Impacto de la pandemia por covid-19 en los deportistas / Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on athletes

La pandemia del covid-19 afectó a todo el planeta, alterando la salud, la libertad, la economía, la cultura y la seguridad. El mundo del deporte no quedó al margen de esta situación. Los deportistas debieron confinarse como el resto de la población, pero esto implicó para ellos un desentrenamiento prolongado (más de cuatro semanas) que provocó la pérdida de muchas de las adaptaciones físicas y psicológicas que genera el entrenamiento. Se generaron alteraciones en los sistemas cardiorrespiratorio, inmune y osteomuscular y endócrino, en el metabolismo, y un aumento de masa grasa en detrimento de la masa magra, lo que puede generar lesiones en el regreso a la actividad. Se tomaron medidas paliativas para que el desentrenamiento no fuera tan profundo, pero, como su nombre lo indica, estas medidas no reemplazan totalmente el entrenamiento. (AU)

The covid-19 pandemic has been affecting the worldwide, not only in relation to the health but also to the liberty, the economy, the culture and the security. However, sports have not been the exception. The athletes fell into confinement as the rest of the population, but these led to a prolonged detraining, (more than four weeks), which caused the loss of all physical and psychological adaptation generated by training. Some alterations were observed in the cardiorespiratory system, in the immunity, in the osteo-muscular apparatus, in the metabolic system, in the endocrine system and in the increase in fat mass at the expense of lean mass, which can cause injuries during the return to activity. Palliative measures were taken so that detraining wasn't so deep, but as the name implies, this measures do not totally replace training. (AU)

Actividad física recreativa en niños y adolescentes: situación actual, indicaciones y beneficios / Recreational physical activity in children and adolescents: current situation, indications and benefits

Actividad física se considera a cualquier movimiento corporal producido por los músculos esqueléticos, con el consiguiente consumo de energía. Los niños que hacen actividad física logran beneficios en diversos aspectos: condición física, psicológica, social, desarrollo de hábitos saludables, mejora en la calidad de vida adulta. Esta actividad física debe ser voluntaria, desarrollada en los tiempos libres, y generar placer y alegría, lo que contribuirá a la salud física y psicológica. Favorece la creatividad y las relaciones sociales y de comunicación. Promueve la educación en hábitos saludables para la vida adulta. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud la actividad física es un pilar para combatir el flagelo de la obesidad y el sobrepeso, y una herramienta para disminuir el sedentarismo mundial de aquí al 2030. (AU)

Physical activity is considered as any body movement produced by skeletal muscles, which consumes energy. Children who do physical activity achieve benefits in various aspects: physical, psychological, social condition, develop of healthy habits, improvement of quality in adult life. Physical activity must be voluntary, developed in leisure time, and shall generate pleasure and joy. This way physical activity contributes with physical and psychological health. It also promotes creativity as much as sociable and communicational relationships. At the same time, physical activity encourages, promotes the education in healthy habits for adult life. According to the World Health Organization, physical activity is a pillar to combat the scourge of obesity and the overweight. It is a tool to reduce world sedentary lifestyle by 2030. (AU)

Determination of urinary bicarbonate with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Comparison using two different methods.

The determination of urinary bicarbonate with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation was compared using two methods: (1) correcting the pK in every urine sample according to ionic strength and using the solubility constant of CO2 in urine (alpha=0.0309) and (2) using a fixed pK value (6.1) and a CO2 solubility constant of 0.0301, which we use to calculate blood bicarbonate. Nine patients were studied and 29 determinations were performed. A high correlation was found between the methods (r=0.99). Bicarbonate calculated with corrected pK was 24.3+/-6.6 mEq/l (95% confidence interval 11.4-37.2) and bicarbonate calculated with pK fixed at 6.1 was 25.6+/-6.6 mEq/l (95% confidence interval 12.7-38.5). For each urine sample, the delta bicarbonate was calculated as the difference between the bicarbonate obtained with pK at 6.1 minus that obtained with the corrected pK (mean 1.25, standard error 0.83, P=0.15). This indicates that the difference between the methods was not significant. No difference was found whether pK was corrected or fixed (6.1). Therefore, our results suggest that it is valid to take the value shown by the equipment for blood gas determination as the urinary bicarbonate value. This would allow the rapid and accurate determination of urinary bicarbonate in patients with hyperchloremic acidosis, especially those with renal tubular acidosis.