RESUMO
Presented in the article is a clinical case report concerning a 41-year-old female patient with atresia of the first segment of the subclavian artery without combination with other defects and developmental disorders. Described are the process of making the diagnosis and the course of the operative intervention performed, i.e. carotid-subclavian bypass grafting. This is followed by assessing the early postoperative period and immediate therapeutic results.
Assuntos
Artéria Subclávia , Enxerto Vascular/métodos , Malformações Vasculares , Adulto , Angiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Isquemia/etiologia , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Artéria Subclávia/anormalidades , Artéria Subclávia/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Subclávia/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Extremidade Superior/irrigação sanguínea , Extremidade Superior/fisiopatologia , Malformações Vasculares/diagnóstico , Malformações Vasculares/fisiopatologia , Malformações Vasculares/cirurgia , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/etiologia , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Effects, both specific and non-specific, were analysed of ionizing radiation in a comparative evaluation of medical sequels of the Chernobyl disaster and of the Semipalatinsk Range nuclear test. A hypothesis is advanced assuming that development of all major bodily morbid conditions is directly related to the dysfunction of certain complex of organs, the thyroid gland in the first place, the thymus gland known to be a central organ of systemic immunogenesis. A breach in the thymus link triggers harmful cascade reactions of neuroimmunoendocrinological regulation, appeared to be responsible for the pathogenesis of practically all pathologies disclosed.
Assuntos
Lesões por Radiação/imunologia , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Guerra Nuclear , Centrais Elétricas , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Lesões por Radiação/genética , Fatores de Risco , U.R.S.S. , UcrâniaRESUMO
The characteristics of the contamination resulting from the Chernobyl accident are defined, as a basis for epidemiological investigations. Due to loss of integrity of the nuclear fuel and thermal buoyancy from fire and nuclear heating, a large quantity of radioisotopes were released over a period of up to 16 days. The areas affected were very large, 37 million hectares in Ukraine alone. About 5 million persons were affected in one way or another, over 2 million of them in Ukraine. For registration and follow-up of health consequences from the accident, 4 main groups were distinguished, namely: (1) the participants in the containment of the accident and its cleanup ("liquidators"); (2) evacuees; (3) residents of contaminated areas; and (4) children born to parents with significant radiation exposure. Registration and epidemiological follow-up in the former USSR and the three republics afterwards are presented with an emphasis on Ukraine. Considering the long incubation times for some of the expected illnesses and relatively low average doses, the difficulties of confirming significant effects become evident. For example leucosis morbidity among cleanup personnel within a 30 km zone around the accident was 3.4 per 100,000 before the accident and 7 per 100,000 afterwards. The question of the statistical significance of such numbers is discussed by the authors, in the context of confounding factors. For some of the observed effects it has already been established that stress and anxiety caused by the accident and living conditions in the affected areas are the principal cause rather than radiation. According to the authors, more detailed retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies are needed in the future, in order to clarify the causes of observed health effects.
