Perception of Changing Habits among Italian Children and Adolescents during COVID-19 Quarantine: An Epidemiological Study.

We used an epidemiological study to explore the perception of change in several psychosocial dimensions during the COVID-19 quarantine. We focused on emotions, use of social network sites (SNSs), family life, important relationships, body functions, and school life. Using snowball recruitment, N = 1047 Italian children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents (M = 13.74 ± 3.59) were selected to complete ad hoc online questionnaires. A differential semantic inventory plot was prepared to analyze the emotional experience of children, pre-adolescents, and adolescents during quarantine compared to the pre-quarantine period. The Kruskal-Wallis test was run to assess gender and age differences in emotions experienced, habitual SNS use, and the experience of attending classes remotely. A post hoc Wilcoxon test was performed to compare such differences. Results showed that most of the sample (93.1%) attended classes using technological devices and reported missing their classmates very much (59.3%). Adolescents experienced more negative emotions (M = 3.69 ± 1.33) than pre-adolescents (M = 4.64 ± 1.32), who experienced negative emotions more than children (M = 5.11 ± 1.24). Females were more prone to experience negative emotions compared to males. Adolescents were also the most prolific SNS users (78.1%), particularly female adolescents. Overall, these finding highlight the necessity of preserving the emotional state and relational well-being of youth in these developmental phases by considering their school and social lives.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Roraima State, northern Brazil.

Two new species of Simothraulopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) are described and illustrated, based on recent collections and specimens deposited in the Zoological Collection of Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR), northern Brazil. Simothraulopsis pacaraima sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, short (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and slightly directed laterally, and the penis lobes with a medial knob between them. Simothraulopsis rainori sp. nov. differs from others species by the telopenis being spine-like, mid-sized (less than the half of total length of penis lobes) and ventrally directed with the apex bent outward, and the penis lobes fused in their basal 1/3, with a well-marked sclerotized region; each lobe is laterally swollen and protruding.

Description of the nymph of Miroculis (Miroculis) eldorado Gama-Neto Hamada, 2014 (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera) from Roraima, northern Brazil.

The genus Miroculis Edmunds, 1963 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) is represented by 23 species: two of them aredescribed based solely on nymphs, 10 based solely on male adults, and three based on nymphs and adults  (Domínguez et al., 2006; Gama-Neto Hamada, 2013, 2014; Raimundi et al., 2017). Currently, the genus is represented by six species in Roraima State, Brazil, all are described as adults but only one of them has the nymphal stage described (Gama-Neto Hamada, 2013, 2014; Gama-Neto et al., 2018; Raimundi et al., 2017).