Frostbite and Immersion Foot Care.

Historically, cold injury, hypothermia, and frostbite have been severe problems for military units on the battlefield. Kenneth D. Orr and David C. Fainer captured these difficulties in their book, Cold Injuries in Korea During Winter of 1950-51, still cited in military medical readiness training. While not common in modern conflicts, the potential exists for large numbers of these casualties in war and during training.

Advanced Trauma Life Support Time Standards.

INTRODUCTION: Trauma readiness is critical to military medicine. Without medical centers that include persistent volumes of trauma, simulation has become the means to maintain and practice those skills. To create those simulations, standards for both design and metrics to evaluate practitioners are required. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four traumas were monitored and times to completion of the various steps of Advanced Trauma Life Support were recorded and tabulated. The times recorded for level 1 and level 2 traumas were compared without statistical differences identified. RESULTS: Normative times for various portions of the Advanced Trauma Life Support protocol were provided. These include time to airway assessment, breathing assessment, circulation assessment, establishment of intravenous, completion of primary survey, chest X-ray, first set of vitals, and focused assessment with sonography for trauma scan. CONCLUSIONS: Using these mean times, simulations can be created to best replicate traumas and evaluate the capabilities of practitioners.

Influence of social networking websites on medical school and residency selection process.

BACKGROUND: Social networking (SN) has become ubiquitous in modern culture. The potential consequences of revealing personal information through SN websites are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: To assess familiarity with, usage of, and attitudes towards, SN websites by admissions offices at US medical schools and residency programmes. METHODS: A 26-question survey was distributed in autumn 2009 to 130 US medical school admissions officers and 4926 residency programme directors accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. RESULTS: A total of 600 surveys were completed, with 46 (8%) respondents who self-identified as reviewing only medical school applications, 511 (85%) who reported reviewing residency programme applications and 43 (7%) who reported reviewing both. 90/600 (15%) medical schools or programmes maintain profiles on SN websites and 381/600 (64%) respondents reported being somewhat or very familiar with searching individual profiles on SN websites. While a minority of medical schools and residency programmes routinely use SN websites in the selection process (53/600; 9%), more than half of respondents felt that unprofessional information on applicants' SN websites could compromise their admission into medical school or residency (315/600; 53%). CONCLUSIONS: SN websites will affect selection of medical students and residents. Formal guidelines for professional behaviour on SN websites might help applicants avoid unforeseen bias in the selection process.