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1.
Nutr Hosp ; 32(5): 2286-93, 2015 Nov 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26545690

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: bearing in mind the influence of the environment on the individuals and their choices and behaviours in general and particularly with respect to food, it might be interesting to explore whether eating habits are better or healthier in rural areas than in urban ones. OBJECTIVE: to analyse the perception of the level in which eating habits could be considered better or worse, more or less healthy, in rural and urban areas. METHOD: 281 students (18.37 ± 6.28 years) volunteered participated in the study completing an ad hoc questionnaire designed to measure the characteristics attributed by the participants to the rural and urban eating habits. RESULTS: 49.50% of the participants considered that food is better in rural areas, 8.50% in urban contexts and 42% equally in both rural and urban areas; 80.42% responded that food is healthier in rural areas and 19.57% in urban areas. In addition, 85.10% of the participants coming from rural families considered that food is healthier in the country and the same applies to 75.80% coming from urban families. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: the perception about what is healthy is not uniform. From a general point of view it seems that eating better is not the same than eating healthier. The idea of eating better not always is synonymous of eating healthy from a medical-nutritional point of view. This difference could make it difficult to spread the idea of a healthy way of eating to the general population.


Introducción: considerando la influencia del entorno sobre el individuo y sus elecciones y comportamientos en general, y con respecto a la alimentación en particular, cabe preguntarse si ésta es más o menos sana en el ámbito rural o en el urbano. Objetivos: analizar la percepción del grado en que la alimentación puede considerarse mejor o peor y más o menos saludable en el ámbito rural y urbano. Método: 281 estudiantes (18,37 ± 6,28 años) participaron voluntariamente en el estudio mediante la cumplimentación un cuestionario ad hoc a fin de recoger las características atribuidas a la alimentación rural y urbana. Resultados: el 49,50% consideró que se come mejor en el ámbito rural, frente al 8,50% que estimó que se come mejor en el medio urbano, y el 42% consideró que se come por igual en ambos, respectivamente. En cuanto a la opción rural-urbano respecto a dónde se come de modo más saludable, el 80,42% afirmó que se come de forma más saludable en el medio rural y el 19,57% en el medio urbano. El 85,10% de los participantes con un origen familiar rural consideró que en el medio rural se come más saludablemente, frente al 75,80% cuyo origen familiar era urbano. Discusión y conclusiones: la percepción de lo sano no resulta uniforme, ni comer mejor es equiparable a comer más sano desde el punto de vista de la población general. Lo que se considera comer mejor no siempre se acerca al criterio médico-nutricional de saludable, e incluso puede alejarse de ello. Este aspecto puede hacer más difícil llevar la idea de una alimentación saludable a la generalidad de la población.


Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , População Rural , Espanha , Estudantes , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana , Adulto Jovem
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 32(5): 2286-2293, nov. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-145561

RESUMO

Introducción: considerando la influencia del entorno sobre el individuo y sus elecciones y comportamientos en general, y con respecto a la alimentación en particular, cabe preguntarse si ésta es más o menos sana en el ámbito rural o en el urbano. Objetivos: analizar la percepción del grado en que la alimentación puede considerarse mejor o peor y más o menos saludable en el ámbito rural y urbano. Método: 281 estudiantes (18,37 ± 6,28 años) participaron voluntariamente en el estudio mediante la cumplimentación un cuestionario ad hoc a fin de recoger las características atribuidas a la alimentación rural y urbana. Resultados: el 49,50% consideró que se come mejor en el ámbito rural, frente al 8,50% que estimó que se come mejor en el medio urbano, y el 42% consideró que se come por igual en ambos, respectivamente. En cuanto a la opción rural-urbano respecto a dónde se come de modo más saludable, el 80,42% afirmó que se come de forma más saludable en el medio rural y el 19,57% en el medio urbano. El 85,10% de los participantes con un origen familiar rural consideró que en el medio rural se come más saludablemente, frente al 75,80% cuyo origen familiar era urbano. Discusión y conclusiones: la percepción de lo sano no resulta uniforme, ni comer mejor es equiparable a comer más sano desde el punto de vista de la población general. Lo que se considera comer mejor no siempre se acerca al criterio médico-nutricional de saludable, e incluso puede alejarse de ello. Este aspecto puede hacer más difícil llevar la idea de una alimentación saludable a la generalidad de la población (AU)


Introduction: bearing in mind the influence of the environment on the individuals and their choices and behaviours in general and particularly with respect to food, it might be interesting to explore whether eating habits are better or healthier in rural areas than in urban ones. Objective: to analyse the perception of the level in which eating habits could be considered better or worse, more or less healthy, in rural and urban areas. Method: 281 students (18.37 ± 6.28 years) volunteered participated in the study completing an ad hoc questionnaire designed to measure the characteristics attributed by the participants to the rural and urban eating habits. Results: 49.50% of the participants considered that food is better in rural areas, 8.50% in urban contexts and 42% equally in both rural and urban areas; 80.42% responded that food is healthier in rural areas and 19.57% in urban areas. In addition, 85.10% of the participants coming from rural families considered that food is healthier in the country and the same applies to 75.80% coming from urban families. Discussion and conclusions: the perception about what is healthy is not uniform. From a general point of view it seems that eating better is not the same than eating healthier. The idea of eating better not always is synonymous of eating healthy from a medical-nutritional point of view. This difference could make it difficult to spread the idea of a healthy way of eating to the general population (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos Integrais , Recomendações Nutricionais/tendências , Comportamento Alimentar , Zona Rural , Área Urbana , Ingestão de Alimentos , Percepção Social
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(6): 2188-2193, nov.-dic. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120429

RESUMO

Objective: Recently, it has been reported that food choices of relatives of eating disorder (ED) patients are not adequate having in mind a healthy model of eating habits. The aim of this study was to analyse how work conditions relate to parents' food choice coping strategies in both families with a member suffering from an ED and families with no sick members. In addition, the differences in those strategies between the two types of working parents were studied. Methods: A total of 80 employed fathers (n = 27) and mothers (n = 53) of patients with an ED (n =50) and healthy offsprings (n = 30) were interviewed. The mean age was 43.57 ± 5.69 and they had moderate incomes. Food choice coping strategies, used by working parents to integrate work and family demands, were measured by means of 22 items included in five categories. Results: Considering the food choice coping strategies, ED patients' relatives show better skills than relatives of healthy offsprings do. The fact of preparing more meals at home and less fast food as main meal are good examples of those better strategies as well as to miss less number of breakfasts and lunches because of work-family conflict, grabbing less frequently and overeat less after missing a meal. Discussion: The therapeutic effort to improve the food choices of ED patients' relatives, especially when both father and mother work, are a key point to improve the eating habits of ED patients, thus contributing to a better outcome (AU)


Objetivo: recientemente se ha comunicado que la elección de alimentos por parte de familiares de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios no es adecuada teniendo en cuenta un modelo saludable de hábitos de alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar de que forma las condiciones de trabajo se relacionan con las estrategias de afrontamiento en la elección de alimentos tanto en familias con algún miembro que padece un trastorno alimentario como en otras sin miembros con estos trastornos También se analizaron las diferencias en el tipo de estrategias usadas por unas y otras familias. Métodos: Un total de 80 padres (n = 27) y madres (n = 53) de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios (n = 50), con trabajo extra-doméstico, e hijos sin alteraciones psicopatológicas (n = 30) fueron entrevistados. La edad media fue de 43.57 ± 5.69 años y los ingresos económicos fueron moderados. Las estrategias de afrontamiento en la elección de alimentos usadas para integrar vida laboral y familiar fueron evaluadas mediante 22 ítems incluidos en cinco categorías. Resultados: Los padres y madres de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios presentaron mejores estrategias que los de hijos sin patologías. El hecho de preparar más comidas en casa y usar menos comida rápida como comida principal son algunos ejemplos de esas mejores estrategias así como presentar menos pérdidas de desayunos y almuerzos debido al conflicto familia-trabajo, presentar menor picoteo y menor frecuencia de sobreingestas tras haber perdido alguna comida. Discusión: El esfuerzo terapéutico para mejorar la elección de alimentos en los padres de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios, especialmente cuando ambos trabajan fuera de casa, es un punto clave para mejorar los hábitos de alimentación de los pacientes contribuyendo ello a unos mejores resultados del tratamiento global (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/dietoterapia , Comportamento Alimentar , 24457 , Estratégias de Saúde , Terapia Diretamente Observada/estatística & dados numéricos , Pais , Comportamento de Escolha , Adaptação a Desastres , Relações Familiares , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Casos e Controles
4.
Psychol Res Behav Manag ; 6: 75-86, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24043960

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aims of the study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire (TAF-SP), as well as to determine its validity by evaluating the relationship of the TAF-SP to different instruments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: TWO GROUPS WERE STUDIED: one comprising 146 patients with eating disorders; and another a group of 200 students. RESULTS: THREE FACTORS WERE OBTAINED: TAF-Moral; TAF-Likelihood-others; and TAF-Likelihood-oneself. The internal consistency of the TAF-SP was determined by means of Cronbach's α coefficient, with values ranging between 0.84-0.95. The correlations with other instruments refected adequate validity. The three-factor structure was tested by means of a linear structural equation model, and the structure fit satisfactorily. Differences in TAF-SP scores between the diagnostic subgroups were also analyzed. CONCLUSION: The TAF-SP meets the psychometric requirements for measuring thought-action fusion and shows adequate internal consistency and validity.

5.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(4): 1219-1226, jul.-ago. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-120302

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Is there a group of psychometric variables, which correlates with the criteria of an interdisciplinary team about the course of ED?OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the clinic criteria of an interdisciplinary team with respect to the course of eating disorders (ED) and different psychometric criteria. METHODS: The course was analysed in a final sample of 30 ED outpatients during their six first months of treatment. A scale of clinical criteria of the course of ED (therapeutic team's opinion) and different questionnaires on psychological, psychopathological and eating-related variables were used. The statistical analysis comprised of a discriminant analysis in order to find the variables with a discriminant function to distinguish between a fair-bad course and a good course. RESULTS: Perceived stress, self-esteem, the variables of the SCL-90-R, depression, thought-shape fusion, anxiety, food craving and the score on body shape questionnaire were found to have discriminant function. Comparing the therapeutic team's criteria and the results of the questionnaires a 10% of patients were misclassified. DISCUSSION: The results highlight the necessary and permanent checking of the relationship among the clinical criteria regarding the course of ED (members' team opinion) and different psychological, psychopathological and eating-related variables (AU)


Introducción: ¿Existe un grupo de variables psicométricas que correlacione con el criterio de un equipo terapéutico interdisciplinar acerca del curso de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria? Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre criterios clínicos de un equipo terapéutico interdisciplinar con respecto al curso de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y diferentes criterios psicométricos. Métodos: La evolución fue analizada en una muestra final de 30 pacientes ambulatorios con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria durante los seis primeros meses de tratamiento. Una escala de criterios clínicos (la opinión del equipo terapéutico) y diferentes cuestionarios sobre variables psicológicas, psicopatológicas y relacionadas con la conducta alimentaria fueron utilizadas. Se llevó a cabo un análisis discriminante a fin de encontrar variables con función discriminante para distinguir una buena evolución de otras evoluciones. Resultados: El estrés percibido, autoestima, las variables contenidas en el listado de síntomas de Derogatis, la fusión pensamiento-forma, ansiedad, food craving y la puntuación en el cuestionario de imagen corporal tienen una función discriminante. Comparando los criterios del equipo terapéutico con los resultados de los cuestionarios, un 10% de los pacientes resultaron estar mal clasificados. Discusión: Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesaria y permanente evaluación a llevar a cabo entre los criterios clínicos con respecto a la evolución de los pacientes y el resultado de la medición de diferentes variables psicométricas, tanto psicológicas como psicopatológicas y relacionadas con la conducta alimentaria (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Progressão da Doença , Padrões de Prática Médica , Variações Dependentes do Observador
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(1): 211-6, 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23808452

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the stress level at different academic times, by measuring salivary cortisol and assessing the influence of the stress level on the effectiveness of a nutrition education program for adolescents. METHODS: Salivary cortisol of 42 compulsory secondary education students was determined (morning and evening) at the beginning of the course and in the time prior to final exams. A nutrition education program was developed during the course and food consumption data were collected by means of a food frequency questionnaire in both initial and final moments. In addition, the body mass index was determined. RESULTS: The initial morning cortisol level was lower with respect to the final morning level (P < 0.05), with higher levels in females (P < 0.05). In the final determination, the morning cortisol was also higher in girls (P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in body mass index. 23.8% of students referred fewer consumption of carbonated beverages after the intervention program, while 28.57% reported having breakfast before leaving home. A reduction in the consumption of fruit at the end of the study was observed. DISCUSSION: To properly assess whether the observed changes are related to the nutrition education program or with the stressful situation due to the proximity of the exams, which would imply an increase in the intake, more studies would be necessary at the different stages of the course.


Objetivos: Analizar el nivel de estrés, en distintos momentos académicos, mediante la determinación de cortisol salivar y evaluar la influencia de dicho nivel de estrés en la eficacia de un programa de educación nutricional en adolescentes. Métodos: Se determinó el cortisol salival (mañana y noche) de 42 estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria, al inicio de curso y en el momento previo a los exámenes finales. Se desarrolló durante el curso un programa de educación nutricional y se recogieron datos de consumo de alimentos mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia en ambos momentos inicial y final. Igualmente, se determinó el índice de masa corporal. Resultados: El cortisol de mañana inicial fue menor que el de mañana final (P < 0,05), con niveles más elevados en las chicas (P < 0,05). En la determinación final, el cortisol de mañana también resultó más elevado en las chicas (P < 0,01). No hubo variaciones significativas en el índice de masa corporal. El 23.8% de los estudiantes refirió ingerir menos bebidas carbonatadas tras la intervención, mientras que el 28,57% destacó el hecho de haber incluido el desayuno antes de salir de casa. Se observó una reducción del consumo de frutas al final del estudio. Discusión: Para valorar adecuadamente si los cambios están relacionados con el programa de educación nutricional o con la situación estresante debida a la proximidad de los exámenes, que implicaría un aumento en la ingesta, serían necesarios más estudios a realizar en diferentes etapas del curso académico.


Assuntos
Educação em Saúde , Hidrocortisona/química , Saliva/química , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Bebidas Gaseificadas , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ciências da Nutrição , Caracteres Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(4): 1219-26, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23889645

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Is there a group of psychometric variables, which correlates with the criteria of an interdisciplinary team about the course of ED? OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between the clinic criteria of an interdisciplinary team with respect to the course of eating disorders (ED) and different psychometric criteria. METHODS: The course was analysed in a final sample of 30 ED outpatients during their six first months of treatment. A scale of clinical criteria of the course of ED (therapeutic team's opinion) and different questionnaires on psychological, psychopathological and eating-related variables were used. The statistical analysis comprised of a discriminant analysis in order to find the variables with a discriminant function to distinguish between a fair-bad course and a good course. RESULTS: Perceived stress, self-esteem, the variables of the SCL-90-R, depression, thought-shape fusion, anxiety, food craving and the score on body shape questionnaire were found to have discriminant function. Comparing the therapeutic team's criteria and the results of the questionnaires a 10% of patients were misclassified. DISCUSSION: The results highlight the necessary and permanent checking of the relationship among the clinical criteria regarding the course of ED (members' team opinion) and different psychological, psychopathological and eating-related variables.


Introducción: ¿Existe un grupo de variables psicométricas que correlacione con el criterio de un equipo terapéutico interdisciplinar acerca del curso de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria? Objetivos: El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre criterios clínicos de un equipo terapéutico interdisciplinar con respecto al curso de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y diferentes criterios psicométricos. Métodos: La evolución fue analizada en una muestra final de 30 pacientes ambulatorios con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria durante los seis primeros meses de tratamiento. Una escala de criterios clínicos (la opinión del equipo terapéutico) y diferentes cuestionarios sobre variables psicológicas, psicopatológicas y relacionadas con la conducta alimentaria fueron utilizadas. Se llevó a cabo un análisis discriminante a fin de encontrar variables con función discriminante para distinguir una buena evolución de otras evoluciones. Resultados: El estrés percibido, autoestima, las variables contenidas en el listado de síntomas de Derogatis, la fusión pensamiento-forma, ansiedad, food craving y la puntuación en el cuestionario de imagen corporal tienen una función discriminante. Comparando los criterios del equipo terapéutico con los resultados de los cuestionarios, un 10% de los pacientes resultaron estar mal clasificados. Discusión: Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesaria y permanente evaluación a llevar a cabo entre los criterios clínicos con respecto a la evolución de los pacientes y el resultado de la medición de diferentes variables psicométricas, tanto psicológicas como psicopatológicas y relacionadas con la conducta alimentaria.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Psicometria , Adaptação Psicológica , Anorexia/psicologia , Imagem Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Análise Discriminante , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Qualidade de Vida , Autoimagem , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Nutr. hosp ; 28(1): 211-216, ene.-feb. 2013. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-123131

RESUMO

Objetivos: Analizar el nivel de estrés, en distintos momentos académicos, mediante la determinación de cortisol salivar y evaluar la influencia de dicho nivel de estrés en la eficacia de un programa de educación nutricional en adolescentes. Métodos: Se determinó el cortisol salival (mañana y noche) de 42 estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria, al inicio de curso y en el momento previo a los exámenes finales. Se desarrolló durante el curso un programa de educación nutricional y se recogieron datos de consumo de alimentos mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia en ambos momentos inicial y final. Igualmente, se determinó el índice de masa corporal. Resultados: El cortisol de mañana inicial fue menor que el de mañana final (p < 0,05), con niveles más elevados en las chicas (p < 0,05). En la determinación final, el cortisol de mañana también resultó más elevado en las chicas (p < 0,01). No hubo variaciones significativas en el índice de masa corporal. El 23.8% de los estudiantes refirió ingerir menos bebidas carbonatadas tras la intervención, mientras que el 28,57% destacó el hecho de haber incluido el desayuno antes de salir de casa. Se observó una reducción del consumo de frutas al final del estudio. Discusión: Para valorar adecuadamente si los cambios están relacionados con el programa de educación nutricional o con la situación estresante debida a la proximidad de los exámenes, que implicaría un aumento en la ingesta, serían necesarios más estudios a realizar en diferentes etapas del curso académico(AU)


Objectives: To analyse the stress level at different academic times, by measuring salivary cortisol and assessing the influence of the stress level on the effectiveness of a nutrition education program for adolescents. Methods: Salivary cortisol of 42 compulsory secondary education students was determined (morning and evening) at the beginning of the course and in the time prior to final exams. A nutrition education program was developed during the course and food consumption data were collected by means of a food frequency questionnaire in both initial and final moments. In addition, the body mass index was determined. Results: The initial morning cortisol level was lower with respect to the final morning level (p <0.05), with higher levels in females (p <0.05). In the final determination, the morning cortisol was also higher in girls (p <0.01). There were no significant changes in body mass index. 23.8% of students referred fewer consumption of carbonated beverages after the intervention program, while 28.57% reported having breakfast before leaving home. A reduction in the consumption of fruit at the end of the study was observed. Discussion: To properly assess whether the observed changes are related to the nutrition education program or with the stressful situation due to the proximity of the exams, which would imply an increase in the intake, more studies would be necessary at the different stages of the course (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Hidrocortisona/análise , Saliva/química , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Comportamento Alimentar , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções
9.
Nutr Hosp ; 28(6): 2188-93, 2013 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24506400

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Recently, it has been reported that food choices of relatives of eating disorder (ED) patients are not adequate having in mind a healthy model of eating habits. The aim of this study was to analyse how work conditions relate to parents' food choice coping strategies in both families with a member suffering from an ED and families with no sick members. In addition, the differences in those strategies between the two types of working parents were studied. METHODS: A total of 80 employed fathers (n = 27) and mothers (n = 53) of patients with an ED (n =50) and healthy offsprings (n = 30) were interviewed. The mean age was 43.57 ± 5.69 and they had moderate incomes. Food choice coping strategies, used by working parents to integrate work and family demands, were measured by means of 22 items included in five categories. RESULTS: Considering the food choice coping strategies, ED patients' relatives show better skills than relatives of healthy offsprings do. The fact of preparing more meals at home and less fast food as main meal are good examples of those better strategies as well as to miss less number of breakfasts and lunches because of work-family conflict, grabbing less frequently and overeat less after missing a meal. DISCUSSION: The therapeutic effort to improve the food choices of ED patients' relatives, especially when both father and mother work, are a key point to improve the eating habits of ED patients, thus contributing to a better outcome.


Objetivo: recientemente se ha comunicado que la elección de alimentos por parte de familiares de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios no es adecuada teniendo en cuenta un modelo saludable de hábitos de alimentación. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar de que forma las condiciones de trabajo se relacionan con las estrategias de afrontamiento en la elección de alimentos tanto en familias con algún miembro que padece un trastorno alimentario como en otras sin miembros con estos trastornos También se analizaron las diferencias en el tipo de estrategias usadas por unas y otras familias. Métodos: Un total de 80 padres (n = 27) y madres (n = 53) de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios (n = 50), con trabajo extra-doméstico, e hijos sin alteraciones psicopatológicas (n = 30) fueron entrevistados. La edad media fue de 43.57 ± 5.69 años y los ingresos económicos fueron moderados. Las estrategias de afrontamiento en la elección de alimentos usadas para integrar vida laboral y familiar fueron evaluadas mediante 22 ítems incluidos en cinco categorías. Resultados: Los padres y madres de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios presentaron mejores estrategias que los de hijos sin patologías. El hecho de preparar más comidas en casa y usar menos comida rápida como comida principal son algunos ejemplos de esas mejores estrategias así como presentar menos pérdidas de desayunos y almuerzos debido al conflicto familia-trabajo, presentar menor picoteo y menor frecuencia de sobreingestas tras haber perdido alguna comida. Discusión: El esfuerzo terapéutico para mejorar la elección de alimentos en los padres de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios, especialmente cuando ambos trabajan fuera de casa, es un punto clave para mejorar los hábitos de alimentación de los pacientes contribuyendo ello a unos mejores resultados del tratamiento global.


Assuntos
Comportamento de Escolha , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Alimentos , Adulto , Pai , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mães , Pais , Satisfação Pessoal
10.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(6): 1928-1935, nov.-dic. 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-112175

RESUMO

Introduction: Food craving consists of a strong motivational state whereby a person is driven to seek and ingest a specifically desired food. Objectives: To explore the influence of mental imagery on the food craving experience as well as to analyse the role of different psychological variables. Methods: Participants consisted of 65 normal weight undergraduate students. An experimental induction of food craving was analysed considering the actual previous craving and the induced one as a state food craving. Measures of trait food craving, imaging ability, dietary restraint, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies were considered. Results: Sweet foods in general and chocolate in particular were the most craved foods. During the induction thoughts and images were the most highly rated triggers, and all the different sensory modalities were involved. Anxiety, depression, and negative coping strategies influenced the results with regards to the food craving. Discussion: This study confirms the role of mental imagery, the correlation between state and trait food craving, and the influence of different psychological variables on the food craving (AU)


Introducción: El food craving se define como un fuerte estado motivacional por el que una persona se ve impulsada a buscar e ingerir un alimento específicamente deseado. Objetivos: Explorar la influencia de las imágenes mentales sobre la experiencia de food craving, así como analizar el papel de diferentes variables psicológicas. Métodos: Los participantes fueron 65 estudiantes de pregrado de peso normal. Se analizó un modelo de provocación experimental de food craving teniendo en cuenta el deseo real previo al experimento y el inducido durante el mismo como medida de estado. Medidas de food craving habitual, capacidad de formación de imágenes, restricción dietética, ansiedad, depresión y estrategias de afrontamiento fueron consideradas. Resultados: Los alimentos dulces en general y el chocolate, en particular, fueron los alimentos más ansiados. Durante la inducción, los pensamientos y las imágenes fueron los desencadenantes más potentes y todas las modalidades sensoriales estuvieron involucradas. Las variables ansiedad, depresión y estrategias de afrontamiento negativas influyeron en los resultados con respecto al food craving inducido. Discusión: Este estudio confirma el papel de las imágenes mentales, la correlación entre estado y rasgo de food craving y la influencia de diferentes variables psicológicas en el mismo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Motivação , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Dieta Redutora/psicologia , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia
11.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(3): 908-13, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23114953

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the lipid profile in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the changes with refeeding. METHODS: The sample comprised 102 AN outpatients (mean age 22.32 ± 3.17). Blood tests, after 12-hour overnight fast, were performed before refeeding (M(0)) and after weight restoration (M(1)). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TRG) were determined and the following cardiovascular risk markers were calculated: LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios. These cut-off points were considered: TC < 200 mg/dl; HDL > 40 mg/dl; LDL < 100 mg/dl and TRG < 150 mg/dl. RESULTS: The time leading to weight restoration was 8.16 ± 7.35 months. Considering patients with scores higher and lower than the corresponding cut-off points, X²-test revealed a significant difference (M(0)-M(1)) in case of TC (p < 0.05) as well as between LDL/HDL(0) and LDL/HDL(1) (p < 0.05) and between TC/HDL(0) and TC/HDL(1) (p < 0.01). Significant differences were found between HDL(0) and HDL(1) (p < 0.01) and between TRG(0) and TRG(1) (p < 0.01). Significant and negative associations between BMI(0) and TC(0) (r = -0.331; p < 0.05) and between TRG(0) and HDL(0) (r = -0.387; p < 0.05) were found. The association between TRG(1) and LDL(1) was significant and positive. DISCUSSION: Weight restoration tends to decrease the TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios despite a considerable percentage of patients maintain scores on the different variables of the lipid profile usually considered at risk.


Assuntos
Anorexia/complicações , Anorexia/terapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Lipídeos/sangue , Apoio Nutricional , Adulto , Anorexia/sangue , Índice de Massa Corporal , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Adulto Jovem
12.
Nutr. hosp ; 27(3): 908-913, mayo-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-106226

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the lipid profile in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the changes with refeeding. Methods: The sample comprised 102 AN outpatients (mean age 22.32 ± 3.17). Blood tests, after 12-hour overnight fast, were performed before refeeding (M0) and after weight restoration (M1). Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides (TRG) were determined and the following cardiovascular risk markers were calculated: LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios. These cut-off points were considered: TC < 200 mg/dl; HDL > 40 mg/dl; LDL < 100 mg/dl and TRG < 150 mg/dl. Results: The time leading to weight restoration was 8.16 ± 7.35 months. Considering patients with scores higher and lower than the corresponding cut-off points, X2-test revealed a significant difference (M0-M1) in case of TC (p < 0.05) as well as between LDL/HDL0 and LDL/HDL1 (p < 0.05) and between TC/HDL0 and TC/HDL1 (p < 0.01). Significant differences were found between HDL0 and HDL1 (p < 0.01) and between TRG0 and TRG1 (p < 0.01). Significant and negative associations between BMI0 and TC0 (r = -0.331; p < 0.05) and between TRG0 and HDL0 (r = -0.387; p < 0.05) were found. The association between TRG1 and LDL1 was significant and positive. Discussion: Weight restoration tends to decrease the TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios despite a considerable percentage of patients maintain scores on the different variables of the lipid profile usually considered at risk (AU)


Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el perfil lipídico en pacientes con anorexia nerviosa (AN) y los cambios con la realimentación. Métodos: Se estudiaron 102 pacientes ambulatorios con AN (edad media de 22,32 ± 3,17). Se determinaron en sangre, tras de 12 horas en ayunas, antes de la realimentación (M0) y después de la recuperación del peso (M1), colesterol total (CT), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y triglicéridos (TRG) y se calcularon los siguientes marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular: LDL/HDL y CT/HDL ratios. Se consideraron los siguientes puntos de corte: CT < 200 mg/dl, HDL > 40 mg/dl, LDL <100 mg/dl y TRG < 150 mg/dl. Resultados: El tiempo para la recuperación del peso fue de 8,16 ± 7,35 meses. Teniendo en cuenta los pacientes con puntuaciones superiores e inferiores a los correspondientes puntos de corte, el test de Χ2 reveló una diferencia significativa (M0-M1) en el caso de CT (p < 0,05), así como entre LDL/HDL0 y LDL/HDL1 (p < 0,05) y entre TC/HDL0 y TC/HDL1 (p < 0,01). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el HDL0 y HDL1 (p < 0,01) y entre TRG0 y TRG1 (p < 0,01). Se obtuvieron asociaciones significativas y negativas entre BMI0 y CT0 (r = -0,331, p < 0,05) y entre TRG0 y HDL0 (r = -0,387, p < 0,05) se encontraron. La asociación entre TRG1 y LDL1 fue significativa y positiva. Debate: La recuperación del peso tiende a disminuir los índices TC/HDL y LDL/HDL a pesar de que un considerable porcentaje de pacientes mantiene puntuaciones en las distintas variables del perfil lipídico generalmente consideradas de riesgo (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos do Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/epidemiologia , Anorexia Nervosa/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Realimentação/fisiopatologia
13.
Nutr Hosp ; 27(6): 1928-35, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23588440

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Food craving consists of a strong motivational state whereby a person is driven to seek and ingest a specifically desired food. OBJECTIVES: To explore the influence of mental imagery on the food craving experience as well as to analyse the role of different psychological variables. METHODS: Participants consisted of 65 normal weight undergraduate students. An experimental induction of food craving was analysed considering the actual previous craving and the induced one as a state food craving. Measures of trait food craving, imaging ability, dietary restraint, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies were considered. RESULTS: Sweet foods in general and chocolate in particular were the most craved foods. During the induction thoughts and images were the most highly rated triggers, and all the different sensory modalities were involved. Anxiety, depression, and negative coping strategies influenced the results with regards to the food craving. DISCUSSION: This study confirms the role of mental imagery, the correlation between state and trait food craving, and the influence of different psychological variables on the food craving.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Afeto/fisiologia , Apetite/fisiologia , Dieta , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Imaginação/fisiologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivação , Estudantes , Adulto Jovem
14.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1313-1321, nov.-dic. 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104805

RESUMO

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Food Choice Questionnaire(FCQ) in Spanish population (FCQ-SP), its factor structure and internal consistency. In addition, the relationships between the FCQ-SP and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Irrational Food Beliefs Scale(IFBS), and the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 (EDI-3)were analysed in order to explore the validity of the FCQSP. Possible gender differences in the food choice pattern were analysed. Methods: The sample comprised 255 women and 50men, ranged from 25 to 64 years. In order to get a better interpretation of the results associated with changes based on the age, the participants were grouped in four age intervals (25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64). All the participants were relatives of secondary and high school students in three schools of Seville and Cordoba. Results: The factor analysis yields the seven following factors: mood, health and natural content, sensory appeal, weight control, convenience, familiarity, and price. The internal consistency was determined by means of the Cronbach’s α coefficients, which ranged from 0.70to 0.83 for the different components. With regards to the food choice profile, sensory appeal was the most motivating factor to choose food, followed by price and weight control. With respect to gender differences, women showed higher scores than men in all components except in the case of price. Discussion: The FCQ-SP has adequate psychometric properties to be applied to Spanish population, and it is useful to explore the consumers’ motivation with regards to food choice (AU)


Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Elección de Alimentos (FCQ) en población española, su estructura factorial y consistencia interna, además de las relaciones entre el FCQ y el Cuestionario de Salud General (GHQ), la Escala de Creencias Irracionales sobre los Alimentos (IFBS) y el Inventario de Trastornos Alimentarios-3 (EDI-3), con el fin de explorarla validez del FCQ. También se analizaron las posibles diferencias de género en el patrón de elección de los alimentos. Métodos: La muestra estuvo formada por 255 mujeres y 50 hombres, con edades entre de 25 a 64 años. Para interpretar los resultados asociados a cambios en función de la edad, se establecieron cuatro intervalos de edad (25-34, 35-44, 45-54 y 55-64). Todos los participantes eran familiares de estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato en tres escuelas de Sevilla y Córdoba. Resultados: El análisis factorial reveló siete factores: estado de ánimo, salud y contenido natural de los alimentos, atractivo sensorial, control del peso, comodidad, familiaridad y precio. La consistencia interna se determinó mediante los coeficientes α de Cronbach, que variaron desde 0,70 hasta 0,83 para los distintos componentes. El atractivo sensorial fue el factor más motivador para elegir los alimentos, seguido por el precio y el control del peso. Las mujeres mostraron puntuaciones más altas que los hombres en todos los componentes excepto en el caso del precio. Discusión: El FCQ tiene adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para ser aplicado en población española, siendo útil para explorar la motivación de los consumidores en la elección de alimentos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Preferências Alimentares/psicologia , Motivação , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Distribuição por Sexo , 24457 , Modalidades Alimentares , Dietas da Moda
15.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1363-1371, nov.-dic. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104812

RESUMO

Objective: The study begins by analysing the psychometric properties of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index-Short Form (NDI-SF), before moving on to study quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) and the psychopathological features that underlie the disorder in three groups of subjects: patients with eating disorders(ED), psychiatric patients (non-ED), and a group of students, all of whom fulfilled Rome III criteria for FD. The analysis specifically focused on the relationship between thought-shape fusion (TSF) and functional dyspepsia, and hence on the potential repercussions this could have on the quality of life of patients with eating disorders. Methods: The sample comprised 78 ED outpatients, 77non-ED outpatients, and 90 university students, all of them with associated FD (Rome III criteria). The mental disorders (ED and non-ED) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV-RT. In all cases, the symptoms of dyspepsia, the related quality of life, anxiety, depression, and TSF were determined. Results: Satiation and bloating were significantly higher in ED patients. Correlations between dyspepsia and TSF were initially positive and significant in all cases, but significance was only maintained in the group of ED patients after controlling for the other psychopathological variables. Regarding the ED group, the regression analysis revealed the following predictors of quality of life: dyspepsia, depressive symptomatology, TSF-conceptual, TSF-interpretative and total TSF. Discussion: The cognitive distortion of TSF appears to constitute a general bias common to all eating disorders, with specific effect on the characteristic symptoms of FD (AU)


Objetivo: se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del Nepean Dyspepsia Índex-Short Form (NDI-SF), previo al estudio de la calidad de vida en pacientes con dispepsia funcional (DF) y variables psicopatológicas subyacentes a dicho trastorno en pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), pacientes psiquiátricos (no TCA) y un grupo de estudiantes, todos ellos con criterios Roma III de DF. El análisis se centró específicamente en la relación entre la fusión pensamiento-forma (TSF) y la DF, y en las repercusiones que ello podría tener en la calidad de vida de los pacientes TCA. Métodos: la muestra comprendía pacientes en tratamiento ambulatorio (78 con TCA y 77 no TCA, con criterios DSM IV-TR) y 90 estudiantes universitarios, todos ellos con DF (criterios de Roma III). Se valoraron los síntomas de dispepsia, la calidad de vida relacionada con ella, la ansiedad, la depresión y el constructo TSF. Resultados: La saciedad y la hinchazón fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes TCA. Las correlaciones entre la dispepsia y TSF fueron positivas y significativas en todos los casos, pero sólo se mantuvo la significación en el grupo de pacientes TCA tras controlar el resto de variables psicopatológicas. En cuanto al grupo de TCA, el análisis de regresión reveló los siguientes predictores de la calidad de vida: dispepsia, sintomatología depresiva, TSF-conceptual, TSF-interpretativo y TSF total. Discusión: la distorsión cognitiva TSF parece constituir un sesgo general, común a todos los TCA, con efecto específico sobre los síntomas característicos de dispepsia funcional (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Dispepsia/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia
16.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(6): 1402-1411, nov.-dic. 2011. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-104817

RESUMO

Objective: The aim was to induce the thought-shape fusion (TSF) distortion experimentally, testing: a)Whether the TSF distortion could be induced by anxiety in general or if it had a specific relationship with thoughts related to the intake of fattening foods; b) Whether the TSF could be induced in non-clinical participants as well as in the eating disorder patients; c) Whether participants with more appropriate coping strategies would experience less TSF than those who showed inadequate copings trategies; and d) That TSF could have behavioural effects (e.g., neutralization of TSF and food intake)related to emotions. Methods: The sample comprised two groups (eating disorder patients and students), with 45 participants each, aged between 18 and 25 years, 92.50% and 86.7% of women in the eating disorders group and the students group respectively. The two groups underwent three experimental conditions (TSF, anxiety, and control),measuring the results with regards to the emotional and behavioural responses. Results: Participants in the TSF induction condition reported more guilt, more feelings of fatness, more likelihood of weight gain, and higher degree of moral wrongdoing compared with participants in both the anxiety and control induction conditions. The effect of the adequate coping strategies in decreasing the strength of the TSFbias was confirmed in both eating disorder patients and non-clinical participants. Discussion: The study of the TSF distortion may have relevant implications in terms of treatment and prognostic of eating disorders. This distortion may be involved in the development and maintenance of eating disorder psychopathology (AU)


Objetivo: El objetivo fue inducir la distorsión fusión pensamiento-forma (TSF) experimentalmente, comprobando: a) Si la distorsión TSF puede ser inducida por la ansiedad en general o si hay una relación específica con pensamientos relacionados con la ingesta de alimentos que engordan; b) Si la TSF se podría inducir en los participantes no clínicos, así como en los pacientes con trastornos alimentarios, c) Si los participantes con estrategias de afrontamiento más apropiada experimentarían menos TSF que los que muestran inadecuadas estrategias de afrontamiento, y d) Que la TSF podría tener efectos conductuales (por ejemplo, la neutralización de la TSF y la ingesta de alimentos) en relación con las emociones. Métodos: La muestra estaba compuesta por dos grupos(pacientes con trastornos alimentarios y estudiantes), con45 participantes cada uno, de edades comprendidas entre18 y 25 años, con 92,50% y el 86,7% de mujeres en el grupo de trastornos alimentarios y en el de estudiantes, respectivamente. Los dos grupos se sometieron a tres condiciones experimentales (TSF, ansiedad y control),midiendo los resultados con respecto a las respuestas emocionales y conductuales. Resultados: Los participantes en la condición de inducción TSF presentaron más culpa, más sentimientos de gordura, más probabilidad de aumento de peso y un mayor sentimiento de haber hecho algo moralmente incorrecto, comparando con las condiciones de ansiedad y control. El efecto de unas adecuadas estrategias de afrontamiento en la disminución de la fuerza de la distorsión TSF fue confirmado tanto en pacientes con trastornos alimentarios como en los participantes no clínicos. Discusión: El estudio de la distorsión TSF puede tener implicaciones relevantes en términos de tratamiento y pronóstico de los trastornos alimentarios. Esta distorsión puede estar involucrada en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de la psicopatología de estos trastornos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Pensamento , Autoimagem , Estratégias de Saúde , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia
17.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs ; 18(8): 728-35, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21896116

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to analyse the parental bonding profiles in patients with eating disorders (ED), as well as the relationship among the different styles of parenting and some psychological and psychopathological variables. In addition, the association between the perceived parental bonding and different coping strategies was analysed. Perception of parenting styles was analysed in a sample of 70 ED patients. The Parental Bonding Instrument, Self-Esteem Scale of Rosenberg, Coping Strategies Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Eating Disorders Inventory-2 were used. Kruskal-Wallis test (comparisons), Spearman correlation coefficients (association among different variables) and χ(2)-test (parental bonding profiles differences) were applied. The stereotyped style among ED patients is low care-high control during the first 16 years, and the same can be said about current styles of the mothers. Between 8.6% and 12.9% of the patients perceive their parents' styles as neglectful. The neglectful parenting is the style mainly involved in the specific ED symptoms as drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction and bulimia. In order to achieve a better balanced parents' role during the treatment, it would be necessary to improve the role of the mothers as caregivers, decreasing their role mainly based on the overprotection.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Pais-Filho , Autoimagem , Adulto Jovem
18.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(1): 201-7, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21519748

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Research on the influence of body shape model on adolescent males is scarce. The current study aimed to assess this influence among adult males involved in intense physical activity and to determine its relationship to eating behaviour. Possible variations between 1998 and 2008 were also analysed. METHOD: A total of 950 males (672 in 1998 and 278 in 2008), all aspiring professional soldiers, were studied using the Questionnaire of Influences on Body Shape Model (CIMEC-V) and the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), as well as by assessing their physical/sporting activity and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: Scores on the CIMEC-V were significantly correlated with the EAT-40 and BMI. As regards physical activity the only positive correlation referred to gym-based exercise. A cluster analysis revealed two subgroups with respect to physical activity, BMI, and scores on the CIMEC-V and EAT-40. One of them scored higher on these three variables and they also had a BMI > 25. The comparative study of data from 1998 and 2008 showed significant changes in some variables. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, the results differ considerably from those reported for younger samples (which would suggest a lower risk of disordered eating behaviour). However, there is a higher risk group in which the influence of body shape models, physical activity and eating behaviour are related to greater body volume. The influence of the body shape model on males has increased, especially as regards the influence of friends and in terms of behaviours aimed at weight loss.


Assuntos
Imagem Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude , Índice de Massa Corporal , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Medição de Risco , Meio Social , Esportes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
19.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(1): 201-207, ene.-feb. 2011. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-94142

RESUMO

Objectives: Research on the influence of body shape model on adolescent males is scarce. The current study aimed to assess this influence among adult males involved in intense physical activity and to determine its relationship to eating behaviour. Possible variations between 1998 and 2008 were also analysed. Method: A total of 950 males (672 in 1998 and 278 in 2008), all aspiring professional soldiers, were studied using the Questionnaire of Influences on Body Shape Model (CIMEC-V) and the Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40), as well as by assessing their physical/sporting activity and body mass index (BMI). Results: Scores on the CIMEC-V were significantly correlated with the EAT-40 and BMI. As regards physical activity the only positive correlation referred to gym-based exercise. A cluster analysis revealed two subgroups with respect to physical activity, BMI, and scores on the CIMEC-V and EAT-40. One of them scored higher on these three variables and they also had a BMI > 25. The comparative study of data from 1998 and 2008 showed significant changes in some variables. Conclusions: Generally, the results differ considerably from those reported for younger samples (which would suggest a lower risk of disordered eating behaviour). However, there is a higher risk group in which the influence of body shape models, physical activity and eating behaviour are related to greater body volume. The influence of the body shape model on males has increased, especially as regards the influence of friends and in terms of behaviours aimed at weight loss (AU)


Objetivos: La investigación sobre la influencia del modelo estético corporal en varones adolescentes es escasa. El presente estudio analiza tal influencia en varones con intensa actividad física y su influencia en la conducta alimentaria. También fueron analizadas las posibles variaciones entre 1998 y 2008. Método: Un total de 950 varones (672 en 1998 y 278 en 2008), aspirante a soldado profesional, fueron evaluados usando el Cuestionario de Influencia del Modelo Estético Corporal (CIMEC) y el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias (EAT), así como evaluando su actividad físico-deportiva y el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). Resultados: Las puntuaciones del CIMEC correlacionaron significativamente con el EAT-40 y el IMC. En cuanto a la actividad física, la única correlación positiva fue la referente a la actividad física en el gimnasio. El análisis de conglomerados mostró dos grupos con respecto a actividad física, IMC y puntuaciones del CIMEC-V y EAT-40. Uno de ellos puntuó más en esas tres variables, presentando un IMC > 25. La comparación de datos de 1998 y 2008 mostró cambios significativos en algunas de las variables. Discusión: Los resultados difieren considerablemente de los recogidos en muestras de menos edad (lo que podría indicar menos riesgo de alteraciones alimentarias). Sin embargo, hay un grupo de mayor riesgo en el que la influencia del modelo estético corporal, la actividad física y la conducta alimentaria están relacionados con un mayor volumen corporal. La influencia del modelo estético en varones ha aumentado, especialmente la de los amigos y la relacionada con conductas dirigidas a perder peso (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Imagem Corporal , Autoimagem , Atividade Motora , Fatores de Risco , Sobrepeso/psicologia
20.
Nutr Hosp ; 26(6): 1313-21, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22411377

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) in Spanish population (FCQ-SP), its factor structure and internal consistency. In addition, the relationships between the FCQ-SP and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Irrational Food Beliefs Scale (IFBS), and the Eating Disorders Inventory-3 (EDI-3) were analysed in order to explore the validity of the FCQSP. Possible gender differences in the food choice pattern were analysed. METHODS: The sample comprised 255 women and 50 men, ranged from 25 to 64 years. In order to get a better interpretation of the results associated with changes based on the age, the participants were grouped in four age intervals (25-34, 35-44, 45-54, and 55-64). All the participants were relatives of secondary and high school students in three schools of Seville and Cordoba. RESULTS: The factor analysis yields the seven following factors: mood, health and natural content, sensory appeal, weight control, convenience, familiarity, and price. The internal consistency was determined by means of the Cronbach's α coefficients, which ranged from 0.70 to 0.83 for the different components. With regards to the food choice profile, sensory appeal was the most motivating factor to choose food, followed by price and weight control. With respect to gender differences, women showed higher scores than men in all components except in the case of price. DISCUSSION: The FCQ-SP has adequate psychometric properties to be applied to Spanish population, and it is useful to explore the consumers' motivation with regards to food choice.


Assuntos
Preferências Alimentares , Motivação , Adulto , Afeto , Fatores Etários , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Cultura , Análise Fatorial , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Alimentos/economia , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários , Paladar/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
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