Crecimiento físico y aptitud física de nadadores y no nadadores de una región del Perú / Physical growth and fitness of swimmers and non-swimmers in a Peruvian region

Introducción: La evaluación del crecimiento físico y la aptitud física es considerada una tarea beneficiosa para la salud y del rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: Comparar el crecimiento físico y la aptitud física de jóvenes nadadores y no-nadadores de una región del Perú. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo (comparativo) en niños y adolescentes de 6 a 13 años. Se conformó dos grupos de estudio. Grupo 1: Practicantes de natación (nadadores) y Grupo 2: No-practicantes de natación (no-nadadores). Se evaluó las medidas antropométricas de peso, estatura, circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y las pruebas físicas de salto horizontal (SH) y agilidad. Se calculó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el estado de madurez. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en el peso y estatura entre ambos grupos en todos los rangos de edad (p>0,05). En la CC, los nadadores de ambos sexos mostraron valores inferiores en relación a los no-nadadores al menos desde los 6-7 años, 8-9 años y 10-11 años (p<0,05). En las pruebas físicas, no hubo diferencias en la agilidad entre ambos grupos (p>0,05), sin embargo, en el SH, los nadadores mostraron mejor despeño que sus similares no-nadadores (P<0,05), en los hombres a los 10-11 años y 12-13 años (p<0,05) y en las mujeres en todos los rangos de edad (p<0,05). Conclusión: Los jóvenes nadadores y no-nadadores presentaron un similar patrón de crecimiento físico en peso y estatura, excepto en la CC, donde los no-nadadores mostraron valores superiores. En las pruebas físicas, ambos grupos evidenciaron similares valores de agilidad en todos los rangos de edad y los nadadores mostraron mejores resultados en el SH que sus similares no nadadores. Estos resultados sugieren la práctica de la natación de tres veces por semana, lo que podría ayudar a mantener un adecuado perfil antropométrico y mejorar la fuerza de los miembros inferiores.(AU)

Introduction: The evaluation of physical growth and fit-ness is considered a beneficial task for health and sports per-formance.Objective: To compare the physical growth and fitness ofyoung swimmers and non-swimmers in a region of Peru Methodology: A descriptive (comparative) study was car-ried out in children and adolescents aged 6 to 13 years. Twostudy groups were formed. Group 1: Swimming practitioners(swimmers) and Group 2: Non-swimming practitioners (non-swimmers). Anthropometric measurements of weight, height,sitting height, waist circumference (WC) and the physicaltests of horizontal jump (HH) and agility were evaluated.Body Mass Index (BMI) and maturity status were calculated.Significant differences were determined by means of the “t”test for independent samples.Results: There were no differences in weight, sittingheight and height between both groups in all age ranges(p>0.05). In CC, swimmers of both sexes showed lower val-ues in relation to non-swimmers at least from 6-7 years, 8-9years and 10-11 years (p<0.05). In the physical tests, therewere no differences in agility between both groups (p>0.05),however, in the SH, swimmers showed better performancethan their similar non-swimmers (P<0.05), in males at 10-11years and 12-13 years (p<0.05) and in females in all ageranges (p<0.05).Conclusion: Young swimmers and non-swimmers pre-sented a similar pattern of physical growth in weight andheight, except in CC, where non-swimmers showed highervalues. In the physical tests, both groups evidenced similaragility values in all age ranges and swimmers showed betterresults in SH than their similar non-swimmers. These resultssuggest that the practice of swimming three times a week hasa positive role on the anthropometric profile, adipose andlower limb strength performance.(AU)

Incidencia De Factores Clínicos Y Sociodemográficos De Hemorragia Postparto En Pacientes Atendidas En El Hospital Niño Jesús En Barranquilla. Enero 2017-Enero 2018 / Incidence of Clinical and Sociodemographic Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Patients Served at the Niño Jesús Hospital in Barranquilla. January 2017-January 2018

Objective: To determine the incidence of clinical and sociodemographic factors related to postpartum hemorrhage in the puerperal women attended in the OB / GYN service of the Niño Jesús Hospital in the city of Barranquilla. Materials and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The sample was made up of the total population that had a vaginal delivery and caesarean section (5,384), a total of 280 patients were recruited, which is equivalent to 5.2%, the difference of 5,104 were excluded from the study because they did not meet the criteria for inclusion and / or lack of information that they presented immediate postpartum hemorrhages attended at the Hospital Niño Jesús in Barranquilla, which was chosen through a non-probability sampling for convenience and the results obtained from the documentary review of the patients' records between January 2017 to January 2018. Results: The advanced age of the patients is considered a risk factor associated with postpartum hemorrhages, being evident in 70% between the ages of 30 to 47 years. Regarding sociodemographic factors such as marital status, it was observed that free union predominated with 47% and in occupation, 79% of the patients are housewives. The deed is an important factor of the patients; it was evident that 80% have already had more than 3 previous deliveries. Conclusions: Prenatal control during pregnancy is of vital importance to avoid postpartum hemorrhages, allowing early identification of risk factors, danger signs and symptoms, and timely treatment of complications.

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia Factores Clínicos Y Sociodemográficos relacionados con Hemorragia post parto en las puérperas atendidas en el servicio de Gineco-obstetricia Del Hospital Niño Jesús de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo constituida por el total de la población que tuvieron parto vaginal y cesárea (5384) se reclutaron un total de 280 pacientes lo que equivale al 5.2%, se excluyeron del estudio la diferencia de 5104 debido a que no cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y/o falta de información que presentaron hemorragias postparto inmediato atendidas en el Hospital Niño Jesús de Barranquilla, la cual fue escogida a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia y los resultados obtenidos de la revisión documental de los expedientes de las pacientes entre enero 2017 a enero 2018. Resultados: La edad avanzada de las pacientes, se considera un factor de riesgo asociado a las hemorragias posparto, evidenciándose en un 70% entre las edades de 30 a 47 años. Con respecto a los factores sociodemográficos como el estado civil, se observó que predominó la unión libre con 47% y en la ocupación, el 79% de las pacientes son amas de casa. La gesta es un factor importante de las pacientes, se evidenció que el 80% ya han tenido más de 3 partos anteriores. Conclusiones: El control prenatal durante el embarazo es de vital importancia para evitar hemorragias pospartos, permitiendo identificar tempranamente factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas de peligro y atender las complicaciones de manera oportuna.

Hierarchical Spectral Consensus Clustering for Group Analysis of Functional Brain Networks.

A central question in cognitive neuroscience is how cognitive functions depend on the integration of specialized widely distributed brain regions. In recent years, graph theoretical methods have been used to characterize the structure of the brain functional connectivity. In order to understand the organization of functional connectivity networks, it is important to determine the community structure underlying these complex networks. Moreover, the study of brain functional networks is confounded by the fact that most neurophysiological studies consists of data collected from multiple subjects; thus, it is important to identify communities representative of all subjects. Typically, this problem is addressed by averaging the data across subjects which omits the variability across subjects or using voting methods, which requires a priori knowledge of cluster labels. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical consensus spectral clustering approach to address these problems. Furthermore, new information-theoretic criteria are introduced for selecting the optimal community structure. The proposed framework is applied to electroencephalogram data collected during a study of error-related negativity to better understand the community structure of functional networks involved in the cognitive control.

A weighted small world network measure for assessing functional connectivity.

There is a growing need to develop measures that can characterize complex patterns of functional connectivity among brain regions. Graph theoretic measures have emerged as an important way to characterize the multivariate connectivity between nodes in a network, which have been successfully applied to neurophysiologic activity. In this paper, we propose a new small-world measure based on advances in both the bivariate measures underlying the graph theoretic approach, as well as in the definition of the measure for weighted graphs. Specifically, we recently proposed a new bivariate time-frequency phase-synchrony (TFPS) measure, which quantifies the dynamic nature of the interactions between neuronal oscillations with a higher time-frequency resolution than previous approaches and is better at isolating relevant activity. The proposed graph theoretic measures, weighted clustering coefficient and path length, represent a new approach to the calculation of weighted graph measures based on this improved bivariate TFPS measure. The new graph theoretic measures are applied to two datasets. The first is a well-known social network, Zachary's Karate Club. The second application contains event-related potential (ERP) indexing the well-known error-related negativity (ERN) component related to cognitive control. Results indicate that the new measures outperform the previously published weighted graph measures, and produces expectable results for both applications.

Multivariate synchrony modules identified through multiple subject community detection in functional brain networks.

The functional connectivity of the human brain may be described by modeling interactions among its neural assemblies as a graph composed of vertices and edges. It has recently been shown that functional brain networks belong to a class of scale-free complex networks for which graphs have helped define an association between function and topology. These networks have been shown to possess a heterogenous structure composed of clusters, dense regions of strongly associated nodes, which represent multivariate relationships among nodes. Network clustering algorithms classify the nodes based on a similarity measure representing the bivariate relationships and similar to unsupervised learning is performed without a priori information. In this paper, we propose a method for partitioning a set of networks representing different subjects and reveal a community structure common to multiple subjects. We apply this community identifying algorithm to functional brain networks during a cognitive control task, in particular the error-related negativity (ERN), to evaluate how the brain organizes itself during error-monitoring.

Graph analysis of neuronal interactions for the error-related negativity.

The brain is a biological system with dynamic interactions between its sub-systems. The complexity of this system poses a challenge for identifying functional networks underlying observed neural activity. Current imaging approaches index local neural activity very well, but there is an increasing need for methods that quantify the interaction between regional activations. In this paper, we focus on inferring the functional connectivity of the brain based on electroencephalography (EEG) data. The interactions between the different neuronal populations are quantified through a dynamic measure of phase synchrony which is used to form sparsely connected networks that can be evaluated using measures of graph theory. These measures are applied to an EEG study containing the error-related negativity (ERN), a brain potential response that indexes endogenous action monitoring, to determine the organization of the brain during a decision making task and determine the differences between Error and Correct responses from subjects grouped according to an Externalizing Inventory. Results conclude weighted clustering coefficient and binary path length measures demonstrate significant differences between error low externalizers with all other response/externalizer types (error/high, correct/low, and correct/high).

Identification of small world topologies in neural functional connections quantified by phase synchrony measures.

The brain is a complex biological system with dynamic interactions between its sub-systems. One particular challenge in the study of this complex system is the identification of dynamic functional networks underlying observed neural activity. Current imaging approaches index local neural activity very well, but there is an increasing need for methods that quantify the interaction between regional activations. In this paper, we focus on inferring the functional connectivity of the brain based on electroencephalography (EEG) data. The interactions between the different neuronal populations are quantified through a recently proposed dynamic measure of phase synchrony. Small world measures, which include clustering coefficient, path length, global efficiency, and local efficiency, are computed on graphs obtained through the phase synchrony measure to study the underlying functional networks. The proposed measures are applied to an EEG study containing the error-related negativity (ERN), a brain potential response that indexes endogenous action monitoring, to determine the organization of the brain during a decision making task and determine the differences between Error and Correct responses.

A PDA-based electrocardiogram/blood pressure telemonitor for telemedicine.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) / blood pressure (BP) telemonitor consisting of comprehensive integration of various electrical engineering concepts, devices, and methods was developed. This personal digital assistant-based (PDAbased) system focused on integration of biopotential amplifiers, photoplethysmographic measurement of blood pressure, microcontroller devices, programming methods, wireless transmission, signal filtering and analysis, interfacing, and long term memory devices (24 hours) to develop a state-of-the-art ECG/BP telemonitor. These instrumentation modules were developed and tested to realize a complete and compact system that could be deployed to assist in telemedicine applications and heart rate variability studies. The specific objective of this device was to facilitate the long term monitoring and recording of ECG and blood pressure signals. This device was able to acquire ECG/BP waveforms, transmit them wirelessly to a PDA, save them onto a compact flash memory, and display them on the LCD screen of the PDA. It was also capable of calculating the heart rate (HR) in beats per minute, and providing systolic and diastolic blood pressure values.