Retrospective investigation of the energy requirements for weight loss and weight maintenance after weight loss programme in obese dogs.

Obesity is a highly prevalent disease in dogs and is characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that results in metabolic changes. Its treatment is based on a negative energy balance focusing on energy restriction. However, there are few studies in dogs that assessed the energy intake needed for adequate weight loss and to weight maintenance afterward. The aim of this study was to evaluate data about the treatment of canine obesity, with emphasis on energy restriction to induce weight loss and to maintain body weight (BW) and ideal body condition after weight loss. This was a retrospective study in which records of obese dogs from a veterinary teaching hospital were assessed between 2014 and 2020. Sixteen dogs were considered in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 10 of these participated in the maintenance phase after weight loss. The animals lost a mean of 23.2% their initial weight in a mean of 422 days. The mean weekly weight loss rate was 0.58% of BW, and the mean daily energy intake for weight loss was 59 kcal/kg current BW0.75. When the target BW was considered, which was defined as the current weight minus 10% for every point in the body condition score scale above 5, the mean energy for weight loss was 71 kcal/kg target BW0.75. In the maintenance phase, the animals were assessed for a mean of 134 days. The mean energy intake to maintenance BW was 70 kcal/kg BW0.75. The lower energy requirement of obese dogs during and after weight loss can work as an alert for the formulations of therapeutic weight loss diets to contain a high nutrient density focusing on the wellbeing, health, and quality of life of obese dogs, not just for the weight loss phase, but a diet for the weight maintenance phase.

Dissolution of struvite urolith by means of nutritional management and antibiotic therapy in dogs: case report / Dissolução de urólito de estruvita por meio de manejo nutricional e antibioticoterapia em cão: relato de caso

A urolitíase é doença frequente que acomete o trato urinário dos animais de companhia. O urólito de estruvita é o tipo mais frequentemente em cães. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dissolução de urólito de estruvita em bexiga urinária por meio de manejo dietético e antibioticoterapia, que apresentou resolução satisfatória. Um cão, fêmea, castrada, de 8 anos, da raça pequinês, foi atendida apresentando sinais clínicos compatíveis com infecção do trato urinário inferior e confirmados na urinálise com a presença de hematúria, piúria e bacteriúria e cultura urinária de 100.000 UFC de Staphylococcus sp. Ao exame radiográfico simples, constatou-se a presença de várias estruturas radiopacas, caracterizando urólitos, sendo a maior medindo 1,26 x 1,63 cm na vesícula urinária. Como tratamento foi instituído antibiotioticoterapia com Cevofecina 8 miligramas por quilograma de peso corporal por via subcutânea a cada 15 dias por 60 dias de acordo com o resultado do antibiograma e, como prescrição nutricional, utilizada dieta comercial seca formulada para dissolução de cálculos de estruvita. O animal foi radiografado no primeiro dia de atendimento, no segundo e no terceiro mês de acompanhamento, verificando-se redução progressiva do tamanho dos urólitos, não havendo evidências radiográficas e sombra acústica ao ultrassom na bexiga urinária após 70 dias de tratamento. A combinação de adequada antibioticoterapia e dieta calculolítica promoveu a dissolução total dos urólitos, não se fazendo necessário intervenção cirúrgica no paciente.(AU)

Urolithiasis is a frequent disease that affects urinary tract of animals companion. Struvite urolith is the most frequent type in dogs. The aim of this work is to report a dissolution case of struvite urolith in the urinary bladder through management diet and antibiotic therapy, which presented a satisfactory resolution. A female, spayed, eight years old, Pekingese breed dog was attended presenting clinical signs compatible with lower urinary tract infection and confirmed with hematuria, bacteria and urinary bacteria of 100,000 UFC of Staphylococcus sp. At the simple radiographic examination, a new presence of x-rays was detected, characterizing uroliths, being larger measuring 1.26 x 1.63 cm in the urinary vesicle. As a treatment antibiotiotic therapy with Cevofecin 8 milligrams per kilogram of body weight was administered subcutaneously every 15 days for 60 days according to the result of the antibiogram. The nutritional prescription was dry diet formulated for the dissolution of struvite stones. The animal was analyzed on the first day of care, in the second and third months of follow-up, with a progressive reduction in urolith size, no radiological evidence, and acoustic shadow on ultrasound in the urinary bladder after 70 days of treatment. The combination of antibiotic welcome and diet calculator promoted a complete dissolution of the urinary effects, did not become necessary non-patient surgical intervention.(AU)

Dissolution of struvite urolith by means of nutritional management and antibiotic therapy in dogs: case report / Dissolução de urólito de estruvita por meio de manejo nutricional e antibioticoterapia em cão: relato de caso

A urolitíase é doença frequente que acomete o trato urinário dos animais de companhia. O urólito de estruvita é o tipo mais frequentemente em cães. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de dissolução de urólito de estruvita em bexiga urinária por meio de manejo dietético e antibioticoterapia, que apresentou resolução satisfatória. Um cão, fêmea, castrada, de 8 anos, da raça pequinês, foi atendida apresentando sinais clínicos compatíveis com infecção do trato urinário inferior e confirmados na urinálise com a presença de hematúria, piúria e bacteriúria e cultura urinária de 100.000 UFC de Staphylococcus sp. Ao exame radiográfico simples, constatou-se a presença de várias estruturas radiopacas, caracterizando urólitos, sendo a maior medindo 1,26 x 1,63 cm na vesícula urinária. Como tratamento foi instituído antibiotioticoterapia com Cevofecina 8 miligramas por quilograma de peso corporal por via subcutânea a cada 15 dias por 60 dias de acordo com o resultado do antibiograma e, como prescrição nutricional, utilizada dieta comercial seca formulada para dissolução de cálculos de estruvita. O animal foi radiografado no primeiro dia de atendimento, no segundo e no terceiro mês de acompanhamento, verificando-se redução progressiva do tamanho dos urólitos, não havendo evidências radiográficas e sombra acústica ao ultrassom na bexiga urinária após 70 dias de tratamento. A combinação de adequada antibioticoterapia e dieta calculolítica promoveu a dissolução total dos urólitos, não se fazendo necessário intervenção cirúrgica no paciente.

Urolithiasis is a frequent disease that affects urinary tract of animals companion. Struvite urolith is the most frequent type in dogs. The aim of this work is to report a dissolution case of struvite urolith in the urinary bladder through management diet and antibiotic therapy, which presented a satisfactory resolution. A female, spayed, eight years old, Pekingese breed dog was attended presenting clinical signs compatible with lower urinary tract infection and confirmed with hematuria, bacteria and urinary bacteria of 100,000 UFC of Staphylococcus sp. At the simple radiographic examination, a new presence of x-rays was detected, characterizing uroliths, being larger measuring 1.26 x 1.63 cm in the urinary vesicle. As a treatment antibiotiotic therapy with Cevofecin 8 milligrams per kilogram of body weight was administered subcutaneously every 15 days for 60 days according to the result of the antibiogram. The nutritional prescription was dry diet formulated for the dissolution of struvite stones. The animal was analyzed on the first day of care, in the second and third months of follow-up, with a progressive reduction in urolith size, no radiological evidence, and acoustic shadow on ultrasound in the urinary bladder after 70 days of treatment. The combination of antibiotic welcome and diet calculator promoted a complete dissolution of the urinary effects, did not become necessary non-patient surgical intervention.