Change in Defense Mechanisms During a Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

ABSTRACT: Defense mechanisms (DMs) are strategies used by the individuals to protect the ego. Therefore, compulsive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can be recognized as DMs. We analyzed how DMs changed in a brief cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for OCD. This was a quasi-experimental study with 92 OCD patients (aged 18-60 years). We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to confirm OCD diagnosis, and we assessed the DMs with the Defense Style Questionnaire at three time points. Through a latent change score modeling, we found that the mature mechanism presented a constant change during the therapy. This mechanism increased in average 0.37 points at each measured moment of CBT, showing a linear trajectory. Neurotic and immature mechanisms showed no significant changes during therapy. The increased use of the mature mechanism can be an indicator of improvement in OCD treatment, showing that patients intensified their more adaptive responses to conflicts.

Avaliação e características das quedas de pacientes durante a internação hospitalar

Objetivo: Avaliar e caracterizar as quedas de pacientes em um hospital no sul do Brasil. Método: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 73 notificações de quedas em um hospital no sul do Brasil, de janeiro 2016 a dezembro de 2019. Utilizou-se dados secundários obtidos pelo Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente da instituição e da Morse Fall Scale, sendo a análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes que sofreram quedas foi do sexo masculino (60,3%), >61 anos (50,6%), tratamento clínico (89,0%), portadores de neoplasias (43,8%) em uso contínuo de medicações (91,8%). As quedas ocorreram da própria altura (67,1%), no banheiro (56,2%) e no turno da noite (50,0%). Em 50,7% das quedas houve danos ao paciente, sendo os danos considerados como: leve (62,2%), moderado (32,4%) e grave (5,4%). Conclusão: Melhorar a compreensão das quedas e as suas consequências pode auxiliar os profissionais na avaliação dos riscos e no estabelecimento de medidas preventivas.

Objetivo: Evaluar y caracterizar las caídas de pacientes en un hospital del sur de Brasil. Método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 73 notificaciones de caídas en un hospital del sur de Brasil, de enero de 2016 a diciembre de 2019. Se utilizaron datos secundarios obtenidos por el Núcleo de Seguridad del Paciente de la institución y la Escala de Caídas Morse, con análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes que sufrieron caídas fueron hombres (60,3%), >61 años (50,6%), tratamiento clínico (89,0%), portadores de neoplasias (43,8%) en uso de medicación continua (91,8%). Las caídas ocurrieron desde la misma altura (67,1%), en el baño (56,2%) y en el turno de la noche (50,0%). En el 50,7% de las caídas hubo daño al paciente, considerados como: ligero (62,2%), moderado (32,4%) y grave (5,4%). Conclusión: Mejorar la comprensión de las caídas y sus consecuencias puede ayudar a los profesionales de la salud en la evaluación de los riesgos y en el establecimiento de medidas preventivas.

Objective: Evaluate and characterize the patients falls in a hospital in Southern Brazil. Method: Descriptive and retrospective study of 73 reports of falls in a hospital in Southern Brazil, from January 2016 to December 2019. Secondary data obtained by the institution's Patient Safety Center and the Morse Fall Scale were used, in a descriptive statistical analysis. Results: Most of the patients who suffered falls were male (60.3%), >61 years old (50.6%), clinical treatment (89.0%), patients with neoplasms (43.8%) in continuous medication use (91.8%). The falls occurred from their own same height (67.1%), in the bathroom (56.2%) and in the night shift (50.0%). In 50.7% of the falls there was damage to the patient, mild damage (62.2%), moderate damage (32.4%) and severe damage (5.4%). Conclusion: Improving the understanding of falls and their consequences can help health professionals in assessing risks and establishing preventive measures.