Clinical and Virological Features of SARS-CoV-2 Variants during the Four Waves of the Pandemic in the Mexican Southeast.

We conducted a retrospective study using a population of patients who were hospitalized at Dr. Juan Graham Casasus Hospital in Villahermosa (Tabasco, Mexico) and had a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between June 2020 and January 2022. We analyzed all medical records, including demographic data, SARS-CoV-2 exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs at admission, laboratory findings during the hospital stay, outcome, and whole-genome sequencing data. Finally, the data were analyzed in different sub-groups according to distribution during waves of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding Mexican reports from June 2020 to January 2022. Of the 200 patients who tested positive via PCR for SARS-CoV-2, only 197 had samples that could be sequenced. Of the samples, 58.9% (n = 116) were males and 41.1% (n = 81) females, with a median age of 61.7 ± 17.0 years. Comparisons between the waves of the pandemic revealed there were significant differences in the fourth wave: the age of patients was higher (p = 0.002); comorbidities such as obesity were lower (p = 0.000), while CKD was higher (p = 0.011); and hospital stays were shorter (p = 0.003). The SARS-CoV-2 sequences revealed the presence of 11 clades in the study population. Overall, we found that adult patients admitted to a third-level Mexican hospital had a wide range of clinical presentations. The current study provides evidence for the simultaneous circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the four pandemic waves.

Identification and functional analysis of c.422_423InsT, a novel mutation of the HNF1A gene in a patient with diabetes.

BACKGROUND: HNF1A gene regulates liver-specific genes, and genes that have a role in glucose metabolism, transport, and secretion of insulin. HNF1A gene mutations are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes. HNF1A protein has three domains: the dimerization domain, the DNA-binding domain, and the trans-activation domain. Some mutations in the dimerization or DNA-binding domains have no influence on the normal allele, while others have dominant negative effects. The I27L, A98V, and S487N polymorphisms are common variants of the HNF1A gene; they have been found in T2D and non-diabetic subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: We searched for mutations in the first three exons of the HNF1A gen in an Amerindian population of 71 diabetic patients. DNA sequencing revealed the previously reported I27L polymorphism (c.79A>C) in 53% of diabetic patients and in 67% of the control group. Thus, the I27L/L27L polymorphism might be a marker of Amerindians. In addition, we found the c.422_423InsT mutation in the HNF1A gene of one patient, which had not been previously reported. This mutation resulted in a frame shift of the open reading frame and a new translation stop in codon 187, leading to a truncated polypeptide of 186 amino acids (Q141Hfs*47). This novel mutation affects the DNA-binding capacity of the mutant HNF1A protein by EMSA; its intracellular localization by fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and a dominant-negative effect affecting the DNA-binding capacity of the normal HNF1A by EMSA. We also studied the homology modeling structure to understand the effect of this mutation on its DNA-binding capacity and its dominant negative effect. CONCLUSION: The HNF1A Q141Hfs*47 mutant polypeptide has no DNA-binding capacity and exerts a dominant negative effect on the HNF1A protein. Therefore, it might produce severe phenotypic effects on the expression levels of a set of ß-cell genes. Consequently, its screening should be included in the genetic analysis of diabetic patients after more functional studies are performed.

Prediabetes y diabetes sin asociación con obesidad en jóvenes mexicanos / Pre-diabetes and diabetes without association with overweight or obesity in Mexican youth

El propósito de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de prediabetes y diabetes en jóvenes e nuevo ingreso a una universidad y la relación de estos datos con los índices antropométricos. Participaron 3559 estudiantes, 2257 (61,43%) mujeres ( 18,58 años) y 1725 (36,59%) hombres ( 18,76 años). Se midieron los índices de masa corporal, cintura cadera y cintura talla. Se determinaron glucosa en ayunas, triglicéridos, colesterol total y lipoproteínas de baja y alta densidad. Se hicieron pruebas de razón de posibilidades (RP) y de intervalo de confianza al 95%. Hubo una elevada proporción de sobrepeso-obesidad combinados, 42,29% de mujeres y 52,45% en hombres. Se encontró que ± 10% de mujeres y hombres presentaron glucosa ≥ 5,6 mmol/L (prediabetes) y que ± 1,5% de mujeres y hombres tuvo glucosa ≥ 7 mmol/L (diabetes) sin que se encontrara relación entre este dato y el óndice de masa corporal (RP 0.97 para mujeres y 1,08 para hombres), cintura cadera (RP 1,7 en mujeres y 0.8 en hombres) o cintura talla (RP 1,1 en mujeres y 1,19 en hombres). Hubo triglicéridos elevados en 13,55% de mujeres y 21,04% de hombres y nivel bajo de lipoproteínas de alta densidad en 16% de mujeres y 10% de los hombres. Se encontró que en estos jóvenes la capacidad predictiva de los tres parámetros antropométricos se limitó a triglicéridos en mujeres y hombres (RP 2,4 en mujeres y 3,86 en hombres) y lipoproteínas de alta densidad disminuidas en mujeres (RP 0,42).

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in young in new college students and the relationship of these data with anthropometric indexes. 3559 students took part, 2257 (61,43 %) women ( 18,58 years) and 1725 (36,59%) men ( 18,76 years). Body mass index were measured up as well as waist hip ratio and waist height ratio. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins were determined. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were determined. There was a high proportion of overweight-obesity combined, 42,29% women and 52,45% men. They were founds ± 10% of women and men that presented glucose ≥ 5,6 mmol/L (prediabetes) and ± 1% of women and men that had glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L (diabetes). No relationship was found between this data and body mass index (OR 0,97women and 1.08 men), waist hip ratio (OR 1,7 women and 0.8 men) or waist height ratio (OR 1,1 women and 1.19 men). There was elevated triglycerides in 13,55% of women and 21,04% of men and a low level of high density lipoprotein in 16% of women and 10% of men. We found that in these young people the predictive power of the three anthropometric parameters was limited to triglycerides in women and men (OR 2,4 and 3.86) and low high density lipoproteins in women (OR 0,42).

[Pre-diabetes and diabetes without association with overweight or obesity in Mexican youth]. / Prediabetes y diabetes sin asociación con obesidad en jóvenes mexicanos.

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in young in new college students and the relationship of these data with anthropometric indexes. 3559 students took part, 2257 (61.43%) women (X 18.58 years) and 1725 (36.59%) men (X 18.76 years). Body mass index were measured up as well as waist hip ratio and waist height ratio. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins were determined. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were determined. There was a high proportion of overweight-obesity combined, 42.29% women and 52.45% men. They were founds +/- 10% of women and men that presented glucose > 5.6 mmol/L (prediabetes) and +/- 1% of women and men that had glucose > or = 7 mmol/L (diabetes). No relationship was found between this data and body mass index (OR 0.97women and 1.08 men), waist hip ratio (OR 1,7 women and 0.8 men) or waist height ratio (OR 1.1 women and 1.19 men). There was elevated triglycerides in 13.55% of women and 21.04% of men and a low level of high density lipoprotein in 16% of women and 10% of men. We found that in these young people the predictive power of the three anthropometric parameters was limited to triglycerides in women and men (OR 2.4 and 3.86) and low high density lipoproteins in women (OR 0.42).

[Geographic distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded zones from Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010]. / Distribución geográfica de casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, 2010.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the geographical distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded areas of Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Universe: Colonies with antecedents of flooding during the inundation of the State, located in Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1th Section, La Manga 2nd Section and La Manga 3th Section. Convenience sample without randomization. VARIABLES: location, dengue fever case. ANALYSIS: descriptive statistic. Software: SPSS version 11.0. RESULTS: 540 individuals were included. The distribution was: Gaviotas Norte, 36.1%; Gaviotas Sur, 24.8%; La Manga 1th Section, 13.8%; La Manga 2nd Section, 13.2%; and La Manga 3th Section, 12.1%. We found three cases with positive serology of IgG (0.6%) and five cases of positive IgM (0.9%). The geographical distribution was associated with the proximity to two water bodies: Rio Grijalva and Laguna El Encanto. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to reinforce preventive interventions in the proximity of bodies of fresh water.

Distribución geográfica de casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, 2010 / Geographic distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded zones from Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010

Objective: To describe the geographical distribution of dengue fever cases in flooded areas of Villahermosa, Tabasco, in 2010. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Universe: Colonies with antecedents of flooding during the inundation of the State, located in Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1th Section, La Manga 2nd Section and La Manga 3th Section. Convenience sample without randomization. Variables: location, dengue fever case. Analysis: descriptive statistic. Software: SPSS version 11.0. Results: 540 individuals were included. The distribution was: Gaviotas Norte, 36.1%; Gaviotas Sur, 24.8%; La Manga 1th Section, 13.8%; La Manga 2nd Section, 13.2%; and La Manga 3th Section, 12.1%. We found three cases with positive serology of IgG (0.6%) and five cases of positive IgM (0.9%). The geographical distribution was associated with the proximity to two water bodies: Rio Grijalva and Laguna El Encanto. Conclusions: It is necessary to reinforce preventive interventions in the proximity of bodies of fresh water.

Objetivo: Describir la distribución geográfica de los casos de fiebre de dengue en zonas anegadas de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México, en el año 2010. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Universo en estudio: colonias con antecedentes de anegación durante las inundaciones del Estado, ubicadas en Villahermosa, Tabasco: Gaviotas Norte, Gaviotas Sur, La Manga 1ª Sección, La Manga 2ª Sección y La Manga 3ª Sección. Muestra: no probabilís-tica por conveniencia. Variables: ubicación, caso de fiebre de dengue. Análisis: estadística descriptiva. Software: SPSS versión 11.0. Resultados: Se incluyeron 540 sujetos, distribuidos en Gaviotas Norte 36,1%; Gaviotas Sur 24,8%; La Manga 1a Sección 13,8%; La Manga 2a Sección 13,2%; La Manga 3a Sección 2,1%. Se encontraron tres casos con serología positiva a IgG (0,6%) y cinco casos con serología positiva a IgM (0,9%). La distribución geográfica de los casos guardó relación con la cercanía a dos cuerpos de agua: Río Grijalva y Laguna El Encanto. Conclusiones: Es necesario reforzar las intervenciones preventivas en zonas cercanas a cuerpos de agua dulce.