RESUMO
Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species.
Assuntos
Drosophila/classificação , Drosophila/genética , Evolução Molecular , Genes de Insetos/genética , Genoma de Inseto/genética , Genômica , Filogenia , Animais , Códon/genética , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis/genética , Drosophila/imunologia , Drosophila/metabolismo , Proteínas de Drosophila/genética , Ordem dos Genes/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Imunidade/genética , Família Multigênica/genética , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Reprodução/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sintenia/genéticaRESUMO
Protein interaction maps can reveal novel pathways and functional complexes, allowing 'guilt by association' annotation of uncharacterized proteins. To address the need for large-scale protein interaction analyses, a bacterial two-hybrid system was coupled with a whole genome shotgun sequencing approach for microbial genome analysis. We report the first large-scale proteomics study using this system, integrating de novo genome sequencing with functional interaction mapping and annotation in a high-throughput format. We apply the approach by shotgun sequencing and annotating the genome of Rickettsia sibirica strain 246, an obligate intracellular human pathogen among the Spotted Fever Group rickettsiae. The bacteria invade endothelial cells and cause lysis after large amounts of progeny have accumulated. Little is known about specific Rickettsial virulence factors and their mode of pathogenicity. Analysis of the combined genomic sequence and protein-protein interaction data for a set of virulence related Type IV secretion system (T4SS) proteins revealed over 250 interactions and will provide insight into the mechanism of Rickettsial pathogenicity.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Mapeamento de Interação de Proteínas/métodos , Rickettsia/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Sequência de Bases , Genoma Bacteriano , Biblioteca Genômica , Rickettsia/metabolismo , Rickettsia/patogenicidadeRESUMO
The National Institutes of Health Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) Program is a multiinstitutional effort to identify and sequence a cDNA clone containing a complete ORF for each human and mouse gene. ESTs were generated from libraries enriched for full-length cDNAs and analyzed to identify candidate full-ORF clones, which then were sequenced to high accuracy. The MGC has currently sequenced and verified the full ORF for a nonredundant set of >9,000 human and >6,000 mouse genes. Candidate full-ORF clones for an additional 7,800 human and 3,500 mouse genes also have been identified. All MGC sequences and clones are available without restriction through public databases and clone distribution networks (see http:mgc.nci.nih.gov).
