Stochastic Models in the Problems of Predicting the Epidemiological Situation.

The paper investigates some stochastic models with discrete and continuous time to solve important problems of predicting the spread of epidemiological diseases in the population. Various factors of epidemic spread and the main parameters influencing the forecast assessment are taken into account. Some test calculations based on the proposed methods have been performed.

Generation of hard twisted photons by charged particles in cholesteric liquid crystals.

We study the radiation from charged particles crossing a cholesteric plate in the shortwave approximation when the wavelength of photons is much smaller than the pitch of the cholesteric helix, whereas the escaping angle of the photon and the anisotropy of the permittivity tensor can be arbitrary. The radiation of photons is treated in the framework of quantum electrodynamics with classical currents. The radiation of the plane-wave photons and the photons with definite projection of the angular momentum (the twisted photons) produced by charged particles crossing the cholesteric plate and moving rectilinearly and uniformly is considered. The explicit expressions for the average number of radiated photons and their spectra with respect to the energy and the projection of the angular momentum are obtained in this case. It turns out that in the paraxial approximation the projection of the orbital angular momentum, l, of radiated twisted photons is related to the harmonic number n∈Z as l=2n+1, i.e., the given system is a pure source of twisted photons as expected. It is shown that in the paraxial shortwave regime the main part of radiated photons is linearly polarized with l=±1 at the harmonics n={-1,0}. The applicability conditions of the approach developed are discussed. As the examples, we consider the production of 6.3 eV twisted photons from uranium nuclei and the production of x-ray twisted photons from 120 MeV electrons.

The effects of transcranial micropolarization on the severity of convulsive fits in children.

A total of 18 children with cerebral palsy and organic brain lesions underwent sessions of transcranial micropolarization with the aim of decreasing the frequency of convulsive fits. Transcranial micropolarization of the posterior temporal and parietal areas of the cerebral cortex was found to provide a marked decrease in the frequency of convulsive fits and to normalize the EEG pattern. This effect was due to the targeted effects of direct currents passed through the respective morphofunctional connections of cortical zones to the structures responsible for forming and controlling the convulsive activity of the brain.

[The influence of transcranial micropolarization on convulsive manifestations in children]. / Vliianie transkranial'noi mikropoliarizatsii na vyrazhennost' sudorozhnykh proiavlenii u detei.

Eighteen patients with infantile cerebral paralysis and organic brain damage underwent to therapeutical sessions of transcranial micropolarization directed to decrease the incidence of convulsive fits. Transcranial micropolarization of the posterior temporal and parietal areas caused a marked decrease in the incidence of convulsive fits and made the electroencephalographic pattern normal. This effect was caused by the target exposure of the structures responsible for the formation and regulation of brain convulsive activity to constant current through the respective morphofunctional linkages of the cortical areas.

The use of micropolarization in the treatment of spinal cord lesions.

Transdermal micropolarization of the spinal cord was performed in patients suffering sequelae of spinal cord trauma and tuberculous spondylitis. Changes in clinical and electrophysiological status were monitored. These studies demonstrated that the use of local direct currents passed via skin electrodes promoted improvements in motor and autonomic functions in these patients, leading to positive changes in measures of the functional state of the spinal cord and heart activity. The possible mechanisms of the action of direct currents acting on the spinal cord are discussed, along with the potential for applying micropolarization in the treatment of spinal cord lesions.

[The use micro-polarization in spinal cord lesions]. / Primenenie mikropoliarizatsii v klinike porazheniia spinnogo mozga.

Transdermal micropolarization of the spinal cord was made in patients with consequences of the spinal cord injury or tuberculous spondylitis. Changes in clinical and electrophysiologic status were evaluated. It was found that local direct current through dermal electrodes promotes an improvement of both motor and autonomic functions in such patients. This corresponded to a positive dynamics both of the spinal cord state and cardiac activity. Possible mechanisms of influence of the direct current on the spinal cord as well as perspectives of application of micropolarization in spinal cord's damage are outlined.

[A cross-correlational analysis of the bioelectrical activity of muscle antagonists in studying human voluntary motor activity in certain forms of motor disorders]. / Krosskorreliatsionnyi analiz bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti myshts-antagonistov v issledovanii proizvol'noi dvigatel'noi aktivnosti cheloveka pri nekotorykh formakh dvigatel'nykh narushenii.

In healthy [correction of beglth] subjects, patients with children's cerebral palsy and spinal cord disturbances, the cross-correlation function of the EMG at the initial phase of voluntary movement and at the phase of static voluntary tension revealed some mechanisms maintaining coordinated interrelations among antagonist muscles at different phases. A new approach is suggested for estimation of the electromyogram and for a finer diagnosis of the CNS lesions at different levels.

[The biological action of physical factors in the critical periods of embryogenesis]. / Biologicheskoe deistvie fizicheskikh faktorov v kriticheskie periody émbriogeneza.

The critical period in a chicken embryonic development (the 10-13-th days of incubation) is revealed under total electromagnetic radiation. This external factor is a physiologically active irritant which can influence functional state of the brain. The increased absorption of electromagnetic energy takes place in this incubation period. Its dynamics within 20 days of embryonic development has phasic, up and down character. Electromagnetic exposure (4 hours a day daily) in the above mentioned period evokes a delay in embryo adaptive motor behavior (biofeedback learning). Morphological investigation shows significant pathological changes--destruction of share brain synapses. The delay in embryo hatching for a day is also detected. Radiation exposure within other periods of incubation (3-6-th or 12-15-th days) was not effective with respect to formation of normal motor pattern in biofeedback experiment.

[Prediction of potential motor disorders in babies from neonatal serum biological test findings]. / Prognozirovanie vozmozhnykh dvigatel'nykh narushenii u detei po rezul'tatam biotesta syvorotki krovi novorozhdennykh.

To predict motor activity in the newborn, electromyographic (on rats) and ultrastructural (on chick embryos) studies were performed after administration of donor babies' sera taken in the first days of life. Morphological and electromyographic parameters were compared with late clinical symptoms. A rating schedule was developed with regards to biological test results, which allows motor disorders to be detected in the newborn.

[The embryotoxic effect in rats exposed to the blood serum of newborn infants tested for the presence of transfer factors]. / Embriotoksicheskii éffekt u krys pri vozdeistvii syvorotkoi krovi novorozhdennykh detei, testiruemykh na nalichie transfernykh faktorov.

Pregnant rats (day 14 of gestation) received intraamniotic injections of newborn human serum. Transfer factors (TF) present in injected serum produced significant embryotoxic and teratogenic effects, as well as changes in coordination of motor activity (EMG) in newborn rats. The extent of embryological disturbances and the motor activity of 33- to 34-day old recipient rats depend on TF concentration (at serum dilution 1:2) and on the state of infant's motor functions ("normal" group and "risk" group). The results obtained allow to objectively determine the pathogenic effect of serum TF on embryotoxicity and formation of motor coordination in the donor infant.

[The use of the procedures of functional biocontrol in the combined treatment of amblyopia]. / Ispol'zovanie priemov funktsional'nogo bioupravleniia v kompleksnom lechenii ambliopii.

Thirty children with dysbinocular and anisometric amblyopia were treated making use of a method based on the use of a physiologically based functional bioregulation. It is known that in this condition EEG changes recorded in the occipital sectors of the brain are indicative of a weakened specific activation reaction. To improve vision acuity, the patients were trained to enhance activation reaction by EEG monitoring that was used to create an external feedback (EEG status-dependent brightness of the screen when watching an animated cartoon). The results show that functional bioregulation method may be used both alone and in complex with other methods, reducing the treatment duration and helping attain a desirable effect in cases previously treated without success.

[Mechanisms of the selective development of neuronal structures]. / Mekhanizmy selektivnogo razvitiia neironal'nykh struktur.

The review deals with a complex of problems concerned with interneuronal relationship formation in the central nervous system. Hypothesis of neuronal selection, role of trophic factors in formation and maintenance of interneuronal connections, mechanism of their synaptic stabilization are analyzed. It is noted then signals ingoing from afferent inputs in the process of development modulate the activity of neurones and thus interact with the mechanisms of nervous system self-organization. On the basis of current knowledge about causes of the stabilization of neuronal interconnections structure, as well as original investigations, a hypothesis on mechanism of local neuronal systems selection depending on the stability of their impulse outflow is proposed.