[Several hormonal indices during hemofiltration in patients with acute kidney failure]. / Nekotorye gormonal'nye pokazateli pri gemofil'tratsii u bol'nykh s ostroi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

AIM: To study hormonal aspects of hemofiltration (HF) in acute renal failure (ARF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hydrocortisone (HC), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), TSH, thyrocalcitonine (TC), PTH, insulin (I), C-peptide (CP), STH, beta-endorphine (BE) were examined for plasma content, elimination with filtrate, sifting rate, filtration clearance in 29 patients with oliguric ARF (18 males and 11 females) aged 12-62 years. 19 patients underwent intermittent HF (rate 145.2 +/- 9.2/27-260/ml/min, volume 1.02 +/- 0.20/0.45-1.43/). 10 patients received continuous HF (rate 25.9 +/- 2.3 l/day or 0.36 +/- 0.05/0.17-0.95/). The hormones were measured with radioimmunoassay. The results were processed with variate statistics using Student's criterium. RESULTS: Oliguria was associated with high plasma levels of HC, PTH, TC, I, CP; normal levels of TSH and STH, low ones of T4, T3 and BE. Intermittent HF led to an increased plasma concentrations of HC, T4, I, CP, decreased one of PTH, while TC, TSH, STH and T3 remained unchanged. The filtration rate of the hormones was different. The elimination was greatest for HC, T4, T3, BE. Concentration of the former three in the filtrate surpassed that in blood plasma. CONCLUSION: Besides intensive elimination of the hormones with low molecular mass (HC, T4, T3), HF causes elimination of appreciable quantities of BE, PTH, I, CT and, probably, other peptide hormones. Plasma levels of hormones did not reflect their elimination with filtrate.

[Evaluation of the prognostic value of endocrine stress disturbances in patients with disseminated peritonitis]. / Otsenka prognosticheskogo znacheniia éndokrinnykh stressovykh narushenii u bol'nykh razlitym peritonitom.

The following endocrine disturbances observed in the early postoperative period are prognostically unfavourable: persisted high blood hydrocortisone level, decreased thyroid hormone, especially T-3, values, damaged negative feedback between T-3 and TTH, decreased leucine-enkephalin blood immunoreactivity. The loss of correlation between hydrocortisone and ACTH, T-3 and TTH, insulin and glucose blood levels, as well as close correlation between hydrocortisone and insulin, hydrocortisone and glucose levels and an abrupt increase in hydrocortisone/insulin, hydrocortisone/STH, hydrocortisone/T-3 and hydrocortisone/T-4 ratios have the same predictive value.

[Hypermyoglobinemia in ischemic heart disease]. / Issledovanie gipermioglobinemii pri ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa.

Serial blood measurements of myoglobin (MG) revealed a common trend of change in acute macro- and microfocal myocardial infarction, focal myocardial dystrophy, angina of effort and angina at rest as well as unstable angina. Differences in myoglobinemic parameters (MG peak level, increment rate, normalization time) between different clinical variants of CHD are quantitative. It is suggested that there is an intravital relationship between each of the examined clinical variants, in their acute phase, and a specific equivalent of an acute myocardial ischemic damage focus, as shown by the degree of hypermyoglobinemia.

[Effect of dalargin on the content of endorphins, leucine-enkephalin ACTH and corticosterone of the blood of stressed rats]. / Vliianie dalargina na soderzhanie v krovi stressirovannykh krys éndorfinov, letsin-énkefalina, AKTG i kortikosterona.

Stress caused by acute cysteamine duodenal ulcer was induced in Wistar male rats. All the endogenous opioides under study were involved in the stress-reaction mechanism. Protective dalargin (synthetic enkephalin analogue) administration revealed a tendency towards normalization of endorphin, L-enkephalin and ACTH blood levels.

[Concentration of hormones in the blood of patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period and the effect of hemosorption]. / Kontsentratsiia gormonov v krovi liudei s zabolevaniiami zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta v posleoperationnom periode i vliianie na nee gemosorbtsii.

Concentrations of cortisol, renin, insulin, thyrocalcitonin were increased and those of triiodothyronine and testosterone were decreased within 1-2 days of a postoperative period. The degree of impairment of content of the hormones correlated with severity of the disease (the most distinct alterations were noted in fatal outcome). Normalization of the hormonal patterns within the first week indicated the favourable course of the disease. In generalized pyoperitoneum a number of hormones wer eliminated from blood after haemosorption: cortisol, aldosterone, triiodothyronine, dehydroepiandrosterone, insulin, thyrotropic hormone, testosterone. The content of adrenal gland hormones was rapidly restored. Other hormones (insulin, thyrotropic hormone, testosterone) apparently had to be administered in the course of therapy. Increases in renin activity, in content of blood somatotropin and thyrocalcitonin appear to be adaptive reactions in response to elimination during haemosorption of a number of biologically active substances.

[Various hormonal and metabolic disorders in liver cytosol during compensated and decompensated experimental stress]. / O nekotorykh gormonal'nykh i metabolicheskikh narusheniiakh v tsitozole pecheni pri kompensirovannom i dekompensirovannom techenii éksperimental'nogo stressa.

Alterations of glucocorticoid-receptor interactions in liver cytosol and their importance in cell metabolic impairments were studied under various conditions of experimental stress. The experimental stress caused by acute peritonitis developed in rat males of Wistar strain. The alterations in steroid-receptor interactions, observed in liver cells under the stress conditions, might be responsible for adaptation of the cells and affect distinctly the metabolic reactions, inhibiting the early exhaustion of energy substrates in a cell (the stress compensated form). In severe stress reaction an excess of endogenous corticosterone, accumulated in hepatocyte cytosol, might deteriorate the cell metabolism by means of hormonal-receptor system, as a result of which exhaustion of energy potential led to death (decompensated form of the stress).

[Glucocorticoid receptors and metabolic disorders of the liver and heart following immobilization]. / Gliukokortikoidnye retseptory i metabolicheskie narusheniia v pecheni i serdtse pri immobilizatsii.

A model of the immobilization stress aided to study the main characteristics of dexametasone-binding and transcortin-like receptors in the liver and heart cytosol, the level of endogenous corticosterone, induction of the glucocorticoid--dependent liver enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase (TATF), and amount of a number of metabolites. The study revealed disturbances of the receptor binding and cellular metabolism during the stress. A sharp increase of endogenous glucocorticoids in blood and tissues along with inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor binding in organs and of the TATF activity, exhaustion of cellular contents of glucose and cholesterine, a decrease in the protein amount, increasing level of urine in blood and tissues as well as a considerable hyposodiumemia indicate transition of the stress from the compensated phase into the decompensated one.

[Specific glucocorticoid receptor in human liver cytosol]. / Spetsificheskii retseptor gliukokortikoidov v tsitozole pecheni cheloveka.

Specific cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors were isolated from biopsy material of liver tissue, obtained after operation of the patients with chronic impairment of bili ferous tract or from the patients with ulcerous disease of stomach within the stage of remission. The receptors isolated were saturated with dexamethasone; the dissociation constant value (Kdiss) of the complex was 1.37 10(-8) M and the amount of binding sites (n) was 1.96 10(-14) mol/mg of protein as calculated from a Scatchards' plot. Dexamethasone, corticosterol, hydrocortisone and deoxycorticosterol exhibited the highest competition for the binding sites of the receptor. The receptor of human liver studied was similar in its main properties to the dexamethasone-binding receptor from liver tissue of experimental animals.

Changes in sympatho-adrenal and kallikrein-kinin systems in the terminal stage of extensive myocardial infarction.

Fifty patients with acute extensive myocardial infarction, with unfavourable course, were continuously survelled from the beginning of the disease till the terminal stage with the aim to study the interdependences between changes in the sympatho-adrenal and kallikrein-kinin systems in blood. The blood levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined fluorometrically. The activity of the kallikrein-kinin system was estimated on the basis of three components: spontaneous esterase activity, prekallikrein activity, and kallikrein inhibitor activity in blood. Within the first six hours all patients had significantly elevated adrenaline and increased activity of the kallikrein-kinin system in blood. At 24h before death and during the terminal stage, in patients with acute heart failure and those with cardiogenic shock the adrenaline level gradually rose, and in patients with myocardial rupture the noradrenaline level increased. The activity of the kallikrein-kinin system remained elevated throughout the follow-up period. The application of findings as diagnostic and prognostic criteria in myocardial infarction is suggested.

[Evaluation of the adrenal cortex function in patients with acute myocardial infarct by means of radioisotope micromethods]. / Otsenka funktsional'nogo sostoianiia kory nadpochechnikov u bol'nykh ostrym infarktom miokarda s ispol'zovaniem radioizotopnykh

Employing modern radio-isotope techniques of hormone examinations (that of competitive protein binding for hydrocortisone determinations, and the radioimmunoassay for progesterone and aldosterone determinations in the peripheral blood), 102 patients with acute myocardial infarction were examined. It is concluded that a comprehence study of the functional state of the adrenals in patients with myocardial infarction with the employment of radio-isotope techniques will permit to reveal some additional mechanisms of the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and its complications, and to be guided in the choice of rational therapy.

[Various indicators of the kinin and sympathico-adrenal systems in patients with recurrent myocardial infarct]. / Nekotorye pokazateli kininovoi i simpatiko-adrenalovoi sistem u bol'nykh povtornym infarktom miokarda

The interrelationship between the kinin and sympathoadrenal systems of blood was studied in 45 patients with repeated myocardial infarctions of different clinical course. Complicated repeated infarctions with rhythm disorders, cardiac asthma, pulmonary oedema, cardiogenic shock were accompanied by a more distinct elevation of the blood catecholamines level and the kinin system activity, than the non-complicated ones. The changes in the activity of the kinin and sympathoadrenal systems were found to parallel each other. Some diagnostic and more promising prognostic importance of the determined parameters was revealed.