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1.
Acta Gastroenterol Belg ; 86(1): 49-57, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36842175

RESUMO

Background and study aims: Functional dyspepsia is a common chronic condition with upper abdominal symptoms in the absence of an organic cause. The first line treatment consists of protonpomp inhibition or Helicobacter pylori eradication. However, this approach often does not provide enough symptom relief. Neuromodulating agents are commonly used in clinical practice but only tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) are mentioned in European and American and Canadian guidelines. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the literature in Pubmed for full-text randomized controlled trials in English with adult participants (>18 years) who met the Rome II, III or IV criteria or were diagnosed by a physician with a negative upper endoscopy and that compared a neuromodulating agent with placebo. Results: The search strategy identified 386 articles of which 14 articles met the eligibility criteria. TCAs like amitriptyline and imipramine have been shown to be effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia whereas other neuromodulating agents like tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics might be beneficial but conclusive evidence is lacking. serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) have not shown benefit in patients with functional dyspepsia. Conclusion: Selected neuromodulators have an established efficacy in functional dyspepsia. The best supporting evidence is available for TCAs with a potential role for tetracyclic antidepressants, levosulpiride and anxiolytics.


Assuntos
Ansiolíticos , Dispepsia , Adulto , Humanos , Ansiolíticos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/uso terapêutico , Canadá , Dispepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
2.
Neth Heart J ; 29(6): 301-308, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33528799

RESUMO

In relatives of index patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, early detection of disease onset is essential to prevent sudden cardiac death and facilitate early treatment of heart failure. However, the optimal screening interval and combination of diagnostic techniques are unknown. The clinical course of disease in index patients and their relatives is variable due to incomplete and age-dependent penetrance. Several biomarkers, electrocardiographic and imaging (echocardiographic deformation imaging and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging) techniques are promising non-invasive methods for detection of subclinical cardiomyopathy. However, these techniques need optimisation and integration into clinical practice. Furthermore, determining the optimal interval and intensity of cascade screening may require a personalised approach. To address this, the CVON-eDETECT (early detection of disease in cardiomyopathy mutation carriers) consortium aims to integrate electronic health record data from long-term follow-up, diagnostic data sets, tissue and plasma samples in a multidisciplinary biobank environment to provide personalised risk stratification for heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Adequate risk stratification may lead to personalised screening, treatment and optimal timing of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. In this article, we describe non-invasive diagnostic techniques used for detection of subclinical disease in relatives of index patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy.

3.
Dis Model Mech ; 2021 Jan 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33431483

RESUMO

The hexanucleotide G4C2 repeat expansion in the first intron of the C9ORF72 gene explains the majority of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. Numerous studies have indicated the toxicity of dipeptide repeats (DPRs) which are produced via repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation from the repeat expansion and accumulate in the brain of C9FTD/ALS patients. Mouse models expressing the human C9ORF72 repeat and/or DPRs show variable pathological, functional, and behavioral characteristics of FTD and ALS. Here, we report a new Tet-on inducible mouse model that expresses 36x pure G4C2 repeats with 100bp upstream and downstream human flanking regions. Brain specific expression causes the formation of sporadic sense DPRs aggregates upon 6 months dox induction but no apparent neurodegeneration. Expression in the rest of the body evokes abundant sense DPRs in multiple organs, leading to weight loss, neuromuscular junction disruption, myopathy, and a locomotor phenotype within the time frame of four weeks. We did not observe any RNA foci or pTDP-43 pathology. Accumulation of DPRs and the myopathy phenotype could be prevented when 36x G4C2 repeat expression was stopped after 1 week. After 2 weeks of expression, the phenotype could not be reversed, even though DPR levels were reduced. In conclusion, expression of 36x pure G4C2 repeats including 100bp human flanking regions is sufficient for RAN translation of sense DPRs and evokes a functional locomotor phenotype. Our inducible mouse model suggests early diagnosis and treatment are important for C9FTD/ALS patients.

4.
Br J Dermatol ; 184(5): 944-951, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32844403

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Clinicopathological and Gene Expression Profile (CP-GEP) model was developed to accurately identify patients with T1-T3 primary cutaneous melanoma at low risk for nodal metastasis. OBJECTIVES: To validate the CP-GEP model in an independent Dutch cohort of patients with melanoma. METHODS: Patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) between 2007 and 2017 at the Erasmus Medical Centre Cancer Institute were eligible. The CP-GEP model combines clinicopathological features (age and Breslow thickness) with the expression of eight target genes involved in melanoma metastasis (ITGB3, PLAT, SERPINE2, GDF15, TGFBR1, LOXL4, CXCL8 and MLANA). Using the pathology result of SLNB as the gold standard, performance measures of the CP-GEP model were calculated, resulting in CP-GEP high risk or low risk for nodal metastasis. RESULTS: In total, 210 patients were included in the study. Most patients presented with T2 (n = 94, 45%) or T3 (n = 70, 33%) melanoma. Of all patients, 27% (n = 56) had a positive SLNB, with nodal metastasis in 0%, 30%, 54% and 16% of patients with T1, T2, T3 and T4 melanoma, respectively. Overall, the CP-GEP model had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 77·9-96.2], with an NPV of 100% (95% CI 72·2-100) in T1, 89·3% (95% CI 72·8-96·3) in T2 and 75·0% (95% CI 30·1-95·4) in T3 melanomas. The CP-GEP indicated high risk in all T4 melanomas. CONCLUSIONS: The CP-GEP model is a noninvasive and validated tool that accurately identified patients with primary cutaneous melanoma at low risk for nodal metastasis. In this validation cohort, the CP-GEP model has shown the potential to reduce SLNB procedures in patients with melanoma.


Assuntos
Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Metástase Linfática/genética , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Biópsia de Linfonodo Sentinela , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Transcriptoma
5.
Neth Heart J ; 27(10): 480-486, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30997596

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Clinical research on arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is typically limited by small patient numbers, retrospective study designs, and inconsistent definitions. AIM: To create a large national ACM patient cohort with a vast amount of uniformly collected high-quality data that is readily available for future research. METHODS: This is a multicentre, longitudinal, observational cohort study that includes (1) patients with a definite ACM diagnosis, (2) at-risk relatives of ACM patients, and (3) ACM-associated mutation carriers. At baseline and every follow-up visit, a medical history as well information regarding (non-)invasive tests is collected (e. g. electrocardiograms, Holter recordings, imaging and electrophysiological studies, pathology reports, etc.). Outcome data include (non-)sustained ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, heart failure, and (cardiac) death. Data are collected on a research electronic data capture (REDCap) platform in which every participating centre has its own restricted data access group, thus empowering local studies while facilitating data sharing. DISCUSSION: The Netherlands ACM Registry is a national observational cohort study of ACM patients and relatives. Prospective and retrospective data are obtained at multiple time points, enabling both cross-sectional and longitudinal research in a hypothesis-generating approach that extends beyond one specific research question. In so doing, this registry aims to (1) increase the scientific knowledge base on disease mechanisms, genetics, and novel diagnostic and treatment strategies of ACM; and (2) provide education for physicians and patients concerning ACM, e. g. through our website ( www.acmregistry.nl ) and patient conferences.

6.
Clin Exp Allergy ; 48(8): 1035-1049, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29752757

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Both subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy (SCIT and SLIT) have been shown to effectively suppress allergic manifestations upon allergen exposure, providing long-term relief from symptoms in allergic disorders including allergic asthma. Clinical studies directly comparing SCIT and SLIT report a different kinetics and magnitude of immunological changes induced during treatment. Comparative studies into the mechanisms underlying immune suppression in SCIT and SLIT are lacking. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish an experimental model for grass pollen (GP) SCIT and SLIT that would allow a head-to-head comparison of the two treatments. METHODS: BALB/c mice were sensitized with GP extract, followed by SCIT and SLIT treatments with various GP dosages. Subsequently, we challenged mice with GP and measured airway responsiveness (AHR), GP-specific immunoglobulins, ear swelling tests (EST), eosinophilic inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and T cell cytokine release after restimulation of lung cells (IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13). RESULTS: We find that SLIT treatment was able to suppress allergen-induced AHR, while allergic inflammation was not effectively suppressed even at the highest GP dose in this model. In contrast, SCIT treatment induced higher levels of GP-specific IgG1, while SLIT was superior in inducing a GP-specific IgG2a response, which was associated with increased Th1 activity in lung tissue after SLIT, but not SCIT treatment. Interestingly, SCIT was able to suppress Th2-type cytokine production in lung cell suspensions, while SLIT failed to do so. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In conclusion, GP-SCIT suppresses Th2 inflammation and induced neutralizing antibodies, while GP-SLIT suppresses the clinically relevant lung function parameters in an asthma mouse model, indicating that the two application routes depend on partially divergent mechanisms of tolerance induction. Interestingly, these data mirror observations in clinical studies, underscoring the translational value of these mouse models.


Assuntos
Alérgenos/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Asma/imunologia , Pólen/imunologia , Células Th2/imunologia , Administração Sublingual , Animais , Especificidade de Anticorpos/imunologia , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/terapia , Biomarcadores , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dessensibilização Imunológica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Injeções Subcutâneas , Camundongos , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Respiratória/terapia , Imunoterapia Sublingual , Células Th2/metabolismo
7.
Genes Brain Behav ; 11(3): 325-31, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22257369

RESUMO

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability. Patients with FXS do not only suffer from cognitive problems, but also from abnormalities/deficits in procedural memory formation. It has been proposed that a lack of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leads to altered long-term plasticity by deregulation of various translational processes at the synapses, and that part of these impairments might be rescued by the inhibition of type I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). We recently developed the Erasmus Ladder, which allows us to test, without any invasive approaches, simultaneously, both procedural memory formation and avoidance behavior during unperturbed and perturbed locomotion in mice. Here, we investigated the impact of a potent and selective mGluR5 inhibitor (Fenobam) on the behavior of Fmr1 KO mice during the Erasmus Ladder task. Fmr1 KO mice showed deficits in associative motor learning as well as avoidance behavior, both of which were rescued by intraperitoneal administration of Fenobam. While the Fmr1 KO mice did benefit from the treatment, control littermates suffered from a significant negative side effect in that their motor learning skills, but not their avoidance behavior, were significantly affected. On the basis of these studies in the FXS animal model, it may be worthwhile to investigate the effects of mGluR inhibitors on both the cognitive functions and procedural skills in FXS patients. However, the use of mGluR inhibitors appears to be strongly contraindicated in healthy controls or non-FXS patients with intellectual disability.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtornos Cognitivos/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/toxicidade , Proteína do X Frágil da Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/tratamento farmacológico , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/genética , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Aprendizagem por Discriminação/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem por Discriminação/fisiologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/complicações , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/psicologia , Imidazóis/toxicidade , Transtornos da Memória/genética , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptor de Glutamato Metabotrópico 5 , Receptores de Glutamato Metabotrópico/fisiologia
8.
Matern Child Health J ; 15(8): 1372-80, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20859760

RESUMO

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) references were used to analyse anthropometric data from the 1999 National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS) of South Africa. Since then, however, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2000 reference and the World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 standards were released. It was anticipated that these reference and standards may lead to differences in the previous estimates of stunting, wasting, underweight and obesity in the study population. The aim was to compare the anthropometric status of children using the 1977 NCHS, the 2000 CDC growth references and the 2006 WHO standards. All children 12-60 months of age with a complete set of anthropometric data were included in the analyses. Data for 1,512 children were analysed with SAS 9.1 for Windows. A Z-score was calculated for each child for weight-for-age (W/A), weight-for-length/height (W/H), length/height-for-age (H/A) and body mass index (BMI)-for-age, using each of the three reference or standards for comparison. The prevalence of stunting, obesity and overweight were significantly higher and the prevalence of underweight and wasting were lower when using the WHO standards compared to the NCHS and the CDC references. The higher than previously established prevalence of stunting at 20.1% and combined overweight/obesity at 30% poses a challenge to South African policy makers to implement nutrition programmes to decrease the prevalence of both stunting and overweight. The 2006 WHO growth standard should be the standard used for assessment of growth of infants and children younger than 5 years in developing countries.


Assuntos
Antropometria , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Padrões de Referência , África do Sul
9.
Vox Sang ; 99(2): 123-30, 2010 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20456723

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As thrombelastography (TEG) measures haemostasis in whole blood, we used this instrument to study whether transfused platelets (PLTs) have the same haemostatic function compared to native circulating PLTs. Further, we studied the effect of storage time on the haemostatic potential of platelet concentrates (PCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the decrease in PLT count after chemotherapy, TEG parameters were measured serially until the transfusion trigger was reached in 92 patients. TEG parameters for different ranges of native circulating PLTs could be assessed, which were compared to ranges obtained in the thrombocytopenic period in which the patient received PLT transfusions. Finally, we compared the haemostatic potential of fresh PCs (1-3 days) with PCs with longer storage time (4-5 days). RESULTS: No differences could be found in haemostatic potential between native PLTs and transfused stored PLTs (all P-values > or = 0.1). The transfusion of fresh PLTs demonstrated better haemostatic effects than longer stored PLTs, measured 1 h after transfusion. Both the time until a fixed level of clot firmness was reached (K-time) and the rate of clot growth (alpha angle) were superior for fresh PCs. CONCLUSION: TEG is able to monitor the haemostatic effects of PLT transfusion, with comparable haemostatic properties of native circulating and transfused stored-PLTs. Further, our data suggest that limited storage time is associated with a better haemostatic capacity. However, before TEG can be applied as a qualitative test in PLT transfusion, further research is needed with focus on clinical outcomes like bleeding episodes.


Assuntos
Plaquetas/fisiologia , Transfusão de Plaquetas/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Plaquetas/citologia , Feminino , Hemostasia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transfusão de Plaquetas/instrumentação , Plaquetoferese , Tromboelastografia/métodos , Adulto Jovem
10.
Neuroscience ; 162(3): 612-23, 2009 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19302832

RESUMO

Elimination of redundant synapses and strengthening of the surviving ones are crucial steps in the development of the nervous system. Both processes can be readily followed at the climbing fiber to Purkinje cell synapse in the cerebellum. Shortly after birth, around five equally strong climbing fiber synapses are established. Subsequently, one of these five synaptic connections starts to grow in size and synaptic strength, while the others degenerate and eventually disappear. Both the elimination of the redundant climbing fiber synapses and the strengthening of the surviving one depend on a combination of a genetically coded blueprint and synaptic activity. Recently, it has been shown that synaptic activity affects the synaptic strength of developing climbing fibers. Remarkably, the same pattern of paired activity of the presynaptic climbing fiber and the postsynaptic Purkinje cell resulted in strengthening of already "large" climbing fibers and weakening of already "weak" climbing fibers. In this review, we will integrate the current knowledge of synaptic plasticity of climbing fibers with that of other processes affecting climbing fiber development.


Assuntos
Cerebelo/citologia , Cerebelo/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fibras Nervosas/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Células de Purkinje/fisiologia , Sinapses/fisiologia , Animais
11.
Neuroscience ; 124(1): 161-71, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14960348

RESUMO

Changes in subunit composition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been reported to be affected by visual experience and may therefore form a major aspect of neuronal plasticity in the CNS during development. In contrast, putative alterations in the expression and functioning of the inhibitory GABAA receptor around eye opening have not been well defined yet. Here we describe the timing of changes in GABAA receptor subunit expression and the related synaptic functioning in the neonatal rat visual cortex and the influence of visual experience on this process. Quantitative analysis of all GABAA receptor subunit transcripts revealed a marked alpha3 to alpha1 subunit switch, in addition to a change in alpha4 and alpha5 expression. The changes were correlated with an acceleration of the decay of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs). Both changes in receptor expression and synaptic functioning were initiated well before eye opening. Moreover, dark rearing could not prevent the robust upregulation of alpha1 or the change in sIPSC kinetics, indicating that this is not dependent of sensory (visual) input. Upon eye opening a positive correlation was observed between a faster decay of the sIPSCs and an increase in sIPSC frequency, which was absent in dark-reared animals. Thus, lack of extrinsic input to the cortex does not affect overall developmental regulation of synaptic functioning of GABAA receptors. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that visual experience is involved in proper shaping of the inhibitory network of the primary visual cortex.


Assuntos
Receptores de GABA-A/fisiologia , Córtex Visual/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Córtex Visual/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Período Crítico Psicológico , Escuridão , Olho , Expressão Gênica , Cinética , Inibição Neural/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Estimulação Luminosa , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de GABA-A/genética
12.
Exp Cell Res ; 245(1): 179-85, 1998 Nov 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9828114

RESUMO

During Dictyostelium development, the differentiation inducing factor (DIF) triggers expression of the prestalk gene ecmB and induces stalk cell differentiation, a form of programmed cell death. The effects of DIF are mediated by a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. The Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor BHQ causes a similar rise in Ca2+ levels and also induces prestalk gene expression. We show here that Ca2+ is a specific intermediate for prestalk gene induction, since BHQ represses transcription of the cAMP-inducible aggregative gene PDE, the postaggregative gene CP2, and the prespore gene D19. The prestalk gene ecmA is also induced by DIF, but induction appears to occur in two steps, which occur within 1 h and after 2 h, respectively. The slow step shows the same kinetics as ecmB induction and similar to ecmB induction, this step is BHQ inducible and requires an initial round of protein synthesis. The fast step does not require protein synthesis and cannot be induced by BHQ. This indicates that in addition to the slow Ca2+-mediated pathway, there is probably a second fast Ca2+-independent signal transduction pathway for DIF.


Assuntos
Dictyostelium/genética , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/genética , Hexanonas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Genes de Protozoários , Ativação Transcricional
13.
J Commun Disord ; 24(1): 40-50, 1991 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2050840

RESUMO

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of different types of sentences and recording methods on naive judges' evaluations of the speech communication effectiveness of four patients who had undergone surgery for oral cancer. As expected, judges understood patients better if they read meaningful rather than meaningless sentences and if their speech was evaluated under video rather than audio conditions. However, these general findings were qualified because of the powerful influence of individual differences among patients. For example, whereas the intelligibility of three of the patients increased under the audio condition if the sentences being read were meaningful, one patient was poorly understood no matter what type of sentence he read under the same condition. The results suggested that the identification of the unique personality characteristics of patients that are related to their intelligibility merits serious consideration by both researchers and rehabilitation clinicians.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Articulação/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Bucais/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Inteligibilidade da Fala , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Leitura Labial , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador
14.
Agents Actions ; 30(1-2): 70-3, 1990 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1695465

RESUMO

The functional properties of enzymically dispersed mast cells from human lung parenchyma, colonic mucosa and colonic submucosa/muscle were compared. In general, the cells responded in a similar fashion to the histamine releasing action of a variety of immunological and non-immunological stimuli. However, some differences were observed in their responses to anti-allergic compounds. In total, these data indicate that there are subtle variations between human colonic and pulmonary mast cells but that these differences are much less sharply defined than in the rodent.


Assuntos
Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/citologia , Pulmão/citologia , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Músculo Liso/citologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Colo/citologia , Cromolina Sódica/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Mucosa Intestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Nedocromil , Quinolonas/farmacologia
15.
Drugs ; 37 Suppl 1: 37-43; discussion 69-77, 1989.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2474428

RESUMO

Nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Tachyphylaxis was observed with both drugs. The 2 compounds were extremely selective in their action, being less active against peritoneal mast cells from the hamster and completely ineffective against mast cells from the mouse. Human basophil leucocytes, tissue mast cells of the guinea-pig and rat intestinal mast cells were also unresponsive. Both drugs inhibited immunological histamine release from human pulmonary mast cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and, less effectively, from lung parenchyma. Nedocromil sodium was about 1 order of magnitude more potent than sodium cromoglycate in each case. Tachyphylaxis was observed with the dispersed lung, but not with the cells obtained by BAL, and the degree of inhibition varied inversely with the magnitude of the secretory response. The possible clinical significance of these observations is discussed.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Cromolina Sódica/farmacologia , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Animais , Cricetinae , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Pulmão/citologia , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mesocricetus , Camundongos , Nedocromil , Nippostrongylus/imunologia , Peritônio/citologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos
16.
Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci ; 11(6): 469-74, 1986 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3545557

RESUMO

This study is a systematic analysis of the literature on psychosocial aspects in head and neck cancer patients. Patients with head and neck cancer experience a variety of physical as well as psychosocial problems. Physical problems include swallowing or chewing, speech and physical appearance. Psychosocial problems include anxiety, depression, loss of self-esteem and uncertainty about the future. Because of these problems, isolation from friends typically occurs, re-employment is difficult, and there are social and sexual tensions within families. Information and support by professionals, partners and/or fellow patients are related to positive rehabilitation outcomes such as the acquisition of speech, increases in constructive social functioning and decreases in depression.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/psicologia , Aconselhamento , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/reabilitação , Humanos , Laringectomia , Masculino , Apoio Social
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