[Tinnitus as a symptom of spontaneous cerebral vein thrombosis]. / Tinnitus als Symptom der spontanen Sinusvenenthrombose.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of tinnitus and headache. We report the case history, clinical presentation, physical examination, imaging studies, therapy, course and outcome of a young patient with CVT. In addition, we present another case with similar findings and varying causes, which could lead to misdiagnoses. With prompt diagnosis and therapy of CVT, full recovery is possible.

[The role of angiography in the diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. / Stellenwert der Angiographie in der Diagnose und Therapie gastrointestinaler Blutungen.

PURPOSE: Evaluation of angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-seven consecutive patients with clinically suspected gastrointestinal bleeding underwent selective angiography of the visceral arteries. If technically possible, patients with radiologically proven hemorrhage underwent selective embolization with microcoils. Not all angiographically detected bleeding vessels were embolized. Clinical outcome was determined from a review of the medical records. RESULTS: 37 patients underwent 43 angiographies, which demonstrated 25 bleedings considered acute and 18 considered chronic. Seventeen patients had previous intestinal surgery. In 9 of the 37 patients, 12 of the 43 (sensitivity: 28 %) hemorrhages were detected. A postoperative bleeding was found in 6 patients. With one exception, all angiographically positive cases were clinically considered to be acute. Transcatheter embolization of the bleeding vessels with microcoils was performed in 6 patients, with 3 patients having the bleeding stopped permanently and 3 patients requiring further surgical treatment. In 3 patients, embolization was not possible for technical reasons. No complications attributable to angiography were seen. CONCLUSION: Angiography should be performed in patients with spontaneous and postoperative gastrointestinal bleeding. Transcatheter embolization is an effective and safe therapeutical option in both clinical settings.

Accommodation, convergence, pupil diameter and eye blinks at a CRT display flickering near fusion limit.

This study investigates possible effects of temporally modulated light stimulation near critical fusion frequency (CFF) when subjects observe a cathode ray tube (CRT) operated at different refresh rates. Various visual functions were measured in a series of tests of 2.5 min duration. In experiment 1, at a repetition rate of 50 Hz mean pupil size was 0.055 mm smaller than at 300 Hz. The precision of convergence and accommodation in binocular vision was not affected. In experiment 2, 300 Hz was compared with the lowest frequency that did not produce visible flicker for each subject. At the lower rate (55 to 90 Hz), mean accommodation in monocular vision was 0.06 D weaker, median eye blink duration was 6% shorter, and mean eye blink interval was 15% longer. Individual differences and possible fatigue effects of intermittent light at visual display units are discussed.

Precise placement of nonius lines on a personal computer screen for measuring fixation disparity.

A method is described for measuring fixation disparity psychophysically using the conventional monitor of a personal computer. Both the nonius test stimuli and the fusion stimulus were presented on the same screen. To be able to adjust the offset of the nonius lines in very small steps, special electronic circuitry was developed that allows up to 16 steps within the pixel separation of the monitor. The method is flexible in that various geometrical dimensions of the visual stimuli and different psychometric procedures can be used.