Doppler study of the peripheral flows in early gestation.

The aim of this study was to determine the first trimester human peripheral arterial and venous blood flow between 5 - 10 weeks of gestation. Two hundred twenty four women with singleton, uncomplicated pregnancies were prospectively studied with transvaginal ultrasound. Ductus venosus, umbilical artery waveforms and pulsatility indexes (PI) were assessed as well as the waveform of the umbilical vein and the mean velocity (V(mean)) of the umbilical artery flow. The heart rate was also obtained and analyzed. The fetal heart rate showed a positive correlation with increasing gestational age R=0.76 (p<0.000001). Recordings from the umbilical artery, umbilical vein and ductus venosus were obtained starting from 7 weeks of gestation. The signal from the ductus venosus presented always as antegrade flow during atrial contractions. The pulsatility index (PI) of DV as well as PI of the umbilical artery remained unchanged during the study (statistically non-significant). The umbilical artery, using Doppler tracing was investigated and an absent diastolic flow was documented in every case. Umbilical artery V(mean) increased from 3.8 + 0.32 cm/s to 9.0 + 0.21 cm/s from 7 to 10 weeks of gestation (p< 0.005). Recordings from the umbilical vein showed the pulsation during atrial contractions. Ductus venosus blood velocity and waveform patterns did not change significantly during the study period. Pulsation in the umbilical vein is a typical Doppler finding at the embryonic time. Placental volume blood flow increased significantly with no change in the placental vascular impedance.

Application of planar chromatography to the determination of cotinine in urine of active and passive smoking pregnant women.

A quick and economical method for the determination of nicotine and its main metabolite-cotinine in urine from smoking and passively smoking pregnant women is proposed using TLC-densitometry. Chromatographic separations were performed on the plates coated with silica gel bound with C-18 alkyl chains. Chromatograms were developed using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (88 + 12, v/v) in a horizontal chamber. Visualization was carried out under UV illumination at lambda = 254 nm and then cotinine was quantified by the use of densitometer in reflectance mode at lambda = 260 nm. Nicotine was identified after derivatization with Dragendorff reagent under visible light. The results of nicotine and cotinine analysis were verified by questionnaires obtained from pregnant women according to their age and smoking status correlated with spontaneous abortion frequency and child death rate.

[Concentration of oxidized cholesterol forms in normal and gestational diabetic pregnancy]. / Stezenie utlenowanych pochodnych cholesterolu u kobiet ciezarnych z cukrzyca ciazowa.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to examine, if gestational diabetes mellitus had influence on cholesterol oxidation processes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examined patients were divided into two groups: 35 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and 24 health pregnant women. Oxycholesterols were estimated by thin layer chromatography. RESULTS: Among substances examined in our study we stated considerable levels of 5 alpha,6 alpha-epoxycholesterol and 5 beta,6 beta-epoxycholesterol: average 3.28 micrograms/ml for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 4.03 micrograms/ml for control group. Besides we obtained statistically important increase of 7-hydroxycholesterols concentration and epoxycholesterols sum level at third trimester of pregnancy in comparison with values for the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS: Obtained results suggest that in pregnancy cholesterol oxidation processes are intensified, especially at the third trimester. The authors thing, that oxycholesterols can be valuable supplement examined biochemical markers at different states of pregnant pathology.

[Influence of tobacco smoking on the sum epoxycholesterols levels in serum of pregnant women with diabetes]. / Wplyw palenia tytoniu na poziom sumy epoksycholesteroli w surowicy kobiet ciezarnych z cukrzyca.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to estimate concentration of epoxycholesterols sum (5 alpha,6 alpha and 5 beta,6 beta) in groups of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus and/or PIH, who had been exposed to tobacco smoke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examined patients were divided into the following groups: 35 patients with gestational diabetes, 25 patients with diabetes mellitus, 17 patients with gestational diabetes coexisting with PIH. The control group consist with 24 health pregnant women. Epoxycholesterols were estimated by thin layer chromatography. RESULTS: We stated exact relationship between sum of epoxycholesterols and degree of exposition to tobacco smoke in group of patients with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus. In group of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus coexisting with PIH we didn't find statistically important differences in concentrations of examined value, although it was on permanently high level. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded, that free oxygen radicals enclosed in tobacco smoke catalyzed processes of cholesterol oxygenation in pregnant women bodies. Besides we stated, that increased levels of epoxycholesterols cold be one of the factors responsible for PIH. Our results indicate to need of further studies possible part of oxycholesterols in prenatal pathology.

[The results of prenatal treatment of fetal hemolytic disease in clinic material]. / Wyniki opieki perinatalnej nad ciezarna z konfliktem serologicznym w materiale klinicznym.

Authors analysed results of prenatal treatment of 68 cases of fetal haemolytic disease in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Bytom in the years 1994-1999. We evaluated a clinic value of umbilical vessels punctures and intrauterine intra-vessel transfusions as a basic methods of treatment of this disease. In the analysis we took into consideration frequency of complications, character of complications and condition of neonates. The most important in the treatment of fetal haemolytic disease are early diagnostics and treatment procedures performed in the appropriate prepared Centres.

[Perinatal outcome in multiple pregnancy after natural reproduction and ART techniques]. / Wyniki perinatalne w ciazy wieloplodowej po rozrodzie naturalnym i technikach ART.

In this study we analysed occurrence of multifetal pregnancy in groups of patients after natural reproduction and after using ART between 1991-1998 in clinical material. We showed the most important complications during pregnancy, occurrence of TTTS, percentage of prematurity, percentage and indications to caesarean sections. We found that above-mentioned manifestations of perinatal care were comparable with reports of Polish and foreign authors.

[Results of six-years-term perinatal care of diabetic woman in Silesia district]. / Wyniki szescioletniej opieki perinatalnej nad ciezarna z cukrzyca w makroregionie slaskim.

Authors had retrospectively analyzed basic exponents of perinatal care of 256 pregnant diabetic woman in years 1993-1998 hospitalized and delivered in Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the town of Bytom. Our results were very similar to the other of Referent Centres Of Technical Methods Bank Used in Diagnostic and Therapy of Diabetes: cesarean sections percentage 51.56%, 4.7% of undelivered pregnancies, 2.34% of new-born delivered with multiple congenital defaults, 17.2% of macrosomies and 39.8% pre-term deliveries were noted. Disadvantage perinatal effects in diabetic women might be reduced by very early diagnosis of diabetic and intensive biophysical and biochemical fetal care, which is strongly suggests by the authors.

[The estimation of L-ascorbic acid serum concentration and selected parameters of metabolism of serum lipids in pregnant women with diabetes]. / Ocena stezen kwasu L-askorbinowego oraz wybranych parametrów gospodarki lipidowej we krwi kobiet ciezarnych z cukrzyca.

Diabetes during pregnancy is a pathological state causing many metabolic disorders, not only in carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of the study was to estimate the changes of lipids metabolism and changes of L-ascorbic acid serum concentration in pregnancy complicated by diabetes. In tested groups values of lipids metabolism parameters were lower in diabetic group compared to control group. The lowest mean values of concentration of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were found in gestational diabetes group, while the lowest mean value of HDL cholesterol concentration was found in pregestational diabetic group. The L-ascorbic acid mean values correlated negatively with total cholesterol concentrations, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels.

[Analysis of indications for cesarean section in pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus]. / Analiza wskazan do ciecia cesarskiego w ciazy powiklanej cukrzyca.

The authors analysed a way of pregnancy ending and indications to cesarean section in group 256 diabetic pregnant women. We estimated that percentage for cesarean sections was 51.56%. We noticed downward tendency of elective indications to cesarean section (the most common was gestosis) and upward tendency of intrapartum indications (the most common was fetal distress syndrome). The percentage of cesarean sections in diabetic pregnant women group in our study is similar to results from the other centres.

[Environmental exposure to cadmium and level of magnesium in blood and urine of pre-school children form regions of different degree of pollution]. / Srodowiskowa ekspozycja na kadm a zawartosc magnezu we krwi i moczu dzieci przedszkolnych zamieszkujacych rejony o róznym stopniu skazenia.

OBJECT: Authors object were to determine dependence between cadmium level in blood and urine with eventual coincidention of hypomagnesemia in pre-school children living in town of Bytom in groups of different level of exposure on pollution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Level of those metals was measured in groups of 150 pre-school children tocsycologically identical. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Obtained results of level of cadmium in blood and urine of pre-school children were below normal parameters defined by WHO. Authors didn't define the connection with degree of environmental pollution. In examined population blood hypomagnesemia and total loss of magnesium in body were formed, which occurred in low magnesium level in urine. CONCLUSIONS: Level of cadmium in blood and urine is an answer to chronic environmental influence, not always connected with degree of pollution. The whole population of children developing under environmental cadmium exposition, demonstrate hypomagnesemia, especially dangerous in this moment of growth. Simple and non-invasive evaluation of magnesium level in children, allows early detection of magnesium deficit in child's body.

[Fetal hypotrophy: morphological pictures of placenta in light and electron microscopy of female residents of the Czenstochow region]. / Hypotrofia plodu--obrazy morfologiczne lozysk w mikroskopie swietlnym i elektronowym u kobiet z regionu Czestochowy.

The 16 afterbirths samples obtained from pregnancies complicated by idiopathic fetal hypotrophy was examined. The criteria of hypotrophy were established: the duration of gestation above 36 weeks, the birth-weight was less than 2500 g. The control group included 8 afterbirth samples from physiological full-term pregnancies. It was performed macroscopic examination, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Macroscopically, no changes were found in the study group apart from the small differences of the weight. Light microscopy showed the retardation of placenta maturation from fetus hypotrophy group, congestion of the villi and presence of the numerous calcifications. Transmission electron microscopy showed the changes of placental barrier elements: adaptation processes and chronic progressive damage of the cells (exfoliation of the endothelial cells from the basal membrane).

[Results of five year care of newborns born from diabetic mothers]. / Wyniki piecioletniej opieki nad noworodkiem matki chorej na cukrzyce.

Diabetic fetopathy is a complex the pathophysiology of which is not all that clear and that is why all neonates whose mothers develop diabetes demand--regardless of their body weight--from the first hours of their live an intensive neonatal care. In the period from 1993 to 1997 in the Chair I of the Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Bytom 191 babies were born in whom--in the first day of their live clinical and biochemical screening was carried out in order to determine degree of diabetic fetopathy progression. Summary results of five years care of newborn, born by diabetic mothers. The following parameter were measured: morphometric parameters, the course of adaptation processes, congenital defect occurrence, morbidity and motility in this group of newborn.

[Results of five-year term perinatal care of a diabetic woman]. / Wyniki perinatalne piecioletniej opieki nad ciezarna z cukrzyca.

Authors had retrospectively analysed basic exponents of perinatal care of 199 pregnant diabetic woman in years 1993-1997 hospitalised and delivered in The First Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the town of Bytom. Our results were very similar to the other Referent Centres Of Technical Methods Bank Used in Diagnostic and Therapy of Diabetes: average gestation age 38 +/- 1 hbd, caesars sections percentage 53.4%, 5.5% of undelivered pregnancies, 0.5% of new-born delivered with multiple congenital defaults, 16.1% of macrosomies and 28.1% pre-term deliveries were noted. Disadvantage perinatal effects in diabetic women might be reduced very early diagnosis of diabetic and intensive biophysical and biochemical fatal care, which is strongly suggests by the authors.

[Gynecologic diagnostic problems in women with porphyria]. / Problemy diagnostyki ginekologicznej u kobiet z porfiria.

In the study shows case of acute porphyria in 27 year old women, admitted to hospital with suspicion of rupture extrauterine pregnancy. We shows difficulties in diagnosis associated with polysymptomatology of signs. Authors considered, that urines getting dark trial could improve process of reaching the diagnosis of porphyria, which could often protected patient from exploratory laparotomy getting worse a prognostication.

[Evaluating the usefulness of qualitative analysis of latex c-reactive protein for diagnosing neonatal sepsis]. / Ocena przydatnosci analizy jakosciowej bialka c-reaktywnego metoda lateksowa przy uzyciu crp latex quick test firmy dialab w diagnostyce zakazen bakteryjnych u noworodków.

We analyzed the results of determinations C-reactive protein (Latex Test Dialab firm) of 136 newborns. We divided them into three groups: with generalized infections, with infection without sepsis and without infection. Sensitivity of method for neonates with septicaemia was 60%, for neonates with infection without sepsis--81.25%, together for all infections--66.1%. After overlooking sepsis caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis sensitivity for sepsis was 81.8% and for all infections--81.6%.