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1.
J Infect Dis ; 228(4): 383-390, 2023 08 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36740584

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Serological surveys are used to ascertain influenza infection and immunity, but evidence for the utility of mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) as a correlate of infection or protection is limited. METHODS: We performed influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance on 220 individuals living or working in a retirement community in Gainesville, Florida from January to May 2018, and took pre- and postseason nasal samples of 11 individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza infection and 60 randomly selected controls. Mucosal IgA against 10 strains of influenza was measured from nasal samples. RESULTS: Overall, 28.2% and 11.3% of individuals experienced a 2-fold and 4-fold rise, respectively, in mucosal IgA to at least 1 influenza strain. Individuals with PCR-confirmed influenza A had significantly lower levels of preseason IgA to influenza A. Influenza-associated respiratory illness was associated with a higher rise in mucosal IgA to influenza strains of the same subtype, and H3N2-associated respiratory illness was associated with a higher rise in mucosal IgA to other influenza A strains. CONCLUSIONS: By comparing individuals with and without influenza illness, we demonstrated that mucosal IgA is a correlate of influenza infection. There was evidence for cross-reactivity in mucosal IgA across influenza A subtypes.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Estações do Ano , Assistência de Longa Duração , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Mucosa Nasal , Imunoglobulina A , Casas de Saúde , Anticorpos Antivirais
2.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 3560, 2021 06 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34117244

RESUMO

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) remain the only widely available tool for controlling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We estimated weekly values of the effective basic reproductive number (Reff) using a mechanistic metapopulation model and associated these with county-level characteristics and NPIs in the United States (US). Interventions that included school and leisure activities closure and nursing home visiting bans were all associated with a median Reff below 1 when combined with either stay at home orders (median Reff 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-1.39) or face masks (median Reff 0.97, 95% CI 0.58-1.39). While direct causal effects of interventions remain unclear, our results suggest that relaxation of some NPIs will need to be counterbalanced by continuation and/or implementation of others.


Assuntos
COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Política de Saúde , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Número Básico de Reprodução , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer , Máscaras , História Natural , Pandemias , Quarentena , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
3.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 15(3): e0009063, 2021 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33764975

RESUMO

Florida faces the challenge of repeated introduction and autochthonous transmission of arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Empirically-based predictive models of the spatial distribution of these species would aid surveillance and vector control efforts. To predict the occurrence and abundance of these species, we fit a mixed-effects zero-inflated negative binomial regression to a mosquito surveillance dataset with records from more than 200,000 trap days, representative of 53% of the land area and ranging from 2004 to 2018 in Florida. We found an asymmetrical competitive interaction between adult populations of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus for the sampled sites. Wind speed was negatively associated with the occurrence and abundance of both vectors. Our model predictions show high accuracy (72.9% to 94.5%) in validation tests leaving out a random 10% subset of sites and data since 2017, suggesting a potential for predicting the distribution of the two Aedes vectors.


Assuntos
Aedes/fisiologia , Distribuição Animal , Modelos Biológicos , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Animais , Clima , Comportamento Competitivo , Ecossistema , Feminino , Florida , Masculino , Densidade Demográfica , Especificidade da Espécie
4.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 4704, 2020 09 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32943637

RESUMO

Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 2,452 abstracts and identified 491 manuscripts relevant to 5 areas of focus: 1) antibody kinetics, 2) correlates of protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence. While further studies of SARS-CoV-2 are necessary to determine immune responses, evidence from other coronaviruses can provide clues and guide future research.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Reações Cruzadas , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , Imunização Passiva , Isotipos de Imunoglobulinas/imunologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/imunologia , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
5.
medRxiv ; 2020 Apr 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32511434

RESUMO

The duration and nature of immunity generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARSCoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The timescale of protection is a critical determinant of the future impact of the pathogen. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. The dynamics of immunity and nature of protection are relevant to discussions surrounding therapeutic use of convalescent sera as well as efforts to identify individuals with protective immunity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well as the related SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and human endemic coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 1281 abstracts and identified 322 manuscripts relevant to 5 areas of focus: 1) antibody kinetics, 2) correlates of protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity and cross-reactivity, and 5) population seroprevalence. While studies of SARS-CoV-2 are necessary to determine immune responses to it, evidence from other coronaviruses can provide clues and guide future research.

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