Neutrophils and NADPH Oxidases Are Major Contributors to Mild but Not Severe Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury in Mice.

Upregulation of free radical-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and neutrophil infiltration-induced, NOX2-mediated respiratory burst contribute to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but their roles may depend on the severity of IRI. We investigated the role of NOX, XOR, and neutrophils in developing IRI of various severities. C57BL/6 and Mcl-1ΔMyelo neutrophil-deficient mice were used. Oxidases were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) or pharmacologically inhibited. Kidney function, morphology, immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression were assessed. After reperfusion, the expression of NOX enzymes and XOR increased until 6 h and from 15 h, respectively, while neutrophil infiltration was prominent from 3 h. NOX4 and XOR silencing or pharmacological XOR inhibition did not protect the kidney from IRI. Attenuation of NOX enzyme-induced oxidative stress by apocynin and neutrophil deficiency improved kidney function and ameliorated morphological damage after mild but not moderate/severe IRI. The IR-induced postischemic renal functional impairment (BUN, Lcn-2), tubular necrosis score, inflammation (TNF-α, F4/80), and decreases in the antioxidant enzyme (GPx3) mRNA expression were attenuated by both apocynin and neutrophil deficiency. Inhibition of NOX enzyme-induced oxidative stress or the lack of infiltration by NOX2-expressing neutrophils can attenuate reperfusion injury after mild but not moderate/severe renal IR.

#Erasmus+ ­ or surgical research, development and innovation at the Department of Surgical Research and Techniques at Semmelweis University / #Erasmus+ - avagy sebészeti kutatás-fejlesztés és innováció a Semmelweis Egyetem Kísérletes és Sebészeti Mutéttani Tanszékén

The European Union is earmarking more and more resources each cycle to support research, development and innovation, and the projects set up by the working groups are helping to develop innovative solutions to reflecting societal issues of today. Since 2014, the Department of Surgical Research and Techniques of the Cardiovascular Center at Semmelweis University has been participating in international consortia supported by the Erasmus+ programme, which aim to modernise the teaching methodology of surgical training and to integrate IT technology into the training of surgical residents at pan-European level. This paper briefly summarises the international projects in which the Department has been involved over the last 7 years.

Peritoneum, the multifunctional membrane / Peritoneum, a multifunkcionális hártya

Introduction: Not only atraumatic surgical technique, precise bleeding control, removal foreign materials from the abdomen, but also avoiding desiccation or mechanical damage of peritoneal surface at abdominal surgery mean today evidence based expectation. Peritoneum with its extensive surface and special histological structure represents an important factor in normal physiological processes, furthermore as "Guard of abdomen" it has an important role to localise inflammatory reactions, useful as dialysing surface and provides also possibility for hyperthermic abdominal chemotherapy in tumour treatment. Largest part of peritoneal sac covers small intestine and colon. To prevent postoperative complications it is necessary to avoid desiccation of intestinal tract at laparoscopic and at open procedures as well ­ consequently "rehyration" is a routine recommendation today. Desiccation of intestinal tract results postoperative adhesions, furthermore damage of serosa will increase permeability of intestine wall and can result perforation. All the surgical recommendations suggest keeping intestine moist, whereas there are only a few real studies in surgical literature to support or to deny this theory. Our study reviews the pathophysiological and surgical respects of this situation and summarizes the results of latest researches of combined functions of peritoneum.