Complicaciones postoperatorias en fractura de órbita: experiencia en el Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del equipo de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital del Trabajador en el manejo de las fracturas de órbita. Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de 42 pacientes consecutivos operados por fractura de órbita en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital del Trabajador entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Se tabularon datos demográficos, información del trauma, tipo de fractura, fracturas asociadas, tratamiento y seguimiento. Resultado: De los 42 pacientes, la mayoría eran hombres (73,8%) con edad promedio de 40 ± 12,24 años. Los principales síntomas al ingreso fueron equimosis (64,3%), edema periocular (54,8%), hemorragia subconjuntival (33,3%) y diplopía (26,2%). La pared orbitaria más frecuentemente afectada fue el piso de la órbita (85,7%). Las fracturas se presentaron de forma aislada en 35,7% de los casos y asociada a otra fractura de la cara en 64,3%. Post cirugía, la tasa de complicación fue de 16,7%, producto de diplopía y enoftalmos leves que solo requirieron tratamientos conservadores para su resolución. Discusión: La baja tasa de complicaciones se debe a la experiencia del equipo médico con un seguimiento a largo plazo, la medición de volúmenes orbitarios, imagenología intraoperatoria, utilización de malla prefabricada y asistencia endoscópica. Conclusiones: Un adecuado diagnóstico y evaluación son fundamentales para el tratamiento de la fractura de órbita. Los datos demográficos, las características de las fracturas y las complicaciones descritas fueron muy similares a lo reportado por otras experiencias, mientras que la tasa de complicaciones fue menor.

Aim: To describe the experience of the Maxillofacial Surgical team of Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago in the management of orbital fractures. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 42 patients operated consecutively between January of 2016 and November of 2017 at Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago by the Maxillofacial Surgery team due to orbital fracture. The demographic data was tabulated and then a comparison between isolated and combined orbital fractures was made. Results: Of 42 patients most were men (73.8%) with an average age of 40±12.24 years. At admission the main symptoms were ecchymosis (64.3%), periorbital edema (54.8%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (33.3%) and diplopia (26.2%). The most frequently affected orbital wall was the floor (85.7%). Isolated fractures accounted for 35.7% of the cases and those associated with other facial fractures for 64.3%. The postoperative complication rate was 16.7% due to diplopia and enophthalmos. Both complications were mild and only required conservative management. Discussion: The low complication rate might be due to the experience of the surgical team in the management of orbital fractures, long-term following, orbital volume measurements, intraoperative imaging, the use of prefabricated mesh and endoscopic guidance. Conclusión: An adequate diagnosis and evaluation are fundamental for orbital fracture treatment. Demographic data, fracture characteristics and the complications described were similar to those reported by other studies, while the rate of complications was lower than those experiences.

Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Reduces Complication and Reoperation Rate in Facial Fractures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes of facial fractures after the introduction of intraoperative radiology. Methods: An historic cohort of patients without intraoperative fluoroscopy (IOF) was compared with a prospective cohort of patients with IOF. Main outcomes were postoperative complications and reoperation rate. Results: There were 51 in the non-IOF group and 49 in the IOF group. In the group with IOF 10 patients required intraoperative revisions (20.46%). Overall postoperative complication rate was higher in the non-IOF group (25.49% vs. 6.12%) due to the significantly higher bone-related complication rate (15.69% vs. 2.04%). Reoperation rate was also higher in the non-IOF group (11.76% vs. 0%). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that IOF reduces bone-related complication and reoperation rate by allowing correction of surgical errors immediately during surgery.

A Five-Year Retrospective Cohort Study Analyzing Factors Influencing Complications after Nasal Trauma.

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of patients with nasal trauma during a long period of time and determine factors predisposing to complications after nasal trauma treatment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all patients who were attended for a nasal trauma between January and December 2010. In 2015, the charts were retrospectively reviewed and the patients were prospectively followed up looking for outcomes after treatment of nasal trauma. A univariate analysis between complications and risk factors was performed and a logistic regression model was used to explore the prognostic role of the variables considered to have clinical relevance and to estimate the odds ratio for the occurrence of postoperative complications. A total of 220 consecutive patients with nasal trauma were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 44.3 ± 10.3 months (3-67) with 10% of lost patients. The most important factors determining complications after nasal trauma treatment were male gender, acute septal injury, chronic septal deviation, displaced or comminuted fractures in the radiologic study, and late nasal reduction surgery. A decision-making algorithm is proposed based on the fact that nasal bone fracture is not a minor problem and that closed nasal bone reduction is not the treatment of choice for all patients with nasal trauma.

Septoplastia submucosa asistida por endoscopia más reducción nasal cerrada en fracturas nasoseptales: estudio comparativo frente a la técnica tradicional / Sub-mucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty and close nasal reduction in nasoseptal fractures: a comparative study versus traditional technique

Introducción y Objetivos. La fractura de los huesos propios nasales es la más frecuente de las fracturas faciales y su hallazgo concomitante con fractura septal varía desde un 34% a un 96.2%. Es necesario un abordaje adecuado para evitar complicaciones como obstrucción nasal y deformidades nasoseptales postraumáticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la técnica de asistencia endoscópica como alternativa para el tratamiento de lesiones septales agudas y compararla con los resultados del abordaje tradicional de esta patología. Material y Método. Revisión retrospectiva de casos de fracturas nasoseptales entre enero de 2010 y abril del 2014 en los que se realizó reducción nasal cerrada más septoplastia abierta (técnica tradicional) o reducción nasal más septoplastia submucosa asistida por endoscopía (SSAE). Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y presentamos resultados. Resultados. Recogimos 123 pacientes: 33 casos con técnica tradicional y 90 casos con SSAE. Todos debidos a accidentes laborales o en el trayecto hacia/desde el trabajo. Ambos grupos fueron comparables. El tiempo promedio transcurrido entre el accidente y la cirugía tradicional fue 11.4 días y para SSAE fue de 15 días. No se presentaron complicaciones intraoperatorias con ninguna de las técnicas. Hubo 5 pacientes (15.15%) operados con técnica tradicional y 3 (3.3%) con SSAE que evolucionaron con obstrucción nasal y/o laterorrinia; requirieron rinoseptoplastia secundaria (diferencia estadísticamente significativa). Conclusiones. La SSAE para tratamiento de fracturas nasoseptales supone una innovación que reduce la tasa de rinoseptoplastias secundarias en comparación con la técnica tradicional y lo reportado en la literatura. Es además una técnica reproducible y de bajo costo (AU)

Background and Objective. Nasal bone fracture is the most common facial fracture and its concomitant finding with septal fracture varies from 34% to 96.2%. Its proper management is needed to prevent complications such as nasal obstruction and nasoseptal posttraumatic deformities. The aim of the paper is to introduce the technique of endoscopic assistance as an alternative for the treatment of acute septal lesions and to compare its results with the traditional approach. Methods. Retrospective review of nasoseptal fractures cases between January 2010 and April 2014 in which closed nasal reduction and open nasal septoplasty (traditional technique) or closed nasal reduction and sub-mucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty (SEAS) were performed. The surgical technique is described and results are presented. Results. We collected 123 patients: 33 cases with traditional technique and 90 with SEAS. All the cases were workplace accidents or commuting accidents. Both groups were comparable. The average time elapsed between the accident and traditional surgery was 11.4 days and 15 days for SEAS. No intraoperative complications were observed in any of the techniques presented. Five patients (15.15%) treated with traditional technique and 3 patients (3.3%) with SEAS evolved with nasal obstruction and/or deviation of the nasal axis, requiring subsequent secondary open rhinoseptoplasty (statistically significant difference). Conclusions. The closed nasal reduction and SEAS for the treatment of nasoseptal fractures is an innovation that reduces the rate of secondary rhinoseptoplasty required compared to the traditional technique and the reported in the literature. It's besides a reliable and low cost technique (AU)

A new approach to nasoseptal fractures: Submucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty and closed nasal reduction.

BACKGROUND: Nasal bone fracture is the most common among facial bone fractures. The prevalence of concomitant septal and nasal bone fractures fluctuates between 34% and 96.2%. An adequate management of such fractures is essential to prevent complications such as post-traumatic nasal obstruction and nasoseptal deformities. The purpose of the present study is to introduce the submucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty (SEAS) as an alternative approach for acute septal lesions and to report our experience and outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective review including patients with nasal fracture in association with septal fracture (nasoseptal fractures) who underwent to submucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty and closed nasal reduction. The surgical technique is described and a video is presented. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included; 23% were female and 77% were male, with a mean age of 40 years. All the cases were workplace accidents or commuting accidents. The mean time elapsed between the accident and surgery was 15 days. There were no technique-related intraoperative complications. Three (3.3%) patients suffered a subsequent nasal obstruction and/or deviation of the nasal axis, requiring subsequent secondary open rhinoseptoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Submucosal endoscopically assisted septoplasty and closed nasal reduction for the treatment of nasoseptal fractures is a novel approach that reduces the rate of secondary rhinoseptoplasty as compared to other authors' reports. The technique described is reproducible, cost-effective and has very encouraging outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV Therapeutic.

The accuracy of different methods for diagnosing septal deviation in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty: A prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of different diagnostic tests in predicting nasal septum deformities during preoperative planning for septorhinoplasty. METHODS: Consecutive patients who underwent septorhinoplasty between June 2011 and August 2012 were included (n = 30) and underwent a protocol of diagnostic tests, including nasal speculoscopy, craniofacial computed tomography (CT), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the nasal septum by CT and nasal endoscopy. A modified Guyuron classification of septal deformities was used for classifying the septal deviations. Direct surgical assessment of the nasal septum during open septorhinoplasty was the reference standard with which each of the diagnostic tests was compared. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of each test were calculated. RESULTS: The preoperative diagnosis was nasal bone fracture in 11 patients, nasal septal fracture in 15 and post-traumatic nasal deformity in four. For type A deviations (localised), craniofacial CT showed the highest performance with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 99%. For type B septal deformations (C shape), nasal endoscopy (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 87.5%; PPV, 87.7%; and NPV, 100%) showed the highest performance. For type C deformities (S shape), nasal endoscopy (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 100%; PPV, 100%; and NPV, 87%) showed the highest performance. The accuracy for nasal endoscopy was 27/30 (90%), 26/30 (87%) for craniofacial CT, 22/30 (73%) for 3D reconstruction and 10/28 (36%) for speculoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal endoscopy and craniofacial CT were more accurate and precise than nasal speculoscopy and 3D reconstruction for preoperative evaluation of the nasal septum, thus enabling more appropriate surgical planning for septorhinoplasty.