RESUMO
The Suidae and the Dicotylidae (or Tayassuidae) are related mammalian families, both belonging to the artiodactyl suborder Suiformes, which diverged more than 37 million years ago. Cross-species chromosome painting was performed between the domestic pig (Sus scrofa; 2n = 38), a representative of the Suidae, and two species of the Dicotylidae: the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu; 2n = 30) and the white-lipped peccary (T. pecari; 2n = 26). G-banded metaphase chromosomes of the two peccaries were hybridized with whole chromosome painting probes derived from domestic pig chromosomes 1-18 and X. For both peccary species, a total of 31 autosomal segments that are conserved between pig and peccary could be identified. The painting results confirm conclusions inferred from G-band analyses that the karyotypes of the collared peccary and the white-lipped peccary are largely different. The karyotypic heterogeneity of the Dicotylidae contrasts with the relative homogeneity among the karyotypes of the Suidae. For this difference between the Dicotylidae and the Suidae, a number of explanations are being postulated: 1) the extant peccaries are phylogenetically less closely related than is usually assumed; 2) the peccary genome is less stable than the genome of the pigs; and 3) special (e.g. biogeographical or biosocial) circumstances have facilitated the fixation of chromosome rearrangements in ancestral dicotylid populations.
Assuntos
Artiodáctilos/genética , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Artiodáctilos/classificação , Evolução Biológica , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Coloração Cromossômica , Feminino , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Filogenia , Especificidade da Espécie , Sus scrofa/classificaçãoRESUMO
Recently, rabbit microsatellite markers were developed from a chromosome 1-specific library, and seven new markers were incorporated into the genetic map of the rabbit. We have now developed microsatellite markers from chromosomes 3-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 12-, and 19-specific libraries. Linkage analysis was performed with use of these new markers, five recently physically mapped markers (PMP2, TCRB, ALOX15, MT1, and Sol33), microsatellite markers located in the HBA gene cluster, the MHC region and FABP6 gene, and seven biochemical markers (Es-1, Es-3, Est-2, Est-4, Est-6, Est-X, and HP). This analysis enabled us to verify the specificity of the libraries and to determine the position and orientation of the linkage groups on the chromosomes.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Biblioteca Gênica , Repetições de Microssatélites , Coelhos/genética , Animais , Análise Citogenética , Ligação Genética , Marcadores GenéticosRESUMO
In order to improve the informativeness of the cytogenetic map of the rabbit genome, fourteen markers were regionally mapped to individual chromosomes. The localizations comprise eleven gene loci (PRLR, GHR, HK1, ACE, TF, 18S+28S rDNA, CYP2C4, PMP2, TCRB, ALOX15 and MT1) and three microsatellite loci (Sat13, Sol33 and D1Utr6). Five of the genes contain known microsatellite sequences. To achieve these localizations, homologous and heterologous small insert clones, and clones from a rabbit Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) library were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments. Results indicate that especially BAC clones are a valuable tool for cytogenetic mapping. Some of the genes were selected for mapping on the basis of human- rabbit comparative painting data, to achieve localizations on gene-poor rabbit chromosomes. Our data are, in general, in agreement with the human-rabbit comparative painting data. By mapping microsatellite sequences that have also been used in linkage studies, links are provided between the genetic and physical maps of the rabbit genome. Linkage groups I, VI and XI could be assigned to chromosomes 1, 5 and 3 respectively. Moreover, in this paper we give an overview of the current status of the rabbit cytogenetic map. This map now comprises 62 physically mapped genes, which are scattered over all autosomes, except chromosome 2, and the X chromosome.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Coelhos/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , CariotipagemRESUMO
The dog serves as an animal model for several human diseases including X-chromosome diseases. Although the canine X-chromosome is one of the largest chromosomes in the dog, only a few markers have been mapped to it to date. Using a commercially available canine whole genome radiation hybrid (RH) panel we have localized 14 microsatellite markers, 18 genes and 13 STSs on the canine X-chromosome, extending the total number of mapped markers to 45 covering an estimated 830 cR. Out of these 45 markers, seven distinct groups of markers could be established with an average spacing of 18.8 cR(3000) and ten markers remained unlinked. Using FISH analysis, six markers could be mapped physically to the p- or q-arm of the X-chromosome. Combined with the FISH mapping, three RH groups could be assigned to the p-arm and two RH groups to the q-arm. Comparison with the human X-chromosome map revealed conserved synteny up to 234 cR (TIMP1-ALAS2-AR-IL2RG-XIST). We show here that the similarity of the canine and human X-chromosomes is the largest for any mammalian species beyond the primates.
Assuntos
Cães/genética , Mapeamento de Híbridos Radioativos/métodos , Cromossomo X , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Primers do DNA , Marcadores Genéticos , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Direct detection of fluorescent in situ hybridization signals on R-banded chromosomes stained with propidium iodide is a rapid and efficient method for constructing cytogenetic maps for species with R-banded standard karyotypes. In this paper, our aim is to establish an R-banded rabbit karyotype nomenclature that is in total agreement with the 1981 G-banded standard nomenclature. For this purpose, we have produced new GTG- and RBG-banded mid-metaphase karyotypes and an updated version of ideograms of R-banded rabbit chromosomes. In addition, to confirm correlations between G- and R-banded chromosomes, we have defined a set of 23 rabbit BAC clones, each containing a specific gene, one marker gene per rabbit chromosome, and we have localized precisely each BAC clone by FISH on both G- and R-banded chromosomes.
Assuntos
Bandeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Mamíferos , Cariotipagem , Coelhos/genética , Terminologia como Assunto , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos de Mamíferos/ultraestrutura , Genes , Marcadores Genéticos , Hibridização in Situ FluorescenteAssuntos
Cromossomos/genética , Glicoproteínas/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Proteolipídeos/genética , Surfactantes Pulmonares/genética , Suínos/genética , Animais , Mapeamento Físico do Cromossomo , Proteína D Associada a Surfactante Pulmonar , Proteínas Associadas a Surfactantes PulmonaresRESUMO
We have developed a novel method for identifying dog chromosomes and unambiguously mapping specific clones onto canine chromosomes. This method uses a previously established red fox/dog comparative chromosome map to guide the FISH mapping of cloned canine DNA. Mixing metaphase preparations of the red fox and dog enabled a single hybridization to be performed on both species. We used this approach to map the chromosomal locations of twenty-six canine cosmids. Each cosmid contains highly polymorphic microsatellite markers currently used by the DogMap project to compile the canine linkage map. All but two cosmids were successfully assigned to subchromosomal regions on red fox and dog chromosomes. For eight cosmids previously mapped on dog chromosomes, we confirmed and refined the canine chromosomal assignments of seven cosmids and corrected an erroneous assignment regarding cosmid CanBern1. These results demonstrate that the red fox and dog comparative chromosome map can greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of chromosomal assignments of canine genetic markers by FISH.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , DNA/genética , Cães/genética , Raposas/genética , Animais , Clonagem Molecular , Cosmídeos , Feminino , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , MasculinoRESUMO
Chromosomal assignments are reported for fourteen porcine expressed sequence tags (ESTs)--CALM1, CRYAB, MYH7, MYL1, PDK4, PGAM2, PYGM, REV3L, RFC1, SLN, SPTBN1, SRM160, TPM1 and YWHAG. The ESTs were derived from our porcine skeletal muscle cDNA library. The ESTs sequences selected for mapping included the presence of the 3'-untranslated region. The assignments were performed using two independent somatic cell hybrid panels providing the possibility of confirmation of the results obtained. The observed localizations are compared with the locations predicted from heterologous (human-pig, pig-human) chromosome painting data and knowledge of the map locations of the human homologues. These results add new information to the porcine genome transcript map.
Assuntos
Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Células Híbridas , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Suínos/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNARESUMO
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to construct a homology map to analyse the extent of evolutionary conservation of chromosome segments between human and rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus, 2n = 44). Chromosome-specific probes were established by bivariate fluorescence activated flow sorting followed by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed PCR (DOP-PCR). Painting of rabbit probes to human chromosomes and vice versa allowed a detailed analysis of the homology between these species. All rabbit chromosome paints, except for the Y paint, hybridized to human chromosomes. All human chromosome paints, except for the Y paint, hybridized to rabbit chromosomes. The results obtained revealed extensive genome conservation between the two species. Rabbit chromosomes 12, 19 and X were found to be completely homologous to human chromosomes 6, 17 and X, respectively. All other human chromosomes were homologous to two or sometimes three rabbit chromosomes. Many conserved chromosome segments found previously in other mammals (e.g. cat, pig, cattle, Indian muntjac) were also found to be conserved in rabbit chromosomes.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Coloração Cromossômica , Sequência Conservada , Coelhos/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Gatos , Bovinos , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Cariotipagem , Masculino , Cervo Muntjac , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , SuínosRESUMO
Revised G-, Q- and R-banded karyotypes and ideograms for sheep chromosomes at the 420-band level of resolution are presented. The positions of landmark bands on the sheep chromosomes are defined by their distance relative to the centromere to facilitate comparison with equivalent cattle chromosomes. Chromosome-specific (reference) molecular markers that have been mapped to sheep chromosomes and their equivalent cattle chromosomes are proposed. Reference markers will facilitate genome comparisons between sheep and cattle and minimise confusion due to chromosome nomenclature. Numbering of the Robertsonian translocation chromosomes remains as previously reported.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Bandeamento Cromossômico/normas , Mapeamento Cromossômico/normas , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Cromossomos/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Cariotipagem , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/genética , Padrões de Referência , Terminologia como Assunto , Translocação GenéticaRESUMO
Two expressed sequence tags were isolated from a porcine skeletal muscle cDNA library and identified as the putative partial cDNAs of the porcine Na+, K(+)-ATPase subunit alpha 2 (ATP1A2) and muscle phosphofructokinase (PFKM) genes after sequencing and homology search. Results of analysis of a pig-rodent somatic cell hybrid panel by PCR allowed the assignments of ATP1A2 to porcine chromosome (chr) 4 and of PFKM to porcine chr 5. These assignments support previously observed conservation of syntenic relationships between human chr 1 and porcine chr 4 and between human chr 12 and porcine chr 5.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico/veterinária , Fosfofrutoquinase-1/genética , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/genética , Suínos/genética , Animais , Cromossomos Humanos Par 1 , Cromossomos Humanos Par 12 , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologia , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
Revised G-, Q- and R-banded karyotypes and ideograms for sheep chromosomes at the 420-band level of resolution are presented. The positions of landmark bands on the sheep chromosomes are defined by their distance relative to the centromere to facilitate comparison with equivalent cattle chromosomes. Chromosome-specific (reference) molecular markers that have been mapped to sheep chromosomes and their equivalent cattle chromosomes are proposed. Reference markers will facilitate genome comparisons between sheep and cattle and minimise confusion due to chromosome nomenclature. Numbering of the Robertsonian translocation chromosomes remains as previously reported.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Bandeamento Cromossômico/normas , Mapeamento Cromossômico/normas , Ovinos/genética , Animais , Cromossomos/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Cariotipagem , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/genética , Padrões de Referência , Terminologia como Assunto , Translocação Genética/genéticaRESUMO
A cell line derived from a spleen metastasis of a mammary carcinoma in a female dog was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with canine chromosome-specific paints. The cell line showed a modal chromosome number of 77, with three (90% of the cells) or four (10% of the cells) biarmed chromosomes. Aberrations observed relate to chromosomes 8 or 11, 13 or 15, 37, 38, and X and include chromosome loss (X), formation of isochromosomes (8 or 11, 13 or 15), and centric fusion (37 and 38). In all aberrations, whole chromosomes are involved. None of the genes known to be related to breast cancer development in humans and that has mapped in the dog is located on one of the aberrant chromosomes. The results of this study show that chromosome painting is a most useful tool for the analysis of canine tumor cells.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/genética , Animais , Carcinoma/patologia , Bandeamento Cromossômico , DNA de Neoplasias/análise , Cães , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/patologia , Neoplasias Esplênicas/secundário , Células Tumorais CultivadasAssuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/genética , Animais , DNA Complementar/isolamento & purificação , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/isolamento & purificação , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , SuínosRESUMO
The locations of the genes encoding 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA and 5S rRNA were studied in two relatives of the domestic pig, the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) and the white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). In the babirusa, the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rDNA is located on chromosomes 6, 8 and 10. The genes on chromosomes 8 and 10 are actively transcribed, in contrast to those on chromosomes 6. In the white-lipped peccary, this rDNA was found to be located on chromosomes 4 and 8. The genes on both of these pairs of chromosomes are actively transcribed. The 5S rDNA was physically mapped to chromosome 16 in the babirusa, and to chromosome 11 in the white-lipped peccary. These data are compared to similar data obtained for the domestic pig, and confirm previously recognized chromosome homologies.
Assuntos
Artiodáctilos/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Animais , Artiodáctilos/classificação , Bandeamento Cromossômico , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Sondas de DNA , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 5,8S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 5S/genética , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The gene clusters encoding 18S + 28S and 5S rRNA in the dog (Canis familiaris) have been localized by using GTG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The 18S + 28S rDNA maps to chromosome regions 7q2.5-->q2.7, 17q1.7, qter of a medium-sized, not yet numbered autosome, and Yq1.2-->q1.3. Our data show that there is one cluster of 5S rDNA in the dog, which maps to chromosome region 4q1.4.