[Hygienic characteristics of actual nutrition of the working population Samara Region].

The article presents the data of a retrospective analysis of the average per capita consumption of food by the population of the Samara region in comparison with the all-Russian indicators and recommended values of consumption in the period from 2010 to 2015, as well as the analysis of the actual nutrition of different groups of the working-age population of the Samara region in 2015 (2154 people aged 18 up to 62 years of age, 1179 of them women, 975 men) using the method of 24-hour reproduction of food and the frequency method with quantitative assessment of consumed products, in comparison with the dynamics of the prevalence of alimentary-dependent diseases. Estimation of parameters of nutritional status was also conducted on blood level of cholesterol and glucose, bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition (n=514). It was found that 48.2% of the subjects had normal body weight, 38.1% -overweight, 13.7% - obesity. The analysis of actual consumption revealed an unfavorable trend of increasing consumption of fats, as well as sugar from 2010 to 2015, while the consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries was lowed compared to the national indicators and recommended consumption values. The analysis of actual nutrition allowed to make a conclusion about severe violations of the relationships between nutrients in the diet of all surveyed populations, characterized by the excess intake of fat (45% of the energy diet value), including saturated fatty acids, and added sugar (13% calories). In the diet of 82% of the respondents the content of vitamins B1 and B2 did not reach the recommended level, niacin - 37%, vitamin A - 47%, vitamin C - 68%, calcium and iron - 14%. With an increase in BMI, there was an increase in blood level of cholesterol and glucose (r=0.24 and r=0.26, respectively, p<0.05), both in men and women. In individuals with excess fat and added sugar in the diet, increased fat body component (r=0.17, p<0.05) and lowered content of skeletal muscle mass (r=0.25, p<0.05) were observed. The revealed unfavorable trend of nutritional and metabolic disorders, against the background of increased consumption of fats, added sugar, indicates the need for an integrated approach to the correction of diet at both individual and population levels.

[The dependence of diet macronutrient composition and energy intake from human phase of the weekly cycle ­ weekdays/weekends].

When planning your diet regime is desirable to focus on the natural feeding behavior of the person. However, many aspects of eating behavior are not studied. The aim of this work was to study the changes of diet calorie and nutrient composition depending on the body mass index (BMI), time of day, week cycle phase: weekends/weekdays, and the availability of rational installation in nutrition. The study involved 67 women aged 29 to 49 years with a BMI of 18.3 to 34.2 kg/m2. Macronutrient composition and energy value of the diet were evaluated by analyzing the food diaries, which were filled by all respondents continuously for 8 workdays and 4 weekends. The results of this study showed no significant correlation between BMI and calorie intake, while a positive correlation was observed between BMI and fat component of the diet (r=0.362, p≤0.05). It was also found that the restriction of food intake in the evening (after 8 pm) did not lead to a decrease in total daily energy value of the diet, and was characterized by the consumption in the evening about 31% of the total fat intake. Diet energy value was significantly higher on weekends than during the week and was 2376±394 against 1940±402 kcal (p<0.05). According to the data obtained, compliance «restriction of supply in the evening¼ does not lead to a significant reduction in daily caloric intake.

[The efficacy of physical exercises in correcting the lipid metabolic disorders in patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. / Effektivnost' fizicheskikh trenirovok v korrektsii narushenii lipidnogo obmena u bol'nykh, perenesshikh infarkt miokarda.

The influence of 4-month exercise training (ET) on the dynamics of lipids and lipoproteins of blood plasma regarding their initial level was studied in 64 postmyocardial infarction (PMI) patients. The initial 2 months bicycle exercise was performed in the moderate regimen (50-60% of individual ET), the next 2 months--in intensive regimen (70-90% of new threshold training). 46 control patients did no exercise. Two and four months of ET resulted in reduction of plasma cholesterol and its atherogenic fractions, an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and exercise tolerance compared to the controls. Thus, ET in two-step regimen corrects lipid blood spectrum in PMI patients.