Retrospective analysis of melanocytic lesions in children at the National Cancer Institute-RJ.

Skin cancer is the most common neoplasm in Brazil. Melanoma accounts for 4% of these neoplasms. Although childhood melanoma is rare, there is evidence that its incidence is increasing, placing it among the most important public health problems for the future. This work sought to conduct a retrospective review of cases of suspected melanocytic skin lesions in children, their diagnosis and management, and evaluate the sentinel lymph node biopsy method in some cases of cutaneous melanoma.

Primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma with a good response to radiotherapy.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas have different clinical behavior and prognosis than systemic lymphomas of similar histological subtype. About 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve extranodal tissues, the skin being the second most affected body organ after the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 18%). According to the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification, the lymphoma centrofollicular is indolent, since the lesions increase in size slowly over the years and spread to extracutaneous sites is uncommon. Based on this, radiotherapy has been considered the treatment of choice by many studies. We present the case of a patient who had cutaneous centrofollicular scalp lymphoma for 1 year and showed good response to radiotherapy.

Primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma with a good response to radiotherapy / Linfoma centrofolicular cutaneo primario com boa resposta a radioterapia

Primary cutaneous lymphomas have different clinical behavior and prognosis than systemic lymphomas of similar histological subtype. About 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve extranodal tissues, the skin being the second most affected body organ after the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 18%). According to the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification, the lymphoma centrofollicular is indolent, since the lesions increase in size slowly over the years and spread to extracutaneous sites is uncommon. Based on this, radiotherapy has been considered the treatment of choice by many studies. We present the case of a patient who had cutaneous centrofollicular scalp lymphoma for 1 year and showed good response to radiotherapy.

Os linfomas cutâneos primários têm comportamento clínico e prognóstico diferente dos linfomas sistêmicos de subtipo histológico semelhante. Cerca de 30% dos linfomas não-Hodgkin acometem tecidos extranodais, sendo a pele o segundo órgão mais envolvido após o trato gastrointestinal (aproximadamente 18%). De acordo com a classificação EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer), o linfoma centrofolicular cutâneo é indolente, uma vez que as lesões aumentam de tamanho lentamente ao longo dos anos e a disseminação para sitios extracutâneos é incomum. Com base nisso, a radioterapia tem sido apontada como o tratamento de primeira escolha por muitos estudos. Apresentamos um caso de paciente com linfoma cutâneo centrofolicular no couro cabeludo há 1 ano e que apresentou boa resposta à radioterapia.

Off-label use of rituximab in dermatology: pemphigus treatment.

Since its approval in 1997 by the FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration), rituximab has been used for certain B-cell lymphomas and treatment-resistant rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, over the past 14 years, many case reports have demonstrated the efficacy of off-label rituximab in several dermatological inflammatory conditions. This study describes two cases of pemphigus vulgaris and two cases of pemphigus foliaceous that were treated with rituximab at 375 mg/m2 once a week for 4 weeks, and that responded well to treatment.

Case for diagnosis.

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly affects the female genitalia. Cutaneous involvement with nonhaemorrhagic bullous is very unusual. We describe a case of bullous lichen sclerosus.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder of unknown etiology that most commonly affects the female genitalia. Cutaneous involvement with nonhaemorrhagic bullous is very unusual. We describe a case of bullous lichen sclerosus.

Líquen escleroso é uma doença mucocutânea inflamatória, crônica, de etiologia desconhecida, que afeta mais comumente a genitália feminina. O envolvimento cutâneo com bolhas não hemorrágicas é muito raro. Descrevemos um caso de líquen escleroso bolhoso.

Biopsy guided by dermoscopy in cutaneous pigmented lesion -- case report.

It may be clinically difficult to differentiate early-stage melanoma from benign tumors, specially pigmented seborrheic keratosis. Dermoscopy can help; however, the findings are not always conclusive. Therefore, histopathology may be necessary for a correct diagnosis. We describe a melanocytic lesion with dubious clinic and dermoscopic findings. An incisional biopsy of a suspicious area, guided by dermoscopy, was performed to clarify the findings.

Granuloma piogênico exuberante bilateral: tratamento cirúrgico / Exuberant bilateral pyogenic granuloma: surgical treatment

Granuloma piogênico é uma proliferação vascular comum, que pode ser encontrada na pele e mucosa. Clinicamente se apresenta como lesão nodular, friável, eritematosa e com história de crescimento rápido. O granuloma piogênico ungueal está, geralmente, relacionado à onicocriptose e trauma, sendo muito doloroso nesta localização. Há várias opções de tratamento, incluindo excisão cirúrgica, crioterapia, eletrocauterização, curetagem, lasers, aplicação de ácido tricloroacético, imiquimode e microembolização. Relatamos um caso de granuloma piogênico bilateral nos háluces, de crescimento exuberante, levando a oclusão da placa ungueal. Foi realizado exérese cirúrgica da lesão com bom resultado estético.

Pyogenic granuloma is a common vascular proliferation that can be found on skin and mucous membranes. Its clinical presentation is that of a nodular, friable and erythematous lesion, with fast growth history. The nail bed pyogenic granuloma is generally related to onychocryptosis and trauma, being very painful in that site. There are several treatment options, including surgical excision, cryotherapy, electrocautery, curettage, lasers, application of trichloroacetic acid, imiquimod and microembolization. The present study reports a case of bilateral pyogenic granuloma in the halluces with exuberant growth, leading to the occlusion of the nail plate. The surgical excision of the lesion was performed with good cosmetic results.

Complicação de preenchimento cutâneo após tratamento de hepatite C com interferon e ribavirina / Dermal filling complication after hepatitis C treatment with interferon and ribavirin

Relata-se o caso de paciente portadora de hepatite C, com surgimento de granuloma por corpo estranho nos sulcos nasolabiais e glabela, cinco anos após submeter-se a aplicação de preenchedor cutâneo permanente. A paciente fez uso de interferon e ribavirina para tratar hepatite C durante seis meses, com o surgimento dos granulomas 30 dias após o fim do tratamento. Realizada então terapia com corticoide oral, havendo melhora gradativa do quadro cutâneo.

This article describes the case of a female hepatitis C patient who presented with a foreign body granuloma in the nasolabial folds and glabella five years after receiving an application of permanent dermal filler. The patient used interferon and ribavirin for treating hepatitis C for six months, and the granulomas appeared 30 days after the end of the treatment. Treatment with oral steroids was carried out, with a gradual improvement in the appearance of the skin.

Sarcoidosis simulating syringomas.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The skin is commonly affected. Cutaneous manifestations can mimic other diseases and autoimmune disorders. The dermatologist plays a critical role in elucidating the clinical diagnosis and assisting other specialists in the investigation of a systemic disease. We report a patient with typical cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis with pulmonary involvement.

Sarcoidosis simulating syringomas / Sarcoidose simulando siringomas

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The skin is commonly affected. Cutaneous manifestations can mimic other diseases and autoimmune disorders. The dermatologist plays a critical role in elucidating the clinical diagnosis and assisting other specialists in the investigation of a systemic disease. We report a patient with typical cutaneous manifestation of sarcoidosis with pulmonary involvement.

A sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa de etiologia desconhecida. A pele é comumente afetada. As manifestações cutâneas podem mimetizar outras afecções e desordens auto-imunes. Assim, o dermatologista assume papel fundamental para elucidar o diagnóstico clínico e auxiliar outros especialistas na investigação de uma doença sistêmica. Relatamos um caso de paciente com manifestação cutânea típica de sarcoidose associada com acometimento pulmonar.

Use of cyclosporin in a patient with hepatitis C and pustular psoriasis.

Cyclosporine has been contraindicated in patients with chronic infections such as infection with hepatitis C because of its immunosuppressive effect. Recent studies have shown however that cyclosporine suppresses viral replication and thus cannot exacerbate infection with hepatitis C when employed for treating patients with psoriasis. We present the case of a female patient with psoriasis for 30 years and hepatitis C for 20 years, with diffuse circinate lesions. Improvement in the skin condition and liver enzymes was obtained with the use of cyclosporine, with no adverse effect.

Uso da ciclosporina em paciente portador de hepatite C e psoríase pustulosa / Use of cyclosporin in a patient with hepatitis C and pustular psoriasis

A ciclosporina tem sido contraindicada nos pacientes com infecções crônicas, como a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C, devido ao seu efeito imunossupressor. No entanto, estudos recentes têm demonstrado que a ciclosporina suprime a replicação viral e pode, desta forma, não exacerbar a infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C, quando administrada como tratamento para pacientes com psoríase. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente portadora de psoríase há 30 anos e hepatite C há 20 anos, com lesões circinadas difusas, que apresentou melhora cutânea e das enzimas hepáticas com o uso da ciclosporina, sem apresentar nenhum efeito adverso.

Cyclosporine has been contraindicated in patients with chronic infections such as infection with hepatitis C because of its immunosuppressive effect. Recent studies have shown however that cyclosporine suppresses viral replication and thus cannot exacerbate infection with hepatitis C when employed for treating patients with psoriasis. We present the case of a female patient with psoriasis for 30 years and hepatitis C for 20 years, with diffuse circinate lesions. Improvement in the skin condition and liver enzymes was obtained with the use of cyclosporine, with no adverse effect.