RESUMO
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that is heterogeneous with respect to its causative molecular abnormalities and the treatment response of patients. The Bcl-2 protein family is critical for myeloma cell survival. ABT-737 is a cell-permeant compound that binds to Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) but not to Mcl-1. Using a myeloma cell line collection (n = 25) representative of different molecular translocations, we showed that ABT-737 effectively kills a subset of cell lines (n = 6), with a median lethal dose ranging from 7 ± 0.4 nM to 150 ± 7.5 nM. Of interest, all sensitive cell lines harbored a t(11;14). We demonstrated that ABT-737-sensitive and ABT-737-resistant cell lines could be differentiated by the BCL2/MCL1 expression ratio. A screen of a public expression database of myeloma patients indicates that the BCL2/MCL1 ratio of t(11;14) and hyperdiploid patients was significantly higher than in all other groups (P < .001). ABT-737 first induced the disruption of Bcl-2/Bax, Bcl-2/Bik, or Bcl-2/Puma complexes, followed by the disruption of Bcl-2 heterodimers with Bak and Bim. Altogether, the identification of a subset of cell lines and primary cells effectively killed by ABT-737 alone supported the evaluation of ABT-263, an orally active counterpart to ABT-737, for the treatment of t(11;14) and hyperdiploid groups of myeloma harboring a Bcl-2(high)/Mcl-1(low) profile.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos de Bifenilo/uso terapêutico , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Nitrofenóis/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclina D1/metabolismo , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides , Nitrofenóis/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
PURPOSE: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is considered to be incurable. ABT-737 is a BH3 mimetic that targets Bcl-2, which is overexpressed in MCL and implicated in drug resistance. The present work investigated the antitumor effect of ABT-737. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Six MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells (n = 13) were used. Sensitivity to ABT-737 was assessed, and expression levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 were analyzed. Finally, ABT-737 was combined with other cytotoxic agents to promote tailored therapy. RESULTS: MINO and GRANTA-519 cell lines were highly sensitive to ABT-737 [the median lethal dose (LD50) = 20 and 80 nmol/L, respectively], whereas other cell lines were resistant. In primary MCL cells, 46% of patients' samples were sensitive to ABT-737. The analysis of protein expression levels revealed that both sensitive cell lines and primary MCL cells could be characterized by a Bcl-2(high)/Mcl-1(low) profile, whereas resistant MCL cells contained high levels of Mcl-1. ABT-737 induced a rapid disruption of both Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-2/Bik complexes. In addition, silencing of Mcl-1 by siRNA sensitized MCL cell lines to ABT-737. Similarly, flavopiridol, which induces Mcl-1 downregulation, in combination with ABT-737 led to a synergistic anti-MCL effect in ABT-737-resistant cell lines. This synergy was also observed when ABT-737 was combined with either bortezomib or cytarabine. CONCLUSIONS: The present work shows that ABT-737 induces strong apoptosis in MCL cells expressing a Bcl-2(high)/Mcl-1(low) profile. In ABT-737-resistant MCL cells, downregulation of Mcl-1 overcomes Mcl-1-induced resistance and synergizes ABT-737 effects. Our results strongly support the use of ABT-737 according to the Bcl-2/Mcl-1 tumor cell profiles in the treatment of MCL.
