Pediatric Precursor B-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Presenting with Extensive Skeletal Lesions.

Lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL) of the B cell type is uncommon, and extranodal presentation is even rarer. It is difficult to suspect this diagnosis without clinically obvious lymph nodal mass or bone marrow involvement. A 3-year-old girl presented with progressive pain and swelling of the right knee joint of 3 months duration. Radiograph revealed expansile lytic lesion at the supracondylar area of the right femur; with pathological fracture and multiple lytic areas in both femora. She neither had lymphadenopathy nor organomegaly. Her blood counts, peripheral smear examination and bone marrow examination were normal. Right supracondylar biopsy revealed diagnosis of a precursor B cell LL. Computerized tomography scan revealed a hypodense, poorly enhancing lesion in the left adnexal region. Although rare, precursor B-cell LL may present with extensive bone lesions. Early and accurate diagnosis of this entity is very important due to its high cure rates.

Multiple granulocytic sarcomas in acute myeloblastic leukemia with simultaneous occurrence of t(8:21) and trisomy 8.

This report describes a rare case of multiple intracranial, extradural chloromas. A five year old African American male presented with headache, fever, and vomiting. The peripheral blood smear showed myeloblasts with Auer rods. The CTscan of the brain showed three intracranial, epidural lesions as well as soft tissue masses in the retroorbital region and sphenoid sinuses. CTscan of the chest showed two paraspinal epidural thoracic masses. Pathology of the epidural intracranial mass revealed a granulocytic sarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis showed simultaneous occurrence of t(8;21) and trisomy 8. Following induction therapy, he is now in complete remission.

Differential role of ovarian hormones for taste preferences in rats.

The effects of estrogen (OVX-EB) and progesterone (OVX-P) administration to ovariectomized (OVX) rats on food and fluid intakes were studied in fifty five animals grouped into three series. Animals in each series were given a choice of two fluids viz. tap water and either 5% glucose (5 G/W) or 12% glucose (12 G/W) or 1.5% Sodium chloride (S/W) by two bottle preference. Both hormones had a differential effect on the ingestion of the two concentrations of glucose while progesterone markedly increased the intake of Sodium Chloride. Could the putative role of the ovarian hormones be hedonic for glucose and homeostatic for salt?

Role of acetylcholine and dopamine in dorsal hippocampus on hoarding behavior in rats.

The probable roles of Acetylcholine (Ach) and Dopamine (DA) in the modulation of instinctual behaviors of feeding and hoarding (HS), as also the body weight and vaginal cyclicity (EI), were studied by instillation of Atropine (Ach antagonist), Haloperidol (DA antagonist) and Apomorphine (DA agonist) in the dorsal hippocampus of nonpregnant female rats. It was observed that the HS was significantly decreased with both Atropine and haloperidol and increased with Apomorphine, although the food intake was decreased with the three chemicals. It appears that action of both Ach and DA on the dorsal hippocampus has a positive influence on hoarding behavior.

Variations in hoarding behavior following regional hippocampal lesions in rats.

Instinctual behaviors of feeding (food intake) and hoarding (HS) so also the body weight and estrus cycles (EI) were studied before and after discrete bilateral electrolytic lesions of dorsal hippocampus in female rats. Following the lesions, there was significant increase in food intake, body weight, hoarding score and disruption of 4-5 days estrus cycles with EI of more than one, as compared to the control (prelesioned) period and the sham operated rats. Lesions of ventral hippocampus in the earlier study (Indian J exp Biol, 26 (1988) 53) had shown a significant decrease in hoarding thus suggesting a differential role of the hippocampus probably mediated through the amygdala and/or hypothalamus both of which either alone or together exert a more direct and pivotal control in the feeding and hoarding behaviour.

Measure of motivational drive for hoarding in laboratory rats.

The drive for hoarding food pellets was studied in adult female rats kept on restricted food schedule, by using varying current strength applied through the metal grid. It was observed that the rats maintained higher hoarding score at proestrus and lowest at diestrus at all strengths of currents used in the experiment indicating stronger drive at proestrus.

Role of ovarian hormones on hoarding in rats--feedback mechanism.

The adult female rats hoard large quantities of food during proestrus and continue hoarding if ovariectomised at proestrus (Group I). The hoarding score is lowest in diestrus and continue to remain low if ovariectomised during this phase (Group II). The scores in Group I and Group II are reversed in intracerebral administration of Progesterone and Estradiol Benzoate respectively into preoptic areas. The significance of the response is discussed on the basis of built-in feedback mechanism for hoarding cyclicity.

Role of ovarian hormones in hoarding pattern.

Hoarding pattern studied in 28 adult female albino rats indicated cyclic changes in hoarding corresponding to alterations in estrus cycle. It was observed that the hoarding score was maximum at proestrus and the least at diestrus. Animals ovariectomised at proestrus maintained higher hoarding score and those ovariectomised at diestrus stablised on lower hoarding score. Progesterone administration reduced the score in high-score group and Oestrogen administration improved the score in low score group. Alterations in ovarian hormone levels were thus observed to influence hoarding pattern in rats.

Hunger versus hoarding and body weight in rats.

The present study revealed that the rats kept on two hour meal schedule hoarded large quantity of food as compared to their hoarding score when kept on food ad lib. Body weights were maintained even though the food intake was slightly reduced. Hunger seems to a stronger drive for hoarding.

Distribution of orally administered bromine-82 in tubercular meningitis: concise communication.

Bromine-82 as ammonium bromide (0.6 muCi/kg) was administered orally to 86 children with neurologic manifestations of tubercular meningitis (TBM). The cerebrospinal-fluid-to-plasma activity ratios were obtained at 48 hr. A serum-to-CSF ratio below 1.9 was highly specific for TBM (40 of 42 patients), and only 4 of 44 patients with neurologic disorders other than TBM had ratios below 1.9. An attempt to simplify the diagnosis of TBM was carried out in 44 of the 86 patients by obtaining external counts over the head, heart, and thigh at 4, 24, and 48 hr after Br-82 administration, but these external counts did not distinguish TBM patients from the other patients in our series.