Fecal descriptor in honey: indole from a floral source as an explanation.

BACKGROUND: Animal odor, is one of the most common aroma defects described in the honey odor aroma wheel. It comprises two secondary descriptors: 'fecal' and 'cowshed'. However, the compounds responsible for these honey defects have not been fully identified. In this context, the aim of this work was to identify the compounds responsible for the aromatic defect 'fecal' in Uruguayan honeys by means of gas chromatography coupled to olfactometry (GC-O). RESULTS: Samples of honey described by beekeepers as having fecal aroma were analyzed by GC-O and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Through GC-O, it was possible to establish the region of the chromatogram corresponding to the fecal descriptor, while the GC-MS analysis allowed to identify indole as the compound responsible for the fecal descriptor. The content of indole in the analyzed samples ranged between 132 and 414 µg kg-1 . The melissopalynological analysis indicated the presence of Scutia buxifolia ('quebracho' or 'coronilla') pollen in all samples studied. The volatile profile of Scutia buxifolia flowers was evaluated during the full day, enabling the identification of indole as one of its components. The detection threshold value for indole in honey was experimentally determined as 64 µg kg-1 of honey, a value lower than the concentration found in the evaluated samples. CONCLUSION: Results from the study allowed the identification of indole as the compound responsible for the 'fecal' aroma defect in Scutia buxifolia honeys. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura as an Extraintestinal Manifestation in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis.

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against platelet membrane antigens, leading to immune-mediated platelet destruction. ITP is considered as a rare extraintestinal manifestation (EIM) of ulcerative colitis (UC). This report aimed to describe a rare case of UC associated with ITP and a review of the literature. A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with severe acute colitis which was responsive to treatment (hydrocortisone 300 mg/day). The patient was discharged from the hospital with prednisone 60 mg/day and azathioprine 50 mg/day. During the follow-up, the dose of azathioprine was increased to 100 mg/day (1.3 mg/kg), while prednisone tapering was started. After 3 months, the patient presented with thrombocytopenia (30,000 platelets/µL) without improvement despite receiving the suspension of azathioprine; thus, a bone marrow aspirate was performed. The bone marrow analysis showed hyperplasia of the erythroid series, megaloblastosis, hyperplasia of megakaryocytes with mild dyspoiesis, and absence of cytotoxicity, a morphological finding consistent with ITP. The patient was treated with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day which resulted in partial improvement of the condition and his still being followed up as outpatient using mesalazine 3.2 g for UC and a platelet count of approximately 50,000/µL using eltrombopag. As reported, ITP is a rare EIM in patients with UC. Due to the risk of complications, such as bleeding, hematological changes in these patients should be considered. The disease should be suspected in the presence of thrombocytopenia, always excluding the side effects of medications in advance, especially immunosuppressants. The correct diagnosis of this rare manifestation and proper treatment are essential to control the condition, prevent complications, and improve the patient's prognosis.

Mixed and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis after liver transplantation: Case report.

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic granulomatous fungal infection rarely associated with solid organ transplantation. We report the second case of PCM in an adult after liver transplantation. A 47-year-old woman who had undergone liver transplantation was hospitalized for flu-like symptoms and multiple erythematous ulcerated skin papules. There was lymphadenopathy, pulmonary compromise, and quickly progression to septic shock. PCM was confirmed by skin biopsy and serologic tests, and a satisfactory response to amphotericin B was achieved.

Phytochemical Findings Evidencing Botanical Origin of New Propolis Type from North-West Argentina.

Propolis samples from north-west Argentina (Amaicha del Valle, Tucumán) were evaluated by palynology, FT-IR spectra, and RP-HPTLC. In addition, the volatile fraction was studied by HS-SPME-GC/MS. The botanical species most visited by Apis mellifera L. near the apiaries were collected and their RP-HPTLC extracts profiles were compared with propolis samples. In addition, GC/MS was performed for volatile compounds from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae). FT-IR spectra and RP-HPTLC fingerprints of propolis samples showed similar profiles. In RP-HPTLC analyses, only Z. punctata presented a similar fingerprint to Amaicha propolis. The major volatile compounds present in both were trans-linalool oxide (furanoid), 6-camphenone, linalool, trans-pinocarveol, p-cymen-8-ol, and 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde. Potential variations for the Amaicha del Valle propolis volatile fraction as consequence of propolis sample preparation were demonstrated.

Evolução dos critérios para o diagnóstico de bulimia nervosa: revisão sistemática / Evolution of the diagnostic criteria of bulimia nervosa: systematic review / Evolución de los criterios para el diagnóstico de bulimia nervosa: revisión sistemática

Objetivo: apresentar a evolução dos critérios diagnósticos de Bulimia Nervosa (BN) e discutir sobre as evidências que sustentam as atualizações. Método: foram analisados os critérios diagnósticos de BN apresentados no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico dos Transtornos Mentais (DSM), terceira, quarta e quinta edição. As atualizações identificadas foram discutidas a partir de artigos selecionados por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de artigos publicados entre 1980 e 2017, conduzida de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA. A revisão da literatura foi realizada por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados PubMed e Scopus, a partir dos descritores em combinação: bulimia nervosa e diagnóstico, em inglês. Resultados: foram encontrados 257 artigos, dos quais 18 satisfizeram os critérios de inclusão. As principais alterações verificadas foram: inclusão de estágios de remissão, do nível de gravidade; retirada dos subtipos restritivos e purgativos de BN; redução na frequência média mínima de compulsão alimentar e de comportamento compensatório inapropriado, além de alterações terminológicas menores. Conclusão: as alterações verificadas no DSM-5 foram eficazes em reduzir a alta proporção do diagnóstico de Transtorno Alimentar Não Especificado (TANE). Revisões periódicas do DSM, a partir de achados de clínicos e de pesquisadores favorecem avaliações mais precisas e o delineamento de intervenções mais efetivas no tratamento de BN.(AU)

Objective: to present the evolution of the diagnostic criteria of Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and to discuss the evidences that support the updates. Method: The diagnostic criteria of BN presented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM), third, fourth and fifth editions were analyzed. The updates were discussed from selected articles through a systematic review of articles published between 1980 and 2017, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The review of the literature was carried out by two independent researchers at PubMed and Scopus databases, using the descriptors in combination: bulimia nervosa and diagnosis. Results: 257 articles were found, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. The main changes were: inclusion of remission stages, level of severity; removal of restrictive and purgative BN subtypes; reduction in the minimum average frequency of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior, as well as minor terminological changes. Conclusion: The changes observed in DSM-5 were effective in reducing the high proportion of the diagnosis of Eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Periodic reviews of the DSM, from findings of clinicians and researchers favor more accurate evaluations and the design of more effective interventions in the treatment of BN.(AU)

Objetivo: presentar la evolución de los criterios diagnósticos de Bulimia Nervosa (BN) y discutir sobre las evidencias que sustentan las actualizaciones. Método: Se analizaron los criterios diagnósticos de BNpresentados en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM), tercera, cuarta y quinta edición. Las actualizaciones identificadas fueron discutidas a partir de artículos seleccionados por medio de una revisión sistemática de la literatura de artículos publicados entre 1980 y 2017, conducida de acuerdo con las directrices del PRISMA. La revisión de la literatura fue realizada por dos investigadores independientes en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus, a partir de los descriptores en combinación: bulimia nerviosa y diagnóstico, en inglés. Resultados: se han encontrado 257 artículos, de los cuales 18 han cumplido los criterios de inclusión. Los principales cambios observados fueron: inclusión de las etapas de remisión, del nivel de gravedad; retirada de los subtipos restrictivos y purgativos de BN; reducción en la frecuencia media mínima de compulsión alimentaria y de comportamiento compensatorio inapropiado, además de alteraciones terminológicas menores. Conclusión: los cambios en el DSM-5 fueron eficaces para reducir la alta proporción del diagnóstico de trastorno alimentario no especificado (TANE). Las revisiones periódicas del DSM, a partir de hallazgos de clínicos y de investigadores, favorecen evaluaciones más precisas y el delineamiento de intervenciones más efectivas en el tratamiento de BN.(AU)