[Ultrasonic examination of soft tissue injuries in the shoulder region]. / A válltájék lágyrész-sérüléseinek ultrahangvizsgálata.

Authors call attention with the demonstration of pictures of a few cases of their own to the significance of the ultrasound examination in cases of shoulder injuries. They stress that beside the demonstration of rotator cuff injuries the examination of the surrounding muscles and the labrum glenoidale should not be forgotten either. The modernization of the ultrasound devices, the improvement of the methods of examination and the obtaining of the necessary practice ensure a more and more important place to echography in the diagnosis of traumas of the motion organs.

[Three-dimensional CT studies of pelvic fractures]. / Medencetörések három-dimenziós CT-vizsgálata.

Authors use in the diagnosis of fractures of the pelvis a three dimension programme developed by them to the tomographic apparatus of the Siemens Somatom CR computer. With the demonstration of a few pictures of their own they call attention to the possibility of diagnosis given by the 3D-CT programme. On the basis of their experiences the advantages and disadvantages of this modern imaging method are summarized.

[Value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumors]. / Der Wert der Ultrasonographie in der Harnblasentumordiagnostik.

The authors have compared the value of transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonography in 100 patients with carcinoma of the bladder. They have also compared the pathological stage, determined at operation or post mortem, with the "ultrasound" stage. Transabdominal examination resulted in agreement in 61% cases, transrectal 69% and intravesical in 92%. In the authors' opinion, transabdominal ultrasonography is suitable for general orientation. It can determine the size and position of the tumour. Transrectal examination is particularly valuable if, for any reason, it is impossible to perform cystoscopy. It is also valuable for the examination of tumours localised at the bladder base. Intravesical sonography demonstrated the tumour in every case. During this examination, changes in the elasticity and distensibility of the bladder due to tumour and changes in the bladder volume can be determined. Intravesical ultrasonography carried out at the same time as cystoscopy is a rapid and highly practical procedure, which ideally supplements cystoscopy. At present it is the best method for demonstrating infiltration of the bladder wall.

[Significance and value of ultrasonography in the study of thyroid diseases]. / Stellung und Wert der Ultrasonographie bei der Untersuchung von Schilddrüsenkrankheiten.

Two hundred-fifty ultrasonic examinations of the thyroid gland were performed in 213 patients within a 2-year period. The size and the structure of the thyroid can be determined by sonography. Ultrasound proved to be of primary importance in the diagnosis of thyroid cysts and provides additional information in other thyroid diseases. Aspiration for cytological examination can be more effective with sonographic guidance. Changes during treatment can also be followed up without discontinuing the suppressive treatment.

Determination of euthyroid thyroid mass.

Proposals have been made for modification of different formulas used to determine the thyroid weight, by which the 'most probable' value of the normal thyroid mass can be determined. With the help of this method, thyroid masses of euthyroid individuals located in Budapest and its surroundings were determined using a combined scintigraphic and ultrasound method. As an average of 103 cases, the 'most probable' value of normal thyroid mass of the population is 20.9 g (range 15.1-38.8 g).

Intravesical ultrasonography as an aid to study the size of bladder cancers.

On clinical examination of 50 patients with bladder cancer the authors performed intravesical ultrasonography. By this method they never failed to detect the tumours. The stage of the pathological material obtained by operation or at autopsy was compared with that obtained by the intravesical ultrasonography. In 88% of the cases the two classifications gave identical results. By ultrasonography the pathologic stage was overestimated in 4, and underestimated in 2 cases. Intravesical ultrasonography can be combined with cystoscopy. It is a fast procedure and an ideal supplement to cystoscopy. The combination of the two methods permits the localization of intravesical tumours as well as the estimation of invasion and of the degree of infiltration.

Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of bladder tumours.

In the course of the complex examination of 100 patients with bladder tumour also transabdominal, transrectal and intravesical ultrasonograms were taken. The pathological stages (pT) obtained by operation or at autopsy, respectively, were compared with the ultrasonographic stage (U). Transabdominal scanning revealed a concordance rate of 61%, transrectally one of 69% and by intravesical sonography a concordance rate of 92%. Transabdominal ultrasonography is suitable mainly for exploration in assessing the size and localization of the tumour. Transrectal ultrasonography is particularly useful if cystoscopy cannot be performed and it is a valuable aid in examining the size of tumours harboured at the bladder base. Intravesical sonography revealed the tumour in all cases and during scanning, by changing the volume of the bladder, changes in the elasticity and dilatability of the vesical wall could also be judged. Intravesical ultrasonography can be combined with cystoscopy. It is a rapid and straight-forward procedure and an ideal supplement to cystoscopy being currently the best possible diagnostic method for revealing infiltration of the vesical wall.