Influencia del hábito de fumar sobre las concentraciones séricas de zinc, cobre y selenio en adultos jóvenes / Influence of smoking on serum concentrations of zinc, copper and selenium in young adults

Zinc, cobre y selenio son cofactores de enzimas antioxidantes, por lo que una disminución de sus niveles séricos, compromete su papel preventivo de enfermedades degenerativas. En este estudio se planteó evaluar la influencia del hábito de fumar cigarrillo sobre las concentraciones séricas de estos cofactores en adultos jóvenes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 40 individuos sanos del sexo masculino, con edades entre 18 y 25 años, índice de masa corporal normal y consumo de nutrientes acorde con sus requerimientos nutricionales, divididos en grupo control (n=20) y grupo de fumadores crónicos (n=20), a los cuales se les cuantificó los niveles séricos de zinc, cobre, selenio y se les estimó la ingesta de nutrientes a través del recordatorio de 24 horas y la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos. En los fumadores los niveles séricos de zinc se mostraron severamente disminuidos (0,36 + 0,10 mg/L) y significativamente inferiores a los encontrados en los controles (0,71 + 0,09 mg/L), mientras que los niveles sérico de cobre y selenio no mostraron diferencia significativa. Los resultados indican que aún cuando el consumo de minerales en los fumadores fue adecuado, la dieta habitual no logró mantener la concentración sérica de zinc en los rangos normales, haciéndolos más susceptibles al estrés oxidativo.

[Plasma amino acids profile of healthy pregnant adolescents in Maracaibo, Venezuela]. / Perfil de aminoácidos plasmáticos en adolescentes saludables embarazadas de Maracaibo, Venezuela.

One hundred female adolescents (13-18 y) were clinical and anthropometrically studied to select only those with adequate nutrition. Most adolescents belonged to IV socio-economic stratum families (worker class). Height, weight, age, body mass index and medial arm circumference were used as anthropometric parameters. After screening, only 41 non pregnant girls (control) and 42 pregnant girls with adequate nutrition were selected to analyze plasma amino acids. Fasting peripheral venous blood was drawn, and plasma amino acids were analyzed by HPLC. Amino acid concentrations were expressed as umol/L +/- SE. SAS/STAT program was used for statistical analysis. Amino acid values of control adolescent group were found in ranges reported by other investigators, with slight variations, mostly in diminution, presumably due to nutritional, metabolic or genetic conditions of people living in tropical regions. In pregnant healthy adolescents, distributed according to gestational age: < 32 weeks (n = 30) and > 32 weeks (n = 12), a diminution of total molar plasma amino acids was found, by comparing with control values. Ten amino acids (Pro, Gly, Gln, Arg, Ser, Orn, Tau, Leu, Thr and Val) appeared significantively diminished throughout gestation, being Gly. Gln and Arg most affected since earlier weeks. During the 2nd period. Thr and Val increased their grade of affectation; whereas some amino acids values (Orn, Pro and Tau) tended to recuperate. Several of affected amino acids are gluconegoenic, thus, they could be utilized to supply the energy required by the pregnant adolescent against her double stress: the fetus development and her own development. The plasma amino acid values reported in both, healthy non pregnant and pregnant adolescents, could be taken as regional referential profile of plasma amino acids in this poblational group for further research on adolescent and fetal--maternal malnutrition.