RESUMO
The paper presents the results of monitoring of viruses of Western Nile (WN), Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Geta, Influenza A, as well as avian paramicroviruses type I (virus of Newcastle disease (ND)) and type 6 (APMV-6) in the Primorye Territory in 2003-2006. Totally throughout the period, specific antibodies to the viruses were detected by neutralization test in wild birds (7.3%, WN; 8.0%, Geta; 0.7% Batai; 2.8%, Alpine hare (Lepus timidus); by hemagglutination-inhibition test in cattle (11.4% WN; 5.9%, JE; j 3.0%, TBE; 11.6%, Geta), horses (6.1, 6.8, 0, and 25.3%, respectively), and pigs (5.4, 1.5, 0, and 5.9%, respectively) by enzyme immunoassay (IgG) in human beings (0.8, 0.5, 6.8, and 3.2%, respectively. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to reveal RNA of the NP segment of influenza A virus in 57.9 and 65% of the cloacal swabs from wild and domestic birds, respectively; and the HA-segment of subtype HH was not detected in 2005. HA/H5 RNA was recorded in 5.5 and 6.7% of the swabs from wild and domestic birds, respectively; 6% of the specimens from domestic birds were M-segment positive in 2006. RNA of influenza A virus NA/H7 and RNA was not detected throughout the years. In 2004, the cloacal swabs 8 isolated influenza A strains: two H3N8 and two H4N8 strains from European teals (Anas crecca), two (H3N8 and H6N2) strains from Baikal teals (A. formosa), one (H10N4) strain from shovelers (A. clypeata), and one (H4N8) from garganeys (A. querquedula). In 2004, one ND virus strain was isolated from the cloacal swabs from European teals (A. crecca). RT-PCR revealed RNA of this virus in some 8 more cloacal swabs from black ducks (A. poecilorhyncha) (3 positive specimens), pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) (n = 2), garganeys (A. querquedula) (n = 1), gadwalls (A. strepera) (n = 1), and geese (Anser anser domesticus) (n = 1). Sequencing of the 374-member fragment of the ND virus F gene, which included a proteolytic cleavage site, could assign two samples to the weakly pathogenetic variants of genotype 1, one sample to highly pathogenic variants of genotype 3a, five to highly pathogenic ones of genotype 5b. Isolation of APMV-6 (2003) from common egrets (Egretta alba) and geese (Ans. anser domesticus) is first described.
Assuntos
Infecções por Alphavirus/epidemiologia , Alphavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Ambiental , Infecções por Flavivirus/epidemiologia , Flavivirus/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Doença de Newcastle/epidemiologia , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/imunologia , Vírus da Doença de Newcastle/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Aves , Vírus Bunyamwera/imunologia , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Embrião de Galinha , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Aviária/sangue , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Mamíferos , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Doença de Newcastle/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sibéria/epidemiologia , SuínosRESUMO
Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis were used to screen Ehrlichia and Anaplasma DNA in 900 specimens of Ixodes ticks of four genera (Dermacetor, Haemaphysalis, Ixodes, and Hyalomma) collected on 14 administrative territories of Russia and Kazakhstan. Anaplasma phagocytophilia DNA was detected and identified in Ixodes persulcatus ticks gathered in the Altai and Primorye Territories. Ehrlichia muris DNA was genotyped in the I. persulcatus ticks collected in the Tyumen, Omsk, and Novosibirsk Regions and the Altai Territory. Examining the Haemaphysalis concinna collected in the Primorye Territory revealed A. bovis DNA. The I. persulcatus ticks gathered in the Omsk Region were found to have "Ehrlichia-like "Schotti variant" DNA, Studying the ticks of the genera Dermatocentor and Hyalomma gathered in Russia and Kazakhstan failed to detect the representatives of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. The detection of A. phagocytophilia DNA in the I. persulcatus ticks in the Altai and Primorye territories and the serological verification of cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis among patients with tick-borne infections in these territories lead to the conclusion that there are natural loci of this disease in West Siberia and the Far East of Russia.
Assuntos
Anaplasma phagocytophilum/isolamento & purificação , Anaplasma/isolamento & purificação , Ehrlichia/isolamento & purificação , Ixodes/microbiologia , Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasma phagocytophilum/genética , Anaplasmose/epidemiologia , Animais , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ehrlichia/genética , Humanos , Cazaquistão/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosAssuntos
Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Animais , Vetores Aracnídeos , Criança , Reservatórios de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/transmissão , Humanos , Incidência , Morbidade/tendências , Mortalidade/tendências , Sibéria/epidemiologia , CarrapatosRESUMO
Study of the external respiration parameters in 144 patients with bronchial asthma and pollinosis during the acetylcholine and physical exercise tests prior to and after the administration of cholinolytics and corinfar produced the following results. Cholinolytics produced a protective effect in acetylcholine bronchospasm, troventol was more effective than atrovent, calcium antagonists has no preventive effect in exercise tolerance test.
