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1.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 23(6): 415-420, sept.-oct. 2013. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-117650

RESUMO

Objective: To determine which common risk factors, including environmental factors, are predictors for the development of asthma in Cuban schoolchildren. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in 1042 schoolchildren without asthma at baseline in 2 Cuban municipalities. Asthma status in 2007, diagnosed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire, was related to a set of common risk factors assessed in 2003/2004 in a multivariable logistic regression model. Multiple imputation was used for missing values. The final prediction model was obtained by backward selection (P<.15). The model’s prognostic accuracy (R2) and discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) were assessed and internal validation by bootstrapping was performed. Results: A family history of atopic diseases (odds ratio [OR], 2.19; 95% CI, 1.19-4.04), allergic sensitization (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 0.94-3.55), municipality (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.74), and use of antibiotics in the child’s first year of life (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.89-3.11) were predictors for asthma development. The model had an R2 of 8.0% and a moderate discriminative ability (AUC, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78). Internal validation hardly influenced the model’s performance. Conclusions: Antibiotics use, genetic predisposition, and allergic sensitization were predictors of asthma in Cuban schoolchildren. Although known as common risk factors they could only partly predict asthma development. Poverty-related factors, such as low income and education, and parasitic infections, did not have an effect. Other or additional environmental predictors need to be identified, as these are potential targets for prevention and control of childhood asthma in affluent as well as nonaffluent countries (AU)


Objetivo: Determinar cuáles de los factores de riesgo habituales, incluyendo factores ambientales, tienen capacidad predictiva para el desarrollo de asma en población escolar cubana. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal realizado en una muestra de 1042 escolares cubanos, sin asma al comienzo del estudio, residentes en dos municipios. La presencia de asma en el año 2007, diagnosticada mediante el cuestionario ISAAC, se relacionó con la presencia de factores de riesgo habituales, presentes al inicio del estudio en los años 2003-2004 mediante un modelo de regresión logística multivariable. Se utilizó el criterio de imputación múltiple para los valores no registrados. El modelo final predictivo se obtuvo mediante selección retrógrada. Se evaluaron la capacidad predictiva del modelo (R cuadrada) y capacidad discriminante (Área bajo la curva ROC) y se realizó una validación interna mediante la técnica de muestreo “bootstrapping”. Resultados: Una historia familiar de enfermedades alérgicas (OR 2.19, 95%CI 1.19-4.04), la presencia de sensibilización frente a alérgenos comunes (OR 1.83, 95%CI 0.94-3.55), el municipio de residencia (OR 0.34, 95%CI 0.15-0.74), y el uso de antibióticos en el primer año del vida del niño (OR 1.66, 95%CI 0.89-3.11) fueron todos ellos factores predictivos del desarrollo de asma. La R cuadrada del modelo fue el 8,0% y poseía una moderada capacidad discriminativa (AUC 0.69, 95%CI 0.60-0.78). La validez interna influencia notablemente el funcionamiento del modelo. Conclusiones: Los antecedentes familiares de enfermedad alérgica, la sensibilización frente a alérgenos comunes y el uso de antibióticos en el primer año de vida fueron factores predictivos de la aparición de asma en los escolares cubanos, si bien solo fueron capaces de explicar en parte esta predisposición. Otros factores relacionados con un nivel socioeconómico bajo, como un nivel de ingresos o de educación bajos o las infecciones por parásitos, no tuvieron ningún efecto. Se hace por tanto necesario, identificar otros o adicionales factores predictivos ambientales, que sean también dianas de programas de prevención y control de la enfermedad asmática tanto en países de niveles económicos altos o bajos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Asma/epidemiologia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças/epidemiologia , Cuba/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Previsões
2.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 43(6): 665-71, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23711129

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections have been suggested to protect from allergic sensitization and atopic diseases. Consequently, anthelminthic treatment would increase the prevalence of atopic disease in STH endemic populations. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of deworming on allergic sensitization and atopic diseases in Cuban schoolchildren. METHODS: We followed up 108 STH positive schoolchildren aged 5-13 in six-monthly intervals for 24 months. Four consecutive groups of, respectively, 104, 56, 68, and 53 STH positive children were used as 'untreated' reference groups to assess general time trends. STH infections were diagnosed by stool examination. Asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis were diagnosed by International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire and allergic sensitization by skin prick testing (SPT). At each time point, STH positive children were treated with one single dose of 500 mg mebendazole. RESULTS: After deworming, the frequency of asthma significantly decreased (P < 0.001) while the frequency of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and atopic dermatitis was not affected (P = 0.129 and P = 0.751, respectively). The percentage of SPT positives temporarily increased (P < 0.001) and subsequently returned to nearly baseline values (P = 0.093). In the references groups, no change over time was observed in the proportion of children with allergic sensitization and atopic diseases (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION & CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results indicate that atopic diseases do not increase after anthelminthic treatment. Allergic sensitization on the other hand increases after deworming. As this increase appears only temporarily, deworming of schoolchildren does not seem to be a risk factor for the development of allergic sensitization, nor for atopic diseases.


Assuntos
Helmintíase/complicações , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/epidemiologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/etiologia , Adolescente , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Helmintíase/tratamento farmacológico , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
3.
Trop Med Int Health ; 18(4): 403-6, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23397907

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Evidence suggests that human toxocariasis (HT) could stimulate the onset of allergic diseases such as asthma. More specifically, in subjects having a hypothetical 'atopic genotype', HT could boost preexistent allergy symptoms. We tested the latter hypothesis in Cuba, a country where both asthma and HT are prevalent. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a group of Cuban school-aged children (n = 958), we investigated the association of Toxocara seropositivity and atopic status with asthma. Toxocara seropositivity was diagnosed with ELISA and atopy by allergen skin prick test. Both physician-diagnosed asthma and current wheeze, as determined by International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, were considered. Associations were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analyses, with either 'physician-diagnosed asthma' or 'current wheeze' as outcome variable. RESULTS: 40.1% of the children were Toxocara seropositive. Prevalences were 21.7% for current wheeze and 32.7% for physician-diagnosed asthma. The odds of having asthma were almost two times higher in atopic children, but only reached borderline significance (OR=1.90, CI 95%: 0.95-3.80 for physician-diagnosed asthma and OR=1.94, CI 95%: 0.98-3.85 for current wheeze). Toxocara seropositivity and physician-diagnosed asthma were associated (OR=1.51, CI 95%: 1.01-2.26). Moreover, in children without antibodies to Toxocara, being atopic was significantly associated with having physician-diagnosed asthma (OR=2.53, CI 95%: 1.63-3.90), while this association was not present in Toxocara positives (OR=1.38, CI 95%: 0.82-2.37). CONCLUSION: Our data confirm previous observations of higher Toxocara seropositivity rates in asthmatic children. Toxocara seropositivity appeared to abrogate the apparent association between atopy and asthma in Cuban children. Although this observation was limited to physician-diagnosed asthma, it challenges the hypothesis that HT stimulates the onset of allergic diseases such as asthma in atopic individuals.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Asma/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/imunologia , Toxocara/imunologia , Toxocaríase/imunologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Alérgenos/imunologia , Animais , Criança , Cuba , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Humanos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Testes Cutâneos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Toxocara/isolamento & purificação
4.
Rev Cubana Med Trop ; 52(2): 126-32, 2000.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11107907

RESUMO

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1995 in a representative sample of the Cuban population aged 15 years or over with the objective of describing prevalence and characteristics of smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity in the urban population which could have been affected by epidemic neuropathy from 1991-1993. The sampling was stratified at provincial and municipal levels and then by cluster samplings. 93% of the sample was surveyed (14 300 people). 30% of the population aged 17 years and over smoked; the highest proportion of smokers was located in 40-49 years age group; men smoked more than woman regardless of age. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 45.2% in which Eastern provinces exceeded the domestic average with males predominating. The prevalence of physical inactivity at national level was 33%, 25.7% for males and 39.8% for females. 47.3% of males and 25.4% of females classified as physically active because of their useful extra activity. It was considered that irregular relationships between these 3 risk factors and the incidence of epidemic neuropathy at the ecological level make it think that, although they have a real influence on the determinants of the disease, other factors may also better account for the occurrence of these cases.


Assuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos
6.
Rev. Cienc. Med. 3 Dic ; 3(2): 63-70, mayo-ago. 1989. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-32318

RESUMO

Durante los días entre el 29 de mayo y el 5 de junio de 1988 la provincia fue afectada en todo su territorio por intensas lluvias que afectaron la economia y la población. Se describen las principales experiencias en la asistencia médica y antiepidémica en albergues, zonas aisladas, brigadas móviles, evacuación por diferentes medios, campañas intensivas higiénicas dentro del fenómeno natural y después del mismo. Se evidencia como se pudo dar respuesta por el Sector de la Salud a este desastre natural sin grandes afectaciones y evitando que ocurriera una epidemia en todo este período. El Médico de la Familia demostró ser eficiente en todas las condiciones creadas, en particular en las zonas montañosas aisladas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Assistência Médica
7.
Rev. cienc. med. 3 dic ; 3(2): 63-70, mayo-ago. 1989. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-17403

RESUMO

Durante los días entre el 29 de mayo y el 5 de junio de 1988 la provincia fue afectada en todo su territorio por intensas lluvias que afectaron la economia y la población. Se describen las principales experiencias en la asistencia médica y antiepidemica en albergues, zonas aisladas, brigadas móviles, evacuación por diferentes medios, campañas intensivas higienicas dentro del fenómeno natural y después del mismo. Se evidencia como se pudo dar respuesta por el Sector de la Salud a este desastre natural sin grandes afectaciones y evitando que ocurriera una epidemia en todo este período. El Médico de la Familia demostró ser eficiente en todas las condiciones creadas, en particular en las zonas montañosas aisladas.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Seguro Médico Ampliado
8.
Rev. Cienc. Med. 3 Dic ; 2(3): 40-44, sep.-dic. 1988. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-32273

RESUMO

Se estudia la incidencia de Hepatitis Viral Aguda en el orden epidemiológico en el municipio de Guines, observándose que por sus características afecta fundamentalmente a los escolares de primaria y en forma de oleada va pasando de un área de salud a otra provocando epidemias pequeñas que unidas van agotando los susceptibles a esta enfermedad. Se observa también una variación ciclíca de la enfermead y una mortalidad muy baja. Por todo ello se presume qque en este municipio el agente etiológico fundamental de la misma es el virus de la Hepatitis A. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia
9.
Rev. cienc. med. 3 dic ; 2(3): 40-4, sep.-dic. 1988. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-17445

RESUMO

Se estudia la incidencia de Hepatitis Viral Aguda en el orden epidemiológico en el municipio de Guines, observandose que por sus características afecta fundamentalmente a los escolares de primaria y en forma de oleada va pasando de un área de salud a otra provocando epidemias pequeñas que unidas van agotando los susceptibles a esta enfermedad. Se observa también una variación ciclíca de la enfermeada y una mortalidad muy baja. Por todo ello se presume qque en este municipio el aagente etiológico fundamental de la misma es el virus de la Hepatitis A. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia
10.
Rev. Cienc. Med. 3 Dic ; 2(2): 12-21, mayo.-ago. 1988. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-32404

RESUMO

Las primeras causas de muerte en los últimos 8 años en nuestra provincia se han relacionado con la Arterioesclerosis, los tumores malignos y los accidentes en forma creciente. Las enfermedades han jugado un papel menor prevaleciendo la Influenza y Neumonía.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Causas de Morte
11.
Rev. cienc. med. 3 dic ; 2(2): 12-21, mayo.-ago. 1988. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-17430

RESUMO

Las primeras causas de muerte en los últimos 8 años en nuestra Provincia se han relacionado con la Arterioesclerosis, los tumores malignos y loa accidentes en forma creciente. Las enfermedades han jugado un papel menor prevaleciendo la Influenza y Neumonia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Mortalidade
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