RESUMO
Testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV-1) in patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen has never been performed in a dental school patient population. In this population there was a 2.8% positive reactivity for HIV-1 antibodies in subjects who were also positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. An enzyme-linked immunoassay with a repeat test and confirmation with a Western blot technique were used.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-HIV/sangue , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Western Blotting , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Soroprevalência de HIV , Hepatite B/complicações , Humanos , Incidência , Louisiana/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Surveys have demonstrated that the general public has many misconceptions about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Education has been the mainstay of the public health effort to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS. Some studies have shown an increase in the public's understanding of this disease. A survey of dental patients at a dental school clinic revealed that although misconceptions continue to exist, particularly with regard to AIDS and the dentist, this population had higher levels of knowledge about AIDS than did those in earlier studies.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Criança , Feminino , Educação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Responses to a questionnaire on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) returned by patients of the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry were compared with responses to an AIDS questionnaire administered by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Although the questionnaire in this study was not patterned after that used by NCHS, some of the questions were either similar or directly opposite in content. Response patterns were compared and contrasted. In addition, those response patterns in Part I which are significantly different on the basis of demographic characteristics were compared with their counterparts in the NCHS survey.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/psicologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos , Educação em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Mão de Obra em Saúde , Humanos , Louisiana , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Students in a professional school develop class attitudes that may differ from their individual attitudes and from the educational ideals of faculty. They may be affected positively through the cooperation engendered by the shared attitudes. However, the shared attitudes may be detrimental to student learning. Peer pressure may encourage average performance and unacceptable methods of acquiring information. A survey of class attitudes was designed and administered to the Class of 1988 at Louisiana State University School of Dentistry during each of their four years of training. Percentages of agreement were calculated for each item and chi square analysis was used to compare differences over the four years. Fifty-six students completed the initial administration and 30 of the 50 seniors completed the last administration. The results suggest that although many class attitudes remained stable over the four years, there were some significant changes. The students indicated that as a class they became more likely to take short cuts, to cheat on exams, and to get by with as little effort as possible. As seniors the students showed more positive class attitudes than they had as juniors, but there was a steady deterioration of class attitudes toward the school and faculty over the four years.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Adulto , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos de Coortes , Coleta de Dados , Humanos , Louisiana , Grupo AssociadoRESUMO
Serum chemistry is becoming more complex as newer and more sophisticated diagnostic machinery is used by an increasing number of health care centers. Many automated clinical analyzers can test for more than 20 substances from a small sample of serum. The dentist, as part of the health care team, must keep informed of current developments.
Assuntos
Análise Química do Sangue , Odontólogos , Enzimas/sangue , Humanos , Equipe de Assistência ao PacienteRESUMO
Testing for three serum markers in screening for hepatitis B disclosed 34 of 292 patients testing positive to anti-HBc. Responses to the medical history alone disclosed only one patient with a history of hepatitis. Seroanalysis, plus a complete history, yields the most reliable results.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite B/imunologia , Doenças Profissionais/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Antígenos de Superfície/imunologia , Criança , Clínicas Odontológicas , Feminino , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Louisiana , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Risco , Faculdades de OdontologiaAssuntos
Incisivo/anatomia & histologia , Boca/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , População Negra , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , População BrancaRESUMO
A study was conducted at the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry using the radioimmunoassay technique of serum analysis for presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in all new patients accepted for treatment over a period of one year. The prevalence was 0.61 percent (22 seropositive patients from a total of 3,626 patients screened). Chronic HBsAg carriers, presence of e antigen, and high titers of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were documented. Eighteen of the 22 seropositive patients had no past history of hepatitis, indicating the inadequacy of a history for revealing carriers of HBsAg.
Assuntos
Odontólogos , Hepatite B/transmissão , Doenças Profissionais/transmissão , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Criança , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/imunologia , Antígenos do Núcleo do Vírus da Hepatite B , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Samples of blood from 327 new patients at a dental school were tested by radioimmunoassay for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs). The data were compared to the patients' histories of hepatitis. Through a statistical analysis, it was indicated that significant numbers of patients with no history of hepatitis had been infected with hepatitis B virus.
Assuntos
Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Portador Sadio/sangue , Criança , Feminino , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Anamnese , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RadioimunoensaioRESUMO
A sample of 300 adult patients accepted for initial treatment between January 5th and 24th, 1977 at the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry had blood samples drawn and analyzed by radioimmunoassay+ for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Two patients were positive for HBSAg (a prevalence of .67 percent. Medical questionnaire information obtained from each participant indicated that 11 patients had had hepatitis; seven were confirmed by the patients' private physicians. Both patients positive for HBSAg gave confirmed histories of having had hepatitis. The information gathered tends to indicate that dental patients who give a history of hepatitis should have a blood sample drawn and analyzed by radioimmunoassay for HBSAg to determine whether they are carriers of HBSAg. This analysis should precede any dental treatment. Further studies are planned to obtain information from another sample population.
