence 5.25%) and 502 having indeterminate results (overall prevalence 5.35%). Thus total loss was 995 units, 437.8 L of blood and 49,750 US dollars. The most common seropositive infectious markers were the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (2.82%) and syphilis (1.02%), and the most common indeterminate results were Chagas disease (1.27%) and the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (1.26%). There was no significant change in the prevalence of seropositivity (p-value = 0.243) or indeterminate results (p-value = 0.227) over the two-year period of the study. A statistical correlation was found between the cost per lost donation and the most prevalent markers (rho = 0.848; p-value = <0.001). Conclusion: Seroprevalence was lower than the regional mean, but the prevalence of indeterminate results was elevated causing a great impact on blood supply and economic losses to this institution.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Segurança do Sangue
3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 14: 218, 2014 Apr 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24755089

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-transmitted infections are a major problem associated with blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence and trends of HBV, HCV and HIV in blood donors in Argentina. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out in blood donors of 27 transfusion centers covering the whole country over a period of eight years (2004-2011). Serologic screening assays for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV were performed in all centers and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) was performed in 2 out of the 27 centers. RESULTS: The 2,595,852 samples tested nationwide from 2004 to 2011 showed that the prevalence of HBsAg decreased from 0.336% to 0.198% (p < 0.0001), that of anti-HBc from 2.391% to 2.007% (p < 0.0001), that of anti-HCV from 0.721% to 0.460%, (p < 0.0001) and that of anti-HIV from 0.208% to 0.200 (p = 0.075). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV was unevenly distributed among the different regions of the country. Two out of 74,838 screening- negative samples were positive in NAT assays (1 HIV-RNA and 1 HCV-RNA); moreover, HBV-DNA, HCV-RNA and HIV-RNA were detected in 60.29, 24.54 and 66.67% of screening-positive samples of the corresponding assays. As regards donors age, positive HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA donors were significantly older than healthy donors (46.6, 50.5 and 39.5 y respectively, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Argentina has a low prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV in blood donors, with a decreasing trend for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV but not for anti-HIV over the last 8 years. The uneven distribution of transfusion-transmitted infections prevalence among the different regions of the country highlights the need to implement regional awareness campaigns and prevention. The discrepancy between samples testing positive for screening assays and negative for NAT assays highlights the problem of blood donors who test repeatedly reactive in screening assays but are not confirmed as positive upon further testing. The uneven distribution of age between healthy donors and NAT-positive donors could be related to changes in risks of these pathogens in the general population and might be attributed to a longer exposure to transmission risk factors in elderly people.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Argentina/epidemiologia , Feminino , HIV/imunologia , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 40(1): 19-32, 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-131224

RESUMO

Las infecciones emergentes juegan un papel importantísimo en medicina transfusional. La experiencia con HIV puso en evidencia la necesidad de actuar rápidamente. La lentitud en la respuesta de los Bancos de Sangre y la falta de un liderazgo en la adopción de medidas preventivas dieron lugar a una transmisión importante por vía transfusional. En cuanto a las hepatitis postransfusionales NANB, aprendimos las lecciones acerca de las pruebas subrogantes. Sin embargo, la respuesta para prevenir la transmisión de HCV fue lenta porque la comunidad científica estaba focalizada en la transmisión de HIV. En el caso del XMRV, la presión ejercida por la comunidad fue muy importante. Se formaron grupos multidisciplinarios de expertos que realizaron gran cantidad de estudios y la respuesta ocurrió rápidamente, aunque al poco tiempo se demostró que este patógeno no era relevante para la Medicina Transfusional. Con respecto al WNV, la familiaridad con los modelos desarrollados por el CDC para estimar los riesgos y las lecciones aprendidas por las experiencias con HIV y HCV facilitaron una respuesta rápida y se implementaron medidas rápidamente para minimizar el riesgo de transmisión por vía transfusional. Se abrió un nuevo paradigma: la importancia de considerar los riesgos de transfusión que pueden derivar de agentes que causan viremias breves, usualmente asintomáticas, pero con el potencial de generar brotes estacionales de alta incidencia. La respuesta a la amenaza con WNV fue rápida, apropiada y exitosa. Las nuevas herramientas de biología molecular han permitido el aislamiento de numerosos gérmenes emergentes y lo seguirán haciendo en el futuro. Estar alertas ante nuevos patógenos de potencial importancia es nuestra responsabilidad. (AU)


Emerging infections play an extremely important role in transfusion medicine. Experience with HIV highlighted the necessity to act quickly. The slow Blood Banks response and the lack of leadership in the adoption of preventive measures resulted in a significant transfusional transmission. Regarding the post-transfusion NANB hepatitis, we have learned the lessons about the surrogate tests. However, the response to prevent HCV transmission was slow given that the scientific community was focused on HIV transmission. In the case of XMRV, pressure from the community was extremely important. Multidisciplinary groups of experts who conducted many studies were formed and the answer came quickly, but soon it was proved that this pathogen was not relevant to Transfusion Medicine. With respect to WNV, familiarity with the models developed by the CDC to estimate the risks and lessons learned from experiences with HIV and HCV facilitated a quick response, and measures were quickly implemented to minimize the risk of transmission by transfusion. A new paradigm came up: the importance of con¡sidering the risks of transfusion that may result from agents that cause brief, usually asymptomatic viremia, but with the potential to generate high incidence seasonal outbreaks of viralloads. The response to the threat with WNV was rapid, appropriate and successful. The new tools of molecular biology have allowed the isolation of many emerging germs and will continue to do so in the future. Being alert to new pathogens of potential importance is our responsibility. (AU)


Assuntos
Segurança do Sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/sangue , Medicina Transfusional , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C , Gammaretrovirus , Arbovírus , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus da Dengue , Vírus Chikungunya , Febre Amarela , Saúde Pública
5.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 40(1): 19-32, 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-740615

RESUMO

Las infecciones emergentes juegan un papel importantísimo en medicina transfusional. La experiencia con HIV puso en evidencia la necesidad de actuar rápidamente. La lentitud en la respuesta de los Bancos de Sangre y la falta de un liderazgo en la adopción de medidas preventivas dieron lugar a una transmisión importante por vía transfusional. En cuanto a las hepatitis postransfusionales NANB, aprendimos las lecciones acerca de las pruebas subrogantes. Sin embargo, la respuesta para prevenir la transmisión de HCV fue lenta porque la comunidad científica estaba focalizada en la transmisión de HIV. En el caso del XMRV, la presión ejercida por la comunidad fue muy importante. Se formaron grupos multidisciplinarios de expertos que realizaron gran cantidad de estudios y la respuesta ocurrió rápidamente, aunque al poco tiempo se demostró que este patógeno no era relevante para la Medicina Transfusional. Con respecto al WNV, la familiaridad con los modelos desarrollados por el CDC para estimar los riesgos y las lecciones aprendidas por las experiencias con HIV y HCV facilitaron una respuesta rápida y se implementaron medidas rápidamente para minimizar el riesgo de transmisión por vía transfusional. Se abrió un nuevo paradigma: la importancia de considerar los riesgos de transfusión que pueden derivar de agentes que causan viremias breves, usualmente asintomáticas, pero con el potencial de generar brotes estacionales de alta incidencia. La respuesta a la amenaza con WNV fue rápida, apropiada y exitosa. Las nuevas herramientas de biología molecular han permitido el aislamiento de numerosos gérmenes emergentes y lo seguirán haciendo en el futuro. Estar alertas ante nuevos patógenos de potencial importancia es nuestra responsabilidad.


Emerging infections play an extremely important role in transfusion medicine. Experience with HIV highlighted the necessity to act quickly. The slow Blood Banks response and the lack of leadership in the adoption of preventive measures resulted in a significant transfusional transmission. Regarding the post-transfusion NANB hepatitis, we have learned the lessons about the surrogate tests. However, the response to prevent HCV transmission was slow given that the scientific community was focused on HIV transmission. In the case of XMRV, pressure from the community was extremely important. Multidisciplinary groups of experts who conducted many studies were formed and the answer came quickly, but soon it was proved that this pathogen was not relevant to Transfusion Medicine. With respect to WNV, familiarity with the models developed by the CDC to estimate the risks and lessons learned from experiences with HIV and HCV facilitated a quick response, and measures were quickly implemented to minimize the risk of transmission by transfusion. A new paradigm came up: the importance of con­sidering the risks of transfusion that may result from agents that cause brief, usually asymptomatic viremia, but with the potential to generate high incidence seasonal outbreaks of viralloads. The response to the threat with WNV was rapid, appropriate and successful. The new tools of molecular biology have allowed the isolation of many emerging germs and will continue to do so in the future. Being alert to new pathogens of potential importance is our responsibility.


Assuntos
Controle de Infecções/métodos , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/sangue , Medicina Transfusional , Segurança do Sangue , Arbovírus , Febre Amarela , Gammaretrovirus , Hepatite C , Infecções por HIV , Saúde Pública , Vírus Chikungunya , Vírus da Dengue , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental
6.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 30(1): 19-30, ene.-mar. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-2884

RESUMO

West Nile virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family. It was first isolated in Uganda and is indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia and southern Europe. In recent years, local epidemics have been reported in Romania, Russia and Israel. In 1999 the virus presented a rapid emergence in North America and until November 2002 it has caused over 4,100 symptomatic infections in humans, of whom more than 240 have died. The life cycle of the virus includes mosquitoes as vectors with birds as amplifying viremic vertebrate hosts. Human, horses and other animals serve as dead-end hosts. Most infections are mild, with symptoms primarily being fever, headache, and myalgias. People older than 50 years are at highest risk of severe disease, which include encephalomyelitis. In 2002, 5 new modes of transmission were recognized: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, breast-feeding, transplacental transmission and occupational exposure in laboratory workers. Regarding blood transfusion, during the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States, 23 patients were confirmed to have acquired West Nile virus through transfused red cells, platelets or fresh-frozen plasma. Currently, there is no specific drug treatment or vaccine against the infection, and avoiding mosquito bites is the best way to protect against the disease. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/diagnóstico , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/etiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/história , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/prevenção & controle , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/terapia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/transmissão , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/patogenicidade , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/ultraestrutura , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
7.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 30(1): 19-30, ene.-mar. 2004. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-395829

RESUMO

West Nile virus is a member of the Flaviviridae family. It was first isolated in Uganda and is indigenous to Africa, Asia, Australia and southern Europe. In recent years, local epidemics have been reported in Romania, Russia and Israel. In 1999 the virus presented a rapid emergence in North America and until November 2002 it has caused over 4,100 symptomatic infections in humans, of whom more than 240 have died. The life cycle of the virus includes mosquitoes as vectors with birds as amplifying viremic vertebrate hosts. Human, horses and other animals serve as dead-end hosts. Most infections are mild, with symptoms primarily being fever, headache, and myalgias. People older than 50 years are at highest risk of severe disease, which include encephalomyelitis. In 2002, 5 new modes of transmission were recognized: blood transfusion, organ transplantation, breast-feeding, transplacental transmission and occupational exposure in laboratory workers. Regarding blood transfusion, during the 2002 West Nile virus epidemic in the United States, 23 patients were confirmed to have acquired West Nile virus through transfused red cells, platelets or fresh-frozen plasma. Currently, there is no specific drug treatment or vaccine against the infection, and avoiding mosquito bites is the best way to protect against the disease.


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Febre do Nilo Ocidental , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Doenças das Aves , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Estados Unidos
8.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 62(3): 259-78, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12150011

RESUMO

Although each donated unit of blood is tested for evidence of infection by specific agents, there are at least four potential reasons why transmission of these agents may still occur: a) the donor has negative laboratory test results during the early stages of infection, known as the window period, b) the existence of a chronic carrier state in which a clinically asymptomatic donor will persistently test negative on a screening assay, c) donors harbouring a mutant or atypical variant and d) laboratory errors when performing the screening tests. Measures to assure the safety of blood and blood components include use of voluntary donors, donor selection and questioning, laboratory testing for serological markers of infections, maintenance of registries of disqualified donors and, more recently, the introduction of direct testing for viral nucleic acids. All these measures must be accompanied by rigorous quality control systems. The potential risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases can be estimated by reviewing the records of blood donations, the screening procedures and determining the prevalence of the serologic markers of infectious diseases. Accurate estimates of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections are needed in order to monitor the safety of the blood supply and evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of alternatives to allogeneic transfusion. Genomic screening for infectious agents, especially viruses, became possible with the development of various nucleic acid amplification techniques. They combine the advantages of direct detection of the organism with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional methods.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Reação Transfusional , Viroses/transmissão , Infecções Bacterianas/sangue , Infecções Bacterianas/transmissão , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis/sangue , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/sangue , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/transmissão , Humanos , Ácidos Nucleicos/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias/sangue , Doenças Parasitárias/transmissão , Fatores de Risco , Viroses/sangue
9.
Medicina [B Aires] ; 62(3): 259-78, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-39181

RESUMO

Although each donated unit of blood is tested for evidence of infection by specific agents, there are at least four potential reasons why transmission of these agents may still occur: a) the donor has negative laboratory test results during the early stages of infection, known as the window period, b) the existence of a chronic carrier state in which a clinically asymptomatic donor will persistently test negative on a screening assay, c) donors harbouring a mutant or atypical variant and d) laboratory errors when performing the screening tests. Measures to assure the safety of blood and blood components include use of voluntary donors, donor selection and questioning, laboratory testing for serological markers of infections, maintenance of registries of disqualified donors and, more recently, the introduction of direct testing for viral nucleic acids. All these measures must be accompanied by rigorous quality control systems. The potential risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases can be estimated by reviewing the records of blood donations, the screening procedures and determining the prevalence of the serologic markers of infectious diseases. Accurate estimates of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections are needed in order to monitor the safety of the blood supply and evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of alternatives to allogeneic transfusion. Genomic screening for infectious agents, especially viruses, became possible with the development of various nucleic acid amplification techniques. They combine the advantages of direct detection of the organism with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional methods.

10.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 62(3): 259-278, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-7591

RESUMO

Although each donated unit of blood is tested for evidence of infection by specific agents, there are at least four potential reasons why transmission of these agents may still occur: a) the donor has negative laboratory test results during the early stages of infection, known as the window period, b) the existence of a chronic carrier state in which a clinically asymptomatic donor will persistently test negative on a screening assay, c) donors harbouring a mutant or atypical variant and d) laboratory errors when performing the screening tests. Measures to assure the safety of blood and blood components include use of voluntary donors, donor selection and questioning, laboratory testing for serological markers of infections, maintenance of registries of disqualified donors and, more recently, the introduction of direct testing for viral nucleic acids. All these measures must be accompanied by rigorous quality control systems. The potential risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases can be estimated by reviewing the records of blood donations, the screening procedures and determining the prevalence of the serologic markers of infectious diseases. Accurate estimates of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections are needed in order to monitor the safety of the blood supply and evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of alternatives to allogeneic transfusion. Genomic screening for infectious agents, especially viruses, became possible with the development of various nucleic acid amplification techniques. They combine the advantages of direct detection of the organism with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional methods (AU)#S


Assuntos
Humanos , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Viroses/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis/sangue , Viroses/sangue , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/transmissão , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/sangue , Infecções Bacterianas/transmissão , Infecções Bacterianas/sangue , Doenças Parasitárias/transmissão , Doenças Parasitárias/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Biomarcadores/sangue , Ácidos Nucleicos/isolamento & purificação
11.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 62(3): 259-278, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-318158

RESUMO

Although each donated unit of blood is tested for evidence of infection by specific agents, there are at least four potential reasons why transmission of these agents may still occur: a) the donor has negative laboratory test results during the early stages of infection, known as the window period, b) the existence of a chronic carrier state in which a clinically asymptomatic donor will persistently test negative on a screening assay, c) donors harbouring a mutant or atypical variant and d) laboratory errors when performing the screening tests. Measures to assure the safety of blood and blood components include use of voluntary donors, donor selection and questioning, laboratory testing for serological markers of infections, maintenance of registries of disqualified donors and, more recently, the introduction of direct testing for viral nucleic acids. All these measures must be accompanied by rigorous quality control systems. The potential risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases can be estimated by reviewing the records of blood donations, the screening procedures and determining the prevalence of the serologic markers of infectious diseases. Accurate estimates of the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections are needed in order to monitor the safety of the blood supply and evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of alternatives to allogeneic transfusion. Genomic screening for infectious agents, especially viruses, became possible with the development of various nucleic acid amplification techniques. They combine the advantages of direct detection of the organism with a sensitivity several orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional methods (AU)#S


Assuntos
Humanos , Transfusão de Sangue , Doenças Transmissíveis , Viroses , Infecções Bacterianas , Biomarcadores , Doenças Transmissíveis , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/sangue , Síndrome de Creutzfeldt-Jakob/transmissão , Ácidos Nucleicos , Doenças Parasitárias , Fatores de Risco , Viroses
12.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 59(2): 129-32, 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-16207

RESUMO

La transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas por vía transfusional es la segunda causa en importancia de infección en áreas endémicas. Existen discrepancias en los resultados obtenidos con los equipos disponibles para el estudio de la presencia de marcadores serológicos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores anti-T. cruzi, comparar la sensibilidad y especificidad relativas de las dos técnicas de tamizaje que utilizamos en nuestra División y confirmar los resultados con un tercer ensayo. Se estudiaron un total de 20 860 donantes voluntarios por hemoaglutinación indirecta (HAI) y enzimoinmunoensayo (EIE). Las muestras repetidamente reactivas fueron ensayadas por un EIE llevado a cabo en tiras de nitrocelulosa (DB). Los sueros que resultaron reactivos en al menos dos de las pruebas se consideraron positivos. La prevalencia de marcadores anti-T. cruzi, fue de 2.76 por ciento (576 muestras). De todas las muestras estudiadas, el 1.87 por ciento fueron confirmadas positivas. No se registraron flasos negativos para la prueba de EIE, mientras que 98 muestras (0.47 por ciento) fueron falsos negativos para el HAI. La especificidad relativa fue del 99.3 por ciento y 99.8 por ciento para EIE y HAI respectivamente. En nuestro caso, el descarte de unidades falsamente reactivas corresponde a casi el 0.9 por ciento del total de donaciones, de las cuales dos tercios corresponden a falsos EIE y un tercio a falsos HAI. Es importante destacar que en la población estudiada no se han resgistrado falsos negativos para EIE pero sí para HAI, lo que indicaría, que a pesar de que el primer método es menos específico, resulta mucho más sensible. Resulta de importancia la confirmación de los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas tamiz para evitar al aviso innecesario a los donantes falsamente reactivos y permitir eventualmente futuras donaciones. El DB empleado en el presente estudio resulta una alternativa útil para este propósito. (AU)


Assuntos
Estudo Comparativo , Humanos , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Doadores de Sangue , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Reações Falso-Negativas , Argentina
13.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(2): 129-32, 1999. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-234491

RESUMO

La transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas por vía transfusional es la segunda causa en importancia de infección en áreas endémicas. Existen discrepancias en los resultados obtenidos con los equipos disponibles para el estudio de la presencia de marcadores serológicos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la seroprevalencia de marcadores anti-T. cruzi, comparar la sensibilidad y especificidad relativas de las dos técnicas de tamizaje que utilizamos en nuestra División y confirmar los resultados con un tercer ensayo. Se estudiaron un total de 20 860 donantes voluntarios por hemoaglutinación indirecta (HAI) y enzimoinmunoensayo (EIE). Las muestras repetidamente reactivas fueron ensayadas por un EIE llevado a cabo en tiras de nitrocelulosa (DB). Los sueros que resultaron reactivos en al menos dos de las pruebas se consideraron positivos. La prevalencia de marcadores anti-T. cruzi, fue de 2.76 por ciento (576 muestras). De todas las muestras estudiadas, el 1.87 por ciento fueron confirmadas positivas. No se registraron flasos negativos para la prueba de EIE, mientras que 98 muestras (0.47 por ciento) fueron falsos negativos para el HAI. La especificidad relativa fue del 99.3 por ciento y 99.8 por ciento para EIE y HAI respectivamente. En nuestro caso, el descarte de unidades falsamente reactivas corresponde a casi el 0.9 por ciento del total de donaciones, de las cuales dos tercios corresponden a falsos EIE y un tercio a falsos HAI. Es importante destacar que en la población estudiada no se han resgistrado falsos negativos para EIE pero sí para HAI, lo que indicaría, que a pesar de que el primer método es menos específico, resulta mucho más sensible. Resulta de importancia la confirmación de los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas tamiz para evitar al aviso innecesario a los donantes falsamente reactivos y permitir eventualmente futuras donaciones. El DB empleado en el presente estudio resulta una alternativa útil para este propósito.


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/análise , Doadores de Sangue , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Argentina , Reações Falso-Negativas , Testes de Hemaglutinação , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
14.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 22(3): 179-84, jul.-sept. 1996. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-14182

RESUMO

El HTLV-I y el HTLV-II son virus cuya transmisión ocurre de madre a hijo, por contacto sexual y por transfusiones de sangre o por compartir agujas contaminadas. El HTLV-I está asociado al menos con dos enfermedades, la leucemia-linfoma T del adulto y la parapesia espástica tropical. Con el fin de prevenir la transmisión por vía transfusional en varios países se testean las donaciones de sangre para Ac anti-HTLV-I. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de un nuevo test de enzimoinmunoensayo para detección de Ac anti HTLV-I (Abbott HTLV-I 2.0 EIA, USA) utilizando muestras repetidamente reactivas por la prueba de AP y positivas, indeterminadas o negativas por WB. Se utilizaron 63 sueros obtenidos de donantes voluntarios vinculares de sangre. Treinta fueron negativos por WB, 13 reactivos para HTLV-I, 2 reactivos para HTLV-II, uno para HTLV-I/II y 17 indeterminados. Todas las muestras positivas por WB también lo fueron por EIE; en cuanto a las negativas por la técnica confirmatoria, el 13 por ciento fue reactivo por EIE. Por último, de los sueros indeterminados, el 53 por ciento fue positivo por EIE. La técnica del EIE resultó tener muy buena sensibilidad y podría constituir una alternativa útil en el caso de no disponer momentáneamente de reactivos para realizar la confirmación. Según lo observado en nuestra experiencia, un resultado positivo por EIE para una muestra repetidamente reactiva por AP indica con alta probabilidad que están presentes Ac anti-HTLV y viceversa. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/análise , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical , Transfusão de Sangue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Doadores de Sangue , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Western Blotting/métodos
15.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 22(3): 179-84, jul.-sept. 1996. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-248852

RESUMO

El HTLV-I y el HTLV-II son virus cuya transmisión ocurre de madre a hijo, por contacto sexual y por transfusiones de sangre o por compartir agujas contaminadas. El HTLV-I está asociado al menos con dos enfermedades, la leucemia-linfoma T del adulto y la parapesia espástica tropical. Con el fin de prevenir la transmisión por vía transfusional en varios países se testean las donaciones de sangre para Ac anti-HTLV-I. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo la evaluación de un nuevo test de enzimoinmunoensayo para detección de Ac anti HTLV-I (Abbott HTLV-I 2.0 EIA, USA) utilizando muestras repetidamente reactivas por la prueba de AP y positivas, indeterminadas o negativas por WB. Se utilizaron 63 sueros obtenidos de donantes voluntarios vinculares de sangre. Treinta fueron negativos por WB, 13 reactivos para HTLV-I, 2 reactivos para HTLV-II, uno para HTLV-I/II y 17 indeterminados. Todas las muestras positivas por WB también lo fueron por EIE; en cuanto a las negativas por la técnica confirmatoria, el 13 por ciento fue reactivo por EIE. Por último, de los sueros indeterminados, el 53 por ciento fue positivo por EIE. La técnica del EIE resultó tener muy buena sensibilidad y podría constituir una alternativa útil en el caso de no disponer momentáneamente de reactivos para realizar la confirmación. Según lo observado en nuestra experiencia, un resultado positivo por EIE para una muestra repetidamente reactiva por AP indica con alta probabilidad que están presentes Ac anti-HTLV y viceversa.


Assuntos
Humanos , Doadores de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/análise , Leucemia-Linfoma de Células T do Adulto , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical , Western Blotting , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/métodos , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos
16.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 55(4): 295-9, 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | BINACIS | ID: bin-23062

RESUMO

HTLV-I and HTLV-II are two related retroviruses that are transmitted by sexual contact, breast feeding, blood transfusion and needle sharing. In this study the prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II was evaluated in voluntary blood donors as a measure of the infection in the general population. Samples were tested by a gelatine particle agglutination test and repeatedly reactive samples were confirmed by Western blot tests (WBT), enriched with recombinant rgp21, rgp46I y rgp46II proteins, which differentiates HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies. Of 19,426 samples, 40 were repeatedly reactive by particle agglutination (0.21 percent). When analyzed by WBT, 6 met the criteria for HTLV-I (0.036 percent), 2 for HTLV-II (0.01 percent) and 1 for HTLV-I/II, 13 samples were indeterminate and 18 were negative. The prevalence is low and comparable to that from non endemic countries. Screening for anti HTLV-I/II antibodies is necessary to prevent transmission through blood transfusions.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Infecções por HTLV-I/transmissão , Infecções por HTLV-II/transmissão , Doadores de Sangue , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/análise , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos , Western Blotting , Prevalência , Argentina
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 55(4): 295-9, 1995.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-161629

RESUMO

HTLV-I and HTLV-II are two related retroviruses that are transmitted by sexual contact, breast feeding, blood transfusion and needle sharing. In this study the prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II was evaluated in voluntary blood donors as a measure of the infection in the general population. Samples were tested by a gelatine particle agglutination test and repeatedly reactive samples were confirmed by Western blot tests (WBT), enriched with recombinant rgp21, rgp46I y rgp46II proteins, which differentiates HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies. Of 19,426 samples, 40 were repeatedly reactive by particle agglutination (0.21 percent). When analyzed by WBT, 6 met the criteria for HTLV-I (0.036 percent), 2 for HTLV-II (0.01 percent) and 1 for HTLV-I/II, 13 samples were indeterminate and 18 were negative. The prevalence is low and comparable to that from non endemic countries. Screening for anti HTLV-I/II antibodies is necessary to prevent transmission through blood transfusions.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HTLV-I/transmissão , Infecções por HTLV-II/transmissão , Argentina , Doadores de Sangue , Western Blotting , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/análise , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/análise , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/imunologia , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/imunologia , Prevalência , Testes de Aglutinação/métodos
18.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 54(4): 331-9, 1994. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | BINACIS | ID: bin-24186

RESUMO

Una vez establecida la ruta neural como la seguida por el virus Junín (VJ) a partir de su inoculación intradérmica en ratas lactantes, resultaba de interes determinar cuál era la vía adoptada luego de inoculado intraperitonealmente. Desde la 2da semana se evidenció una enfermedad neurológica que a los 30 días post-infección alcanzó un 84 por ciento de mortalidad. En curso de ese período, se efectuaron cosechas de tejidos extraneurales y neurales para la marcación por inmunoperoxidasa del antígenos viral y el examen histopatológico, asi como la titulación de infectividad que también se extendió a sangre. En todas las muestras de tejido en que se detectó virus infectivo, sea por cocultivo o por aislamiento convencional, se logró la marcación del antígeno viral. El VJ estuvo presente en valores mínimos en bazo e hígado desde el día 2 al 5, y en sangre del 5 al 15. En tejidos neurales, el antígeno viral fue inicialmente revelado al día 5, tanto en ganglios raquídeos torácicos como en los segmentos medulares relacionados. A partir del día 7, la positividad se extendió a la médula espinal en toda su extensión; a la vez, ya había evidencias de presencia viral en tronco cerebral, con disfusión al resto de estructuras encefálicas desde el día 10. Pese a la presencia masiva del antígeno viral en neuromas, dichas células no mostraban cambios morfológicos aparentes. Dado que la infección de ganglios raquídeos y de médula espinal invariablemente precedió al acesso viral a encéfalo, y ello ocurrió en forma concomitante a la desaparición del virus en órganos linfo-reticulares y en sangre, la vía neural parece ser la adoptada por el VJ desde cavidad peritoneal hasta sistema nervioso central (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Vírus Junin/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Vírus Junin/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Cultura de Vírus , Ratos Endogâmicos BUF
19.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 54(4): 331-9, 1994. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-142008

RESUMO

Una vez establecida la ruta neural como la seguida por el virus Junín (VJ) a partir de su inoculación intradérmica en ratas lactantes, resultaba de interes determinar cuál era la vía adoptada luego de inoculado intraperitonealmente. Desde la 2da semana se evidenció una enfermedad neurológica que a los 30 días post-infección alcanzó un 84 por ciento de mortalidad. En curso de ese período, se efectuaron cosechas de tejidos extraneurales y neurales para la marcación por inmunoperoxidasa del antígenos viral y el examen histopatológico, asi como la titulación de infectividad que también se extendió a sangre. En todas las muestras de tejido en que se detectó virus infectivo, sea por cocultivo o por aislamiento convencional, se logró la marcación del antígeno viral. El VJ estuvo presente en valores mínimos en bazo e hígado desde el día 2 al 5, y en sangre del 5 al 15. En tejidos neurales, el antígeno viral fue inicialmente revelado al día 5, tanto en ganglios raquídeos torácicos como en los segmentos medulares relacionados. A partir del día 7, la positividad se extendió a la médula espinal en toda su extensión; a la vez, ya había evidencias de presencia viral en tronco cerebral, con disfusión al resto de estructuras encefálicas desde el día 10. Pese a la presencia masiva del antígeno viral en neuromas, dichas células no mostraban cambios morfológicos aparentes. Dado que la infección de ganglios raquídeos y de médula espinal invariablemente precedió al acesso viral a encéfalo, y ello ocurrió en forma concomitante a la desaparición del virus en órganos linfo-reticulares y en sangre, la vía neural parece ser la adoptada por el VJ desde cavidad peritoneal hasta sistema nervioso central


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Feminino , Antígenos Virais/isolamento & purificação , Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Vírus Junin/isolamento & purificação , Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Vírus Junin/imunologia , Ratos Endogâmicos BUF , Cultura de Vírus
20.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 21(3/4): 120-6, jul.-dic. 1989. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-27769

RESUMO

La rata recién nacida infectada con la cepa atenuada XJC13 del virus Junín por vía ip, no desarrolla enfermedad, mientras que los animales inoculados ic a los 8-12 días de vida con la cepa prototipo XJ presentan un 100% de mortalidad con signos neurológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue lograr una protección en este modelo neurológico y tratar de determinar los mecanismos involucrados en la misma. El mayor porcentaje de sobrevida 75%, se obtuvo cuando a ratas recién nacidas se les administró la cepa XJC13 por vía ip y a los 12 días de edad se les desafió con la cepa XJ por vía ic. Para determinar los mecanismos involucrados en la protección se estudió en los animales protegidos: a) Título de virus en cerebro: fue de 3 log menos que los controle infectados solamente con XJ. Las ratas que recibieron sólo XJC13 presentaron bajos títulos. b) Título de anticuerpos neutralizantes: no fueron diferentes entre ambos grupos, lo que indica que no habría un efecto de respuesta secundaria en los animales protegidos. c) La administración de suero de ratas inoculadas con XJC13 y obtenido 10 días más tarde o de interferón alfa endógeno o oxógeno, no alteraron la mortalidad de animales que fueron infectados ic con XJ a los 12 días de vida. d) La transferencia de esplenocitos de ratas infectadas con la cepa atenuada 10 días antes, protegió contra el desafío con XJ, disminuyendo la mortalidad en un 55% con respecto al grupo control. Tratando los esplenocitos con suero antimocito más complement ... (AU)


Assuntos
Ratos , Animais , Encefalite/prevenção & controle , Arenavirus do Novo Mundo/imunologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Virais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Cérebro/microbiologia , Encefalite/imunologia , Encefalite/microbiologia , Febre Hemorrágica Americana/imunologia , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/sangue , Ratos Endogâmicos BUF , Baço/citologia , Baço/imunologia , Vacinas Atenuadas
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