RESUMO
Introducción: En pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST (SCASEST), la angioplastia transluminal coronaria es el método de revascularización más utilizado; sin embargo, la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica es una alternativa terapéutica que permite tratar a este tipo de pacientes con buenos resultados. Objetivos: Comparar la evolución hospitalaria y alejada de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica según el cuadro clínico de presentación. Material y métodos: Entre enero de 1998 y julio de 2013 se realizó cirugía de revascularización miocárdica aislada en 3.604 pacientes en forma consecutiva. La población se dividió en pacientes con SCASEST (Grupo SCA, n = 2.079) o con angina crónica estable (Grupo ACE, n = 1.525). Se efectuó un análisis de la morbimortalidad posoperatoria y al seguimiento. Resultados: El Grupo ACE tuvo mayor uso de mamaria bilateral (58,2% vs. 50,3%; p = 0,001) y mayor tiempo operatorio (211 min vs. 203 min; p = 0,002). El Grupo SCA presentó más bajo gasto cardíaco posoperatorio (4,5% vs. 3,1%; p = 0,043). La mortalidad hospitalaria fue mayor en los pacientes con SCA (2,8% vs. 1,8%; p = 0,046). Luego de ajustar por puntaje de riesgo no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la mortalidad hospitalaria (1,3% en ACE vs. 1,6% en SCA; p = 0,681) ni en la tasa de complicaciones posoperatorias. La sobrevida global alejada en el seguimiento a 10 años no fue diferente entre grupos (ACE 85% ± 1,3% vs. SCA 83% ± 1,1%; p = 0,363). El tiempo libre de reintervención a los 10 años fue similar entre ambos grupos (ACE 89,5% ± 1,2% vs. SCA 89,1% ± 0,9%; p = 0,1680). Estos resultados se mantuvieron luego de ajustar por puntaje de riesgo. Conclusiones: Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de revascularización miocárdica en el contexto de un SCASEST presentaron una mortalidad perioperatoria mayor, pero con una evolución a largo plazo similar a la de los pacientes intervenidos en forma electiva. No hubo diferencias en la mortalidad perioperatoria cuando se ajustó por puntaje de riesgo.
Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention is the revascularization procedure most widely used in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS). However, coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a therapeutic alternative which allows treating these patients with a favorable outcome. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare in-hospital and long-term outcome of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery according to their clinical presentation. Methods: Between January 1998 and July 2013, 3604 consecutive patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The population was divided in patients with NSTEACS (ACS Group, n = 2079) or with chronic stable angina (CSA Group, n = 1525). Postoperative and at follow-up morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: The CSA Group had greater use of double mammary artery (58.2% vs. 50.3%; p = 0.001) and longer operative time (211 min vs. 203 min; p = 0.002). The ACS Group presented lower postoperative cardiac output (4.5% vs. 3.1%; p = 0.043) and higher in-hospital mortality (2.8% vs. 1.8%; p = 0.046). After adjusting for risk score, there were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital mortality (1.3% in CSA vs. 1.6% in ACS; p = 0.681) or in the rate of postoperative complications between the two groups. Overall long-term survival at 10 years was not different between groups (CSA 85% ± 1.3% vs. ACS 83% ± 1.1%; p = 0.363). The time-related freedom from reintervention was similar for both groups (CSA 89.5% ± 1.2% vs. ACS 89.1% ± 0.9%; p = 0.1680). These results did not change after adjusting for risk score. Conclusions: Patients with NSTEACS submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery presented greater perioperative mortality, but a long-term outcome similar to patients undergoing elective surgery. No difference in perioperative mortality was found between both groups after adjusting for risk score.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of immediate extubation (ultrafast-track anesthesia [UFTA]) in the operating room, and the predictors of when not to attempt it in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OPCAB). DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: A private hospital. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand one hundred ninety-six patients undergoing OPCAB surgery, representing 4 years of a single anesthesia service's practice (3 anesthesiologists), were evaluated for immediate extubation. All patients were considered amenable to immediate extubation if specific criteria were met. INTERVENTION: Patients received general anesthesia (UFTA protocol) and underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: One thousand sixty-five patients (89%) met extubation criteria and were extubated successfully in the operating room. By multivariate analysis, the following independent predictors of avoiding immediate extubation were identified: reoperation (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, p < 0.001), pre-existing renal disease (OR = 3.1, p < 0.0001), diabetes (OR = 1.7, p < 0.007), preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump placement (OR = 7.4, p < 0.0001), and total surgical time (OR = 3.7, p < 0.0001). Patients who met extubation criteria had lower in-hospital reintubation (2.5% v 16%, p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (1.03% v 4.58%, p = 0.001), renal insufficiency (2.2% v 7.63%, p < 0.001), stroke (0.4% v 2.29%, p = 0.032), and mortality rates (1.2% v 10.7%, p < 0.001) than patients who did not. CONCLUSIONS: UFTA is feasible and safe in most patients undergoing OPCAB surgery. Baseline and intraoperative data predicted when immediate extubation should not be attempted.
