Recent remediation strategies for flame retardancy via nanoparticles.

This review article delves into the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in fire prevention, aiming to elucidate their specific contribution within the broader context of various fire prevention methods. While acknowledging established approaches such as fire safety principles, fire suppression systems, fire alarm systems, and the use of fire-retardant chemicals and safety equipment, this review focuses on the distinctive properties of NPs. The findings underscore the remarkable potential of NPs in controlling and mitigating fire propagation within both architectural structures and vehicles. Specifically, the primary emphasis lies in the impact of NPs on reducing oxygen levels, as assessed through the limiting oxygen index , a subject explored by various researchers. Furthermore, this review delves into the examination of combustion reduction rates facilitated by NPs, utilizing assessments of ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), and flammability tests (UL-94) on plastic materials. Beyond these aspects, the review evaluates the multifaceted role of NPs in achieving weight reduction and establishing fire-retardant properties. Additionally, it discusses the reduction of smoke, a significant contributor to environmental pollution and health risks. Among the nanoparticles investigated in this study, SiO2, MgAl, and nano hydrotalcite have demonstrated the best results in weight reduction, smoke reduction, and HRR, respectively. Meanwhile, Al2O3 has been identified as one of the least effective treated nanoparticles. Collectively, these findings significantly contribute to improving safety measures and reducing fire risks across a range of industries.

Efficacies of different correction methods on adolescents with low-to-moderate unilateral myopia / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To compare the prevention and control effects of binocular myopia after wearing orthokeratology lenses or glasses for correction in adolescents with low-to-moderate unilateral myopia.Methods The clinical data of 46 adolescents with unilateral myopia treated in First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University were retrospectively analyzed,the patients were divided into the orthokeratology lenses group and spectacles group according to the correction methods,with 23 cases in each group.The axial length(AL),changes in spherical diopter(SD)and anisometropia between the myopic eye and the control eye with orthokeratology lenses spectacles for unilateral myopia correction,and orthokeratology lenses for unilateral and binocular myopia were compared.Results There was no significant difference in baseline AL,SD or anisometropia between the two groups(P>0.05).One year after unilateral myopia correction,the increase of SD for the myopic eye in the orthokeratology lenses group was less than that in the spectacles group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the AL elongation of myopic eyes between the two groups(P>0.05);the elongation of AL for the control eyes in the orthokeratology lenses group was more than that in the spectacles group;the increase of SD for the myopic eyes in the orthokeratology lens group was lower than that in the spectacles group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the increase of SD for the control eyes between the two groups(P>0.05);the anisometropia of patients in the orthokeratology lenses group was less than that in the spectacles group(P<0.05).The biological parameters of the eyes before and after wearing orthokeratology lenses in the patients with monocular and binocular myopia in the orthokeratology lens group were compared,the elongation of AL for the myopic eyes with lens in one eye was less than that with lenses in both eyes(P<0.05),and the elongation of AL for the control eye was more than that with lenses in both eyes(P<0.05),the increases of SD in both myopic eyes and control eyes were more than those with lenses in both eyes(P<0.05),and the anisotropia was more than that with lenses in both eyes(P<0.05).Conclusion Orthokeratology lenses is better than spectacles in controlling the increase of myopia in low-to-moderate unilateral myopia,which can reduce anisometropia between eyes.However,the AL of the emmetropic eye increases rapidly during unilateral myopia correction by orthokeratology lenses,and the progression of binocular myopia can be significantly delayed after wearing orthokeratology lenses.

Comparison and related factors of suicide risk among patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.

Disease costs in inpatients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To evaluate direct and indirect costs for schizophrenia,major depressive disorder(MDD)and bipolar disorder,and to compare their differences of cost composition,and to explore the drivers of the total costs.Methods:A total of 3 175 inpatients with schizophrenia,MDD,and bipolar disorder were recruited.In-patient's self-report total direct of medical costs outpatient and inpatient,out-of-pocket costs,and direct non-medical costs were regarded as direct costs.Productivity loss and other loss caused by damaging properties were defined as indirect costs.The perspectives of this study included individual and societal levels.Multivariate regression analysis was applied for detecting the factors influencing disease costs.Results:The total cost of schizophrenia was higher than those of MDD and bipolar disorder at individual and societal levels.The indirect costs of three mental disorders were higher than the direct costs,and the indirect cost ratio of bipolar disorder was higher than those of schizophre-nia and MDD.Age,gender,working condition and marital status(P＜0.05)were the important drivers of total costs.Conclusion:The economic burden of the three mental disorders is relatively heavy.Schizophrenia has heaviest disease burden,and the productivity loss due to mental disorders is the driving force of the soaring disease cost

Clinical characteristics and related factors of patients with schizophrenia in different ages of onset / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between first-episode and relapse of major depressive disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare demographic characteristics,clinical characteristics,therapeutic characteris-tics and physiological indicators of patients with bipolar Ⅰ disorder and bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Methods:A total of 381 patients with bipolar disorder(BD)diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 th Edi-tion(DSM-5)were selected,including 302 patients with BD-Ⅰ(79.27％),74 patients with BD-Ⅱ(19.42％)and 5 patients with other specific and related disorders(1.31％).Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected with self-designed clinical information questionnaire.Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regres-sion analysis were used for analysis.Results:Compared with patients with BD-Ⅱ,patients with BD-Ⅰ had more risk to have psychotic features(OR=5.75,95％CI:2.82-11.76),longer disease duration,and more repeated transcra-nial magnetic therapy(OR=3.09,95％CI:1.02-9.35),higher uric acid,total cholesterol and high-density lipo-protein.BD-Ⅰ in Han nationality was more common(OR=11.50,95％CI:1.76-75.30),and had lower education level(OR=10.22,95％CI:1.16-89.77),and less family history of psychosis(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.01-5.42).Conclusion:There are significant differences between BD-Ⅰ and BD-Ⅱ in demographic and clinical charac-teristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators,which could provide clues for exploring the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.

Comparison of clinically relevant factors in bipolar disorder patients with different age of onset / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To compare clinical characteristics,treatment patterns and physiological indicators in bipolar disorder(BD)patients with different age of onset.Methods:Totally 380 patients with DSM-5 BD were se-lected in this study.Psychiatrists diagnosed the patients using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.The clinical information questionnaire and the Global Assessment of Functioning scale were utilized to collected clinical characteristics,treatment status,and physiological indicators.The onset age of BD was divided into 21 and 35 years as cut-off points.Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were used to analyze related factors.Results:Among the 380 patients with BD,199 cases were early-onset group(52.4％),121 cases were middle-onset group(31.8％),and 60 cases were late-onset group(15.8％).There were 26.6％of patients in the early-onset group in-itially diagnosed as depression,23.1％in the middle-onset group,and 11.7％in the late-onset group.Multivariate analysis revealed that compared to the early-onset group of BD,the middle-onset(OR=2.22)and late-onset(OR=4.99)groups had more risk to experience depressive episodes,and the late-onset group(OR=6.74)had 6.74 times of risk to suffer from bipolar Ⅱ disorder.Additionally,patients in the middle-onset(β=-1.52)and late-on-set(β=-4.29)groups had shorter durations of delayed treatment,and those in the middle-onset(β=-1.62)and late-onset(β=-3.14)groups had fewer hospitalizations.Uric acid levels were lower in both the middle-onset(β=-28.39)and late-onset(β=-31.47)groups,and total cholesterol level was lower in the middle-onset group(β=-0.23).Conclusion:Patients with BD in different age of onset show significant differences in clinical charac-teristics,treatment conditions and physiological indicators.

Reliability of a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme to assist screw placement for thoracolumbar fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the reliability of a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme in assistance of screw placement for thoracolumbar fractures.Methods:From January 2019 to March 2023, 52 patients with thoracolumbar fracture were treated at Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Liyang. They were 29 males and 23 females, with an age of (58.2±13.3) years. They were divided into a template group and a free-hand group according to the different screw placements. In the template group of 25 cases, a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme was used to assist the pedicle positioning; in the free-hand group of 27 cases, the free hand screw placement was assisted only by image data and C-arm fluoroscopy. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, intraoperative blood loss, complications, and placement accuracy were compared between the 2 groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra were compared between preoperation, 1 week postoperation, and the final follow-up, as well as between the 2 groups.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for (11.2±4.2) months. The differences were not statistically significant between the 2 groups in intraoperative blood loss, rate of complications, VAS or ODI at preoperation, 1 week postoperation, or the final follow-up, or in anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra ( P>0.05). In the template group, the operation time [(80.1±18.5) min] was significantly longer than that in the free-hand group [(69.4±16.6) min], the intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency [2 (2, 3) times] significantly lower than that in the free-hand group [3 (3, 4) times], and the placement accuracy [98.4% (127/129)] significantly higher than that in the free-hand group [91.8% (112/122)] (all P<0.05). All patients showed significant improvements in VAS, ODI and anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra at postoperative 1 week compared with the preoperative values, and the improvements at the last follow-up were significantly larger than those at postoperative 1 week ( P<0.05). No injury to the spinal cord, nerve root or blood vessel was observed postoperatively. Conclusions:In the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures, the screw placement assisted by a region-locked 3D-printed template combined with a bi-directional matching scheme is better than free-hand screw placement in terms of improved accuracy and reduced fluoroscopy, but the former incurs longer operative exposure than the latter. There is no significant difference between the 2 methods of screw placement in clinical efficacy.

Efficacy of esketamine combined with different doses of remimazolam for induction of general anesthesia in pediatric patients / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of esketamine combined with different doses of remimazolam for induction of general anesthesia in pediatric patients.Methods:One hundred and sixty pediatric patients of either sex, aged 3-6 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with body mass index of 13-20 kg/m 2, undergoing elective general anesthesia under a laryngeal mask, were divided into 4 groups ( n=40 each) by the random number table method: esketamine combined with propofol group (KP group) and esketamine combined with different doses of remimazolam group (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/kg) groups (KR1 group, KR2 group, KR3 group). Esketamine 0.8 mg/kg was intravenously injected in the preanesthesia room. After entering the operating room, propofol 2.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected in KP group, and remimazolam 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg/kg were intravenously injected in KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups, respectively. When the child lost consciousness and the Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score<1, sufentanil and mevacurium were intravenously injected. When the Modified Observer′s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale score≥1, rescue sedation was performed, and 3 min later the laryngeal mask airway was inserted. The onset time of sedation, response to laryngeal mask airway placement, rescue sedation, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, bucking, hiccup, injection pain and apnea were recorded, and the increase rate of perfusion index (PI) was calculated. Results:No response to laryngeal mask implantation occurred in the four groups. Compared with KP group, the onset time of sedation was significantly prolonged, the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, injection pain and apnea was decreased, the incidence of tachycardia was increased, and the increase rate of PI was decreased in KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups, and the rate of rescue sedation and incidence of bucking were increased in KR1 and KR2 groups ( P<0.05). Compared with KR1 group, the onset time of sedation was significantly shortened in KR2 group and KR3 group, and the rate of rescue sedation and incidence of bucking were decreased in KR3 group ( P<0.05). Compared with KR2 group, the onset time of sedation was significantly shortened, and the rate of rescue sedation was decreased in KR3 group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the increase rate of PI, hypotension, bradycardia, tachycardia, injection pain and apnea among KR1, KR2 and KR3 groups ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of hiccup among the four groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine 0.8 mg/kg combined with remimazolam 0.4 mg/kg can be safely and effectively used for anesthesia induction and has milder inhibition of respiration and circulation as compared with esketamine combined with propofol in pediatric patients.

Tubeless three-port versus conventional single utility port thoracoscopic surgery in the treatment of thymic tumors: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of totally no tube three-port thoracoscopic surgery (TNTT) for thymic tumor via lateral thoracic approach. Methods The clinical data of patients with thymoma admitted to the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from November 2021 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a TNTT group and a single utility port video-assisted thoracic surgery (SVATS) group according to different surgical methods. The clinical data were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 111 patients were collected. There were 44 patients in the TNTT group, including 20 males and 24 females, with an average age of 60.11±8.64 years, and 67 patients in the SVATS group, including 30 males and 37 females, with an average age of 62.40±7.92 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the baseline data (P>0.05). The postoperative hospital stay and intraoperative blood loss were shorter or less in the TNTT group (P<0.05), and the visual analogue scale score 48 hours after the operation was smaller in the SVATS group (P<0.05). Conclusion TNTT has a good surgical safety, and can shorten postoperative hospital stay, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and has significant advantages in enhanced recovery after surgery, but SVATS can reduce postoperative pain in patients.

Study on learning curve of Da Vinci robotic segmentectomy / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To analyze the learning curve of Da Vinci robotic segmentectomy. Methods Cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) was used to analyze the learning curve of Da Vinci robotic segmentectomy performed by the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from February 2018 to December 2020. The learning curve was obtained by fitting, and R2 was used to judge the goodness of fitting. The clinical data of patients in different stages of learning curve were compared and analyzed. Results The first 50 patients who received Da Vinci robotic segmentectomy were included, including 24 males and 26 females, with an average age of 61.9±10.6 years. The operation time decreased gradually with the accumulation of operation patients. The goodness of fitting coefficient reached the maximum value when R2=0.907 (P<0.001), CUSUM (n) =0.009×n3−0.953×n2+24.968×n−7.033 (n was the number of patients). The fitting curve achieved vertex crossing when the number of patients reached 17. Based on this, 50 patients were divided into two stages: a learning and improving stage and a mastering stage. There were statistical differences in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, number of lymph node dissection, postoperative catheter time, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the two stages (P<0.05). Conclusion It shows that the technical competency for assuring feasible perioperative outcomes can be achieved when the cumulative number of surgical patients reaches 17.

The Effects of the Laparoscopic and Open Surgery on the Postoperative Intestinal Function Recovery Time in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the effects of the laparoscopic surgery and open surgery on the postoperative intestinal function recovery time in elderly patients with colorectal cancer(CRC).Methods 66 elderly patients with CRC and treated in the 2nd People's Hospital of Kunming from January 2021to July 2022 were chosen and divided into the control group(n = 33)and the study group(n = 33)according to different operation ways.And the postoperative bowel function recovery time,radical,complications and surgical index were compared between the two groups.Results The recovery time of intestinal function in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in radical indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of complications in the study group was lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The operation time of the study group was longer than that of the control group and there was the statistically significant difference(P<0.05),while the bleeding was less than that of the control group and there was the statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the open surgery,laparoscopic surgery can more effectively shorten the recovery time of postoperative intestinal function,reduce the incidence of complications and intraoperative blood loss in elderly patients with CRC.Although there is no significant difference between two kinds of operation mode in terms of radical,it should be considered when it is applied in the specific operation time and other factors.

Analysis of cases of reinfection of past SARS-CoV-2 patients in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo identify the rate， population characteristics， and vaccination history of repeat infections among previously infected people in the current epidemic based on the rate of repeat infection and population characteristics of different mutant strains at different times in Pudong New Area of Shanghai， and to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of novel coronavirus repeat infections. MethodsA total of 9 250 investigated subjects were randomly selected from the new cases of asymptomatic infection and confirmed cases reported by Pudong New Area from March to May 2022. The investigation mainly focused on demographic characteristics， nucleic acid or antigen test results， and symptoms after infection. The repeat infection rates among different populations were compared， and logistic regression was used to analyze the impact of gender， age， and vaccination status on repeat infections. ResultsThe survey sample of 9 250 people had a response rate of 81.85%. There were 4 043 males （53.40%） and 3 528 females （46.60%）， with a median age of 34 years old （P25， P75： 7， 61）. The overall vaccine uptake rate was 59.44% （4 500/7 571）. In December of 2022， there were 563 cases of repeat infection， with an infection rate of 7.44%. The lowest rate of repeat infection was seen in the 3‒ year-old group （2.86%） and the highest rate in the 30‒ year-old group （12.42%）， with significant differences between different age groups. The repeated infection rate for those who had completed their vaccinations was significantly lower （6.57%） compared to those who had not （7.11%）. The age groups of 3‒ years， 70‒79 years， as well as individuals who completed full vaccination and received booster shots were protective factors against repeat infections. ConclusionThe overall rate of reinfection among the infected in Shanghai during the spring of 2022 was low in the outbreak of the Omicron variant， and the rate of reinfection in the 3‒ year-old group was significantly lower than in other age groups. Completing the full course of vaccination significantly reduces the risk of reinfection. Although the reinfection rate is high in individuals who received booster shots， it remains a mitigating factor compared to those who do not receive the vaccine. It is recommended to continue monitoring reinfections in key populations and further strengthen immunization efforts.

Epidemiological characteristics of new pneumoconiosis in Zigong City in 2018 - 2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of new occupational pneumoconiosis in Zigong City from 2018 to 2022, and to provide the basis for further prevention and treatment of local pneumoconiosis. Methods The information of newly diagnosed and reported cases of pneumoconiosis in Zigong City from 2018 to 2022 was collected through the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system, and the characteristics of the distribution of pneumoconiosis in three regions, the composition of diseases and the length of service of exposure to dust were analyzed. Results From 2018 to 2022, the top 3 newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis diseases in Zigong City were silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and asbestosis. Silicosis cases were mainly distributed in small and medium-sized employers, accounting for 81.41%. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis was mainly distributed in large and medium-sized employers, accounting for 97.24%. Asbestosis mainly distributed in large scale employers, accounting for 96.36%. There was significant difference in dust handling age of different scale employers (H=11.453, P<0.05). The median ages of silicosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis were 47.0 years, 52.0 years and 48.2 years, respectively. The median age of dust handling was 3.3 years, 22.0 years and 23.2 years, respectively. The age of onset of coal workers' pneumoconiosis was higher than that of silicosis and other pneumoconiosis (H=72.547, P<0.05), and the age of dust exposure of silicosis was shorter than that of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and other pneumoconiosis (H=10.453, P<0.05). Conclusion The current situation of pneumoconiosis in Zigong City is still severe, with obvious clustering in disease types and industries. Prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis in key industries should be further strengthened to protect the health rights and interests of workers.

Biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using cell-free extract of Xenorhabdus cabanillasii GU480990 and their potential mosquito larvicidal properties against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Nanomaterials are successful due to their numerous applications in various domains such as cancer treatment, environmental applications, drug and gene delivery. Selenium is a metalloid element with broad biological activities and low toxicity especially at the nanoscale. Several studies have shown that nanoparticles synthesized from microbial and plant extracts are effective against important pests and pathogens. This study describes the bio fabrication of selenium nanoparticles using cell free extract of Xenorhabdus cabanillasii (XC-SeNPs) and assessed their mosquito larvicidal properties. Crystallographic structure and size of XC-SeNPs were determined with UV-a spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Zeta potential and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The significant surface plasmon resonance at 275 nm indicated the synthesis of XC-SeNPs from the pure cell-free extract of X. cabanillasii. The XRD result exhibits the crystalline nature of XC-SeNPs. The Zeta potential analysis confirmed that the surface charge of XC-SeNPs was -24.17 mV. TEM analysis revealed that synthesized XC-SeNPs were monodispersed, spherically shaped, and sized about 80-200 nm range. In addition, the larvicidal potentials of the bio-fabricated XC-SeNPs were assessed against the 4th-instar Ae. aegypti. XC-SeNPs displayed a dose-dependent larvicidal effect; the larval mortality was 13.3 % at the minimum evaluated concentration and increased to 72 % at higher dose treatments. The LC50 and LC90 concentration of XC-SeNPs against mosquito larvae were 79.4 and 722.4 ppm, respectively.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level production of violaxanthin.

BACKGROUND: Xanthophylls are a large class of carotenoids that are found in a variety of organisms and play particularly important roles in the light-harvesting and photoprotection processes of plants and algae. Violaxanthin is an important plant-derived xanthophyll with wide potential applications in medicines, foods, and cosmetics because of its antioxidant activity and bright yellow color. To date, however, violaxanthins have not been produced using metabolically engineered microbes on a commercial scale. Metabolic engineering for microbial production of violaxanthin is hindered by inefficient synthesis pathway in the heterologous host. We systematically optimized the carotenoid chassis and improved the functional expression of key enzymes of violaxanthin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. RESULTS: Co-overexpression of crtY (encoding lycopene ß-cyclase), crtZ (encoding ß-carotene 3-hydroxylase), and ZEP (encoding zeaxanthin epoxidase) had a notable impact on their functions, resulting in the accumulation of intermediate products, specifically lycopene and ß-carotene. A chassis strain that did not accumulate the intermediate was optimized by several approaches. A promoter library was used to optimize the expression of crtY and crtZ. The resulting strain DZ12 produced zeaxanthin without intermediates. The expression of ZEP was further systematically optimized by using DZ12 as the chassis host. By using a low copy number plasmid and a modified dithiol/disulfide system, and by co-expressing a full electron transport chain, we generated a strain producing violaxanthin at about 25.28 ± 3.94 mg/g dry cell weight with decreased byproduct accumulation. CONCLUSION: We developed an efficient metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strain capable of producing a large amount of violaxanthin. This is the first report of a metabolically engineered microbial platform that could be used for the commercial production of violaxanthin.

Antidiabetic potential of Gymnemic acid mediated gold nanoparticles (Gym@AuNPs) on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats-An implication on in vivo approach.

Gymnemic acid is glycosides of triterpene with recognized and valuable applications for several chronic diseases, mainly diabetics. Despite this, it requires a delivery system in order to range its therapeutic target due to its limited solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, the Gymnemic acid mediated gold nanoparticles (Gym@AuNPs) was synthesised by eco-friendly approach. The synthesised Gym@AuNPs was confirmed by the colour change from light yellow to a deep ruby red. UV - visible spectroscopy results showed a strong narrow peak at 530 nm, confirming the controlled synthesis of monodispersed Gym@AuNPs. The reduction potential of standard Gymnemic acid (Gym) on synthesis of Gym@AuNPs was confirmed by using HPLC analysis. The spherical shaped Gym@AuNPs was observed by FESEM and HR-TEM studies with average size of 48.52 ± 5.53 nm. The XRD analysis exhibited a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline nature of Gym@AuNPs. The in vivo antidiabetic activity of Gym and Gym@AuNPs were validated using Streptozotocin induced diabetic Albino wistar rats. The Gym@AuNPs and Gym were regulates the glucose and lipid levels in experimental animals. The histopathology outcomes shown that the Gym@AuNPs were restoration of pancreatic islets cells in the animals. This investigation demonstrated that the Gym@AuNPs had the potential anti-diabetic properties.

Long-Term Impact of Domestic Violence on Individuals-An Empirical Study Based on Education, Health and Life Satisfaction.

This paper takes the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) as a sample to assess the long-term impacts of domestic violence experienced in childhood on individuals. First, from the four dimensions of injury from violence, negligent care, emotional abuse and witness to domestic violence, an indicator system for quantifying domestic violence is constructed. Second, the simultaneous equation of self-evaluation health and life satisfaction is estimated by the seemingly unrelated regression model. Starting with education, health and life satisfaction, the long-term impact of domestic violence experiences on individuals is quantitatively assessed, providing empirical evidence for preventing and curing domestic violence and healing trauma. The empirical research shows the following: (1) An experience of domestic violence significantly reduces educational achievements. Compared with the three dimensions of injury from violence, negligent care and witnessing domestic violence, emotional abuse has the greatest negative impact on educational achievements. (2) Domestic violence significantly reduces the self-assessed health level and life satisfaction and increases the subjective mental health risk. Based on the complexity and concealment of domestic violence, combined with empirical research conclusions, this paper proposes countermeasures to prevent and control domestic violence.

Global trends of Vaccinia oncolytic virus therapy over the past two decades: Bibliometric and visual analysis.

Background: In recent years, the vaccinia oncolytic virus has entered the clinical trial stage of examination and shown good progress. It has many advantages, such as good safety, high oncolytic efficiency, and the regulation ability of the tumor microenvironment, and is expected to be successfully used in the clinical treatment of tumors in the future. However, no bibliometric analysis has so far been performed that generalizes horizontally across this field. Therefore, this study aims to assess the research status and trends in this field from a global perspective to help guide future research priorities. Methods: In this study, the literature related to vaccinia oncolytic virus published in English on Web of Science from 2002 to 2022 was retrieved, and the bibliometric indicators were analyzed using the Histcite. Pro 2.0 tool, while VOSviewer was used to visualize the research trends and hotspots in this field. Results: In total, 408 related studies were included. In the past 20 years, the number of related publications in this field has increased year by year, and breakthroughs were made in this field in 2008 and 2013. The research has grown rapidly since 2008, and will likely continue to expand in the years to come. The United States plays a leading role in this area. "MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS", "MOLECULAR THERAPY" and "JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE" are core journals that publish high-quality literature on the latest advances in the field. Some authors with numerous high-quality publications include Bell JC and Szalay AA. At present, the research hotspot in this field focus on the clinical application of vaccinia oncolytic virus. Conclusion: Overall, the number of vaccinia oncolytic virus-related studies is growing rapidly, in relation to which the United States is the most influential country. The clinical application of vaccinia oncolytic virus will affect the crucial development of future research.