The Royal Princess Anna Vasa. Historical note and radiological examination of her skeleton.

Radiological findings on the skeleton of the Royal Princess Anna Vasa are presented. Anna Vasa (1568-1625) was the sister of Sigismund Vasa, who reigned as Sigismund III, king of Sweden and Poland. She was born in Sweden but spent most of her life in Poland. Her skeleton was removed from the tomb in Torun during restoration work at St. Mary's Church in April 1994. It was then subjected to anthropological and radiological examinations (conventional radiography and CT). The studies revealed a number of anatomical deviations and pathological abnormalities; e.g. basilar impression and congenital anomalies of the spine. These findings can explain many of the complaints troubling Anna Vasa during her lifetime. A fragmentary historical outline and biography of Anna Vasa and Sigismund III are also presented.

[The place of galactography in the diagnosis of secreting mamma]. / Miejsce galaktografii w diagnostyce sutka wydzielajacego.

Examinations were carried out in 3,300 women, finding in 210 cases a spontaneous or provoked discharge from one or two breasts. Out of these women 115 patients came for galactographic examination. After the radiological examinations 37 patients were treated surgically including 28 cases with the diagnosis of intraductal hyperplasia, and in this group of patients histopathological examination demonstrated: nine cases of cancer, seven cases of papilloma, seven cases of fibroadenoma, seven cases of benign dysplasia with ductal epithelial hyperplasia, three cases of inflammatory lesions, and one case without pathological changes. The analysis carried out demonstrated that galactographic picture of secreting ducts may suggest a hyperplastic process but determination of its character is possible only in histopathological examination.

[Breast examination in women from the Paluk region]. / Badania sutków u kobiet z regionu Paluk.

Breast examination for early cancer detection in high risk patients are being performed even more frequently in our country and in other ones. Wide availability of mammosonography facilitates such management. X-ray mammography in view of irradiation is less frequently used. An attempt has been undertaken at carrying out breast examinations of a selected Paluski area. The analysis included 180 women who after carrying out comprehensive breast examination and obtaining of history data were qualified for the group of high risk for breast cancer.

[Ultrasonographic diagnostics and the organization of treating congenital dysplasia of the hip in Torun]. / Diagnostyka ultrasonograficzna i organizacja leczenia wrodzonej dysplazji stawów biodrowych w Toruniu.

A series of 9348 children (18696 hips) has been screened with ultrasound between 1990 and 1992; congenital dysplasia of various degree was found in 459 hips. All children were treated nonoperatively. The early results of conservative treatment are encouraging. Since the introduction of the new prophylaxis-treatment system only 4 children with persistent dislocation required surgery.

[Computer tomography of the brain in psychiatric patients. Comparison with other indices of organic changes]. / Tomografia komputerowa mózgu u chorych z zaburzeniami psychicznymi. Porównanie z innymi wskaznikami zmian organicznych.

A group of 80 psychiatric patients--40 males and 40 females--aged 13 to 72--were examined in order to compare the results of computer tomography (CT) of the brain with indicators of organic changes obtained from EEG, psychological and neurological tests. The most frequent organic pathology present in the computer tomography was brain atrophy, displayed in 40 patients (50% of the examined) and constituting the only change in 29 patients (36% of the examined, including 19 males and 10 females). The comparison of 29 patients with brain atrophy with those with normal CT revealed that the former produced pathological EEG more frequently. However, it did not indicate any predominance of pathological results of psychological and neurological examination, neither did it show one of defined psychopathological image. Within the group of "other organic pathology", the most frequent abnormality was hyperostosis frontalis interna. It was present in 6 persons, including 5 females, and was usually associated with brain atrophy and pathological results of psychopathological tests. Other abnormalities found in the "other group of organic changes" included celebral tumours, hydromas, ischenic foci and inherited defects of the brain. No explicit relationship between the CT and the indicators of organic changes was found in this group.

[Rare case of congenital chyluria]. / Rzadki przypadek wrodzonego chlonkomoczu.

A rare case is presented of congenital chyluria in a 16-year-old boy. On the basis of literature data the pathological mechanism of that disease is discussed. The clinical data and examinations carried out, particularly lymphography, confirmed the preliminary clinical diagnosis.

[Value of mammography and sonomammography in the diagnosis of benign breast diseases coexisting with genital pathologic lesions]. / Wartosc mammografii i sonomammografii w rozpoznaniu lagodnych chorób sutka wspólistniejacych z patologia narzadu rodnego.

In the paper the relationship was analysed between certain gynaecological diseases and benign changes occurring within the breast. The study was carried out in 400 patients and 108 females were subjected to the analysis. In 42 patients in this group histopathological examination was also performed. On the basis of the studies carried out among women in the Bydgoszcz region, a relationship was found between benign changes in the breast and certain genital diseases.

[Diagnosis of breast pathology in men]. / Diagnostyka patologii sutka u mezczyzn.

Among pathological states of the breast in men the most frequently encountered is gynecomastia caused by glandular hypertrophy. Male breast carcinoma is an unfrequent condition. These and other diseases differential diagnosis with application of mammography is presented.

Overloading changes in the motor system occurring in elite gymnasts.

Top-level gymnasts were examined in 1976 and in 1980. During both examinations X-ray osteal changes as a result of training were found. In 1980 complaints of pain during the training process were analyzed. It was found that radiological changes appeared in the elbow joints (73.2%), spinal column (65.8%), in the area of the shoulder joints (59.8%), and in the wrist joints (58.5%). The L-S segment of the spinal column had such anomalies as schistorrhachis of the S1 arc, lumbarization, and sacralization. A characteristic feature was the frequent discrepancy between complaints of pain and radiological changes. In many cases permanent radiological changes were not accompanied by pain. Longer training periods were associated with more pronounced changes. It was concluded that radiological examinations should be one of the criteria for selecting gymnasts and a change in the FIG regulations is proposed to reduce the work load of the motor system.