"Are you a homophobic racist?": Applying lay theory of generalized prejudice to the discrimination-distress link.

OBJECTIVES: The present research aimed to examine, among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ +) people of color, whether experiencing discrimination rooted in one stigmatized identity (e.g., racial/ethnic minority identity) would be positively associated with expecting discrimination rooted in both the same (e.g., racial/ethnic minority identity) and different (e.g., sexual/gender minority identity) stigmatized identities, and whether such expectations would be positively associated with psychological distress. Endorsement of a lay theory of generalized prejudice (LTGP) was expected to moderate the relationship between experience of discrimination in one identity dimension and expectation of it in another. METHOD: We recruited 246 LGBTQ + people of color (48.4% cisgender women, 24.8% transgender/gender-variant; Mage = 23.84, SD = 4.73) to complete an online survey. RESULTS: As hypothesized, more frequent heterosexism/cisgenderism was associated with greater racial/ethnic discrimination, which was associated with greater psychological distress. Likewise, experience of racism was positively associated with expectation of heterosexism/cisgenderism; however, expecting heterosexism/cisgenderism was not associated with psychological distress. Contrary to the hypothesis, only among people low (but not high) in LTGP was experience of racism or heterosexism/cisgenderism associated with the expectation of discrimination rooted in the other identity. CONCLUSIONS: People high in LTGP may habitually expect discrimination regardless of their discriminatory experiences. By demonstrating the different pathways via which discrimination is linked with distress, this study highlights the benefit of intersectional research and underscores the need for systemic change to reduce discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Does suppressing the thought of a self-relevant stigma affect interpersonal interaction?

In the current study, we examined the effects of women's suppressing negative gender stereotypes while interacting with a male confederate. Compared with control participants, those who suppressed negative thoughts about women's ability experienced less self-confidence, lower self-esteem, and were more nonverbally submissive during the interaction, particularly if they were high in stigma consciousness (Pinel, 1999). These findings illustrate the negative intra- and interpersonal consequences of stigma suppression.

Using psyscope to conduct IAT experiments on Macintosh computers.

The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) is one of the most widely used tools for assessing implicit attitudes. To date, most IAT experiments have been run using Inquisit, a PC-based program. In the present article, we describe a method for conducting IAT experiments using PsyScope, a free, downloadable, Macintosh-based program (see Bonatti, n.d., for the OS X version; Cohen, MacWhinney, Flatt, & Provost, 1993, for the OS 9 version). In addition, we explain how data can be imported into SPSS for analysis. Preliminary results indicate that, in comparison with the PC version of the IAT, the Macintosh version provides similar sensitivity in measuring implicit self-esteem. Our PsyScope script and SPSS syntax may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive.