[Advantages of dose calculation by the Monte Carlo method for the treatment of patients with lung, and head and neck tumors with the robotic system CyberKnife ].

This paper analyzes the recalculation of plans for the exposure of patients with tumors of the lung, head and neck by the Monte Carlo method. There are presented the results of calculations with understating the dose by 29% when using the algorithm Ray-Tracing. It is proposed mandatory recalculation of dose by Monte Carlo method in planning exposure for patients with tumors of the lung and head and neck tumors to eliminate significant systematic errors in the values of input dose.

[The significance of dynamic ultrasound study in the choice of the treatment strategies of patients with pancreatic necrosis]. / Znachenie dinamicheskogo ultrazvukovogo issledovaniia v vybore taktiki lecheniia bol'nykh s pankreonekrozom.

The results of examination and treatment of 18 patients with pancreonecrosis were analysed. If the liquoric formation was revealed in retroperitoneal space according to the ultrasonic investigation data obtained the puncture of it was performed with its content aspiration conduction and further bacteriological investigation of punctate. The diagnosin of wide, with lowered echogenicity, "nonhomogeneous" zones in retroperitoneal space trusted the purulent-septic complications occurrence.

[Evaluation of severity of the state of patients with peritonitis by the modified APACHE II system]. / Otsenka tiazhesti sostoianiia bol'nykh s peritonitom s ispol'zovaniem modifitsirovannoi sistemy APACHE II.

According to the APACHE II modified method 201 patient with an acute peritonitis was examined using the results of investigations available during the first 30 min after hospitalization of patient. Veritable differences of the modified APACHE II indexes were established in patients with local and diffuse peritonitis in dead and survived patients and in those who died in the first day and later after hospitalization.

[Reoperations in patients with pyloroduodenal ulcers]. / Povtornye operatsii u bol'nykh piloroduodenal'nymi iazvami.

From analysis of the results of treatment of 35 patients who underwent previously unsuccessful operations for pyloroduodenal ulcers, the authors discuss the term and the most adequate method of surgical correction. Poor results in the early period after the operation are mainly due to technical errors made during the performance of the first operation. Affection of organs adjacent to the stomach prevail in the later periods. The use of methods of surgical correction suggested by the authors made it possible to achieve adequate medical, social, and occupational rehabilitation in 26 patients.

[Surgical treatment of biliary cyst]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie biliarnoi kisty.

The experience with surgical treatment of 21 patients with a biliary cyst who underwent 25 operations has been analysed. The authors came to a conclusion about unexpediency to use the walls of a cyst in creation of the cystodigestive anastomosis. The operations with complete removal of the cystic wall are recommended.

[Bleeding from acute gastric and intestinal ulcers in surgical treatment of cholecystitis]. / Krovotechenie iz ostrykh iazv zheludka i kishechnika pri khirurgicheskom lechenii kholetsistita.

The experience with treatment of 33 patients who developed hemorrhage from acute ulcers of the alimentary canal at the early period after cholecystectomy has been analysed. The clinical, biochemical and instrumental criteria of likelihood of the development of such a complication have been established. The methods for its prevention and treatment with the use of the techniques developed by the authors, which permitted to reduce the incidence of this complication from 13.7 to 6.9%, are described.

[Analysis of mortality in benign diseases of the organs of the hepato-pancreato-biliary region and the ways of its reduction]. / Analiz letal'nosti pri dobrokachestvennykh zabolevaniiakh organov gepatopankreatobiliarnoi zony i puti ee znizheniia.

The case records and autopsy protocols of 34 patients, who died from benign diseases of the hepato-pancreato-biliary organs have been analysed. It is concluded that of main importance in the ++thanatogenesis are the following factors: shortcomings in the system of prophylactic medical examination, diagnostic and tactical errors made at prehospital stage of treatment and in a hospital, high incidence of concomitant diseases, late admission to a hospital, elderly and senile age of the majority of patients. A question about importance of the main and competitive causes of death is discussed.

[Endoscopic papillotomy in patients with post-cholecystectomy syndrome]. / Endoskopicheskaia papillotomiia u bol'nykh s postkholetsist- éktomicheskim sindromom.

In benign stenosis of the major duodenal papilla, choledocholithiasis and their combination, the performance of endoscopic papillotomy permitted in 89.4% of the 113 patients to avoid the repeated operative intervention. Complications developed in 5.3% of patients, the postoperative lethality was 0.8%.

[Several problems of surgical treatment in acute biliary pancreatitis]. / Nekotorye voprosy khirurgicheskogo lecheniia ostrogo biliarnogo pankreatita.

The authors used in 39 patients with the intact gallbladder and after previously performed cholecystectomy the therapeutical tactics developed on the basis of consideration of the peculiarities of clinical course of acute biliary pancreatitis, and as well the original methods of treatment (auriculotherapy, selective hepatic vagotomy). This permitted to achieve the reduction in incidence of complications down to 11.5%, lethality--to 2.8%.