Tumor growth reduction is regulated at the gene level in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with fish oil rich in EPA and DHA.

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation on tumor growth, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were fed with regular chow (group W) or chow supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight FO daily (group WFO) until they reached 100 days of age. Both groups were then inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 ascitic tumor cells (3 × 10(7) cells/mL). After 14 days the rats were killed, total RNA was isolated from the tumor tissue, and relative mRNA expression was measured using the 2(-ΔΔCT) method. FO significantly decreased tumor growth (W=13.18 ± 1.58 vs WFO=5.40 ± 0.88 g, P<0.05). FO supplementation also resulted in a significant decrease in COX-2 (W=100.1 ± 1.62 vs WFO=59.39 ± 5.53, P<0.001) and PPARγ (W=100.4 ± 1.04 vs WFO=88.22 ± 1.46, P<0.05) protein expression. Relative mRNA expression was W=1.06 ± 0.022 vs WFO=0.31 ± 0.04 (P<0.001) for COX-2, W=1.08 ± 0.02 vs WFO=0.52 ± 0.08 (P<0.001) for PPARγ, and W=1.04 ± 0.02 vs WFO=0.82 ± 0.04 (P<0.05) for RelA. FO reduced tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory gene expression associated with carcinogenesis.

Tumor growth reduction is regulated at the gene level in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with fish oil rich in EPA and DHA

We investigated the effect of fish oil (FO) supplementation on tumor growth, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and RelA gene and protein expression in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were fed with regular chow (group W) or chow supplemented with 1 g/kg body weight FO daily (group WFO) until they reached 100 days of age. Both groups were then inoculated with a suspension of Walker 256 ascitic tumor cells (3×107 cells/mL). After 14 days the rats were killed, total RNA was isolated from the tumor tissue, and relative mRNA expression was measured using the 2-ΔΔCT method. FO significantly decreased tumor growth (W=13.18±1.58 vs WFO=5.40±0.88 g, P<0.05). FO supplementation also resulted in a significant decrease in COX-2 (W=100.1±1.62 vs WFO=59.39±5.53, P<0.001) and PPARγ (W=100.4±1.04 vs WFO=88.22±1.46, P<0.05) protein expression. Relative mRNA expression was W=1.06±0.022 vs WFO=0.31±0.04 (P<0.001) for COX-2, W=1.08±0.02 vs WFO=0.52±0.08 (P<0.001) for PPARγ, and W=1.04±0.02 vs WFO=0.82±0.04 (P<0.05) for RelA. FO reduced tumor growth by attenuating inflammatory gene expression associated with carcinogenesis.

Low FasL levels promote proliferation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, higher levels inhibit their differentiation into adipocytes.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into several cell types. Bone marrow (BM)-MSCs mainly differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes. MSC interactions with their microenvironment directly affect their self-renewal/differentiation program. Here, we show for the first time that Fas ligand (FasL), a well-explored proapoptotic cytokine, can promote proliferation of BM-derived MSCs in vitro and inhibits their differentiation into adipocytes. BM-MSCs treated with a low FasL dose (0.5 ng/ml) proliferated more rapidly than untreated cells without undergoing spontaneous differentiation or apoptosis, whereas higher doses (25 ng/ml) induced significant though not massive BM-MSC death, with surviving cells maintaining a stem cell phenotype. At the molecular level, 0.5 ng/ml FasL induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and survivin upregulation, whereas 25 ng/ml FasL induced caspase activation. Importantly, 25 ng/ml FasL reversibly prevented BM-MSC differentiation into adipocytes by modulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and FABP4/aP2 expression induced by adipogenic medium. All such effects were inhibited by anti-Fas neutralizing antibody. The in vitro data regarding adipogenesis were confirmed using Fas(lpr) mutant mice, where higher PPARγ and FABP4/aP2 mRNA and protein levels were documented in whole tibia. These data show for the first time that the FasL/Fas system can have a role in BM-MSC biology via regulation of both proliferation and adipogenesis, and may have clinical relevance because circulating Fas/FasL levels decline with age and several age-related conditions, including osteoporosis, are characterized by adipocyte accumulation in BM.

Characterization of different samples of quercetin in solid-state: indication of polymorphism occurrence.

The present work was designed to compare four commercial samples of quercetin, three of them presenting pharmaceutical grade (QPGa, QPGb and QPGc) and the other one pro-analysi grade (QPA) by means of different techniques. Physical and chromatographic characterization of these samples shows different properties following its origin, especially a clear evidence of polymorphism occurrence.

[Gingival thickening with a submerged connective tissue graft]. / Proposition d'épaississement gingival par greffe de tissu conjonctif enfoui.

Gingival thickness is a clinical characteristic which should be given more consideration in evaluating muco-gingival problems. It is proposed that thick gingiva prevents gingival recession and is of particular significance when fixed prosthesis is being employed. The technique outlined includes a connective graft from the lamina propria of the palatal mucosa into the gingival connective tissue. A case report documents the technique.