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1.
Mar Biotechnol (NY) ; 12(2): 214-29, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19618242

RESUMO

An experimental microdiet prepared using an internal gelation method was used to partially replace the traditional live feed (Artemia) for larval Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Three trials were conducted with microdiet introduced at 20, 32, and 43 days post first feeding and larvae were sampled at approximately 2, 13, 23, and 33 days after microdiet introduction in each trial. The success of feeding was assessed by morphometrics and histological analysis of gut contents. Microdiet particles were readily consumed after a period of adaptation and provided an adequate source of nutrients with no significant increase in mortality in the microdiet-fed group compared to the control group. However, growth was limited and there was an increased incidence of malpigmentation of the eye and skin. Subtle changes in underlying digestive and developmental physiology were revealed by microarray analysis of RNA from control and experimental fish given microdiet from day 20 post first feeding. Fifty-eight genes were differentially expressed over the four sampling times in the course of the trial and the 28 genes with annotated functions fell into five major categories: metabolism and biosynthesis, cell division and proliferation, protein trafficking, cell structure, and stress. Interestingly, several of these genes were involved in pigmentation and eye development, in agreement with the phenotypic abnormalities seen in the larvae.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal/fisiologia , Dieta , Linguado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Animais , Olho/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Olho/metabolismo , Conteúdo Gastrointestinal , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fígado/citologia , Análise em Microsséries , Microscopia , Pigmentação/genética , Pigmentação/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
2.
Water Res ; 43(17): 4370-80, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19595429

RESUMO

Bacteria fate and transport within constructed wetlands must be understood if engineered wetlands are to become a reliable form of wastewater treatment. This study investigated the relative importance of microbial treatment mechanisms in constructed wetlands treating both domestic and agricultural wastewater. Escherichia coli (E. coli) inactivation, adsorption, and settling rates were measured in the lab within two types of wastewater (dairy wastewater lagoon effluent and domestic septic tank effluent). In situ E. coli inactivation was also measured within a domestic wastewater treatment wetland and the adsorption of E. coli was also measured within the wetland effluent. Inactivation of E. coli appears to be the most significant contributor to E. coli removal within the wastewaters and wetland environments examined in this study. E. coli survived longer within the dairy wastewater (DW) compared to the domestic wastewater treatment wetland water (WW). First order rate constants for E. coli inactivation within the WW in the lab ranged from 0.09 day(-1) (d(-1)) at 7.6 degrees C to 0.18d(-1) at 22.8 degrees C. The average in situ rate constant observed within the domestic wetland ranged from 0.02 d(-1) to 0.03 d(-1) at an average water temperature of 17 degrees C. First order rate constants for E. coli inactivation within the DW ranged from 0.01 d(-1) at 7.7 degrees C to 0.04 d(-1) at 24.6 degrees C. Calculated distribution coefficients (K(d)) were 19,000 mL g(-1), 324,000 mL g(-1), and 293 mL g(-1) for E. coli with domestic septic tank effluent (STE), treated wetland effluent (WLE), and DW, respectively. Approximately 50%, 20%, and 90% of E. coli were "free floating" or associated with particles <5 microm in size within the STE, WLE, and DW respectively. Although 10-50% of E. coli were found to associate with particles >5 microm within both the STE and DW, settling did not appear to contribute to E. coli removal within sedimentation experiments, indicating that the particles the bacteria were associated with had very small settling velocities. The results of this study highlight the importance of wastewater characterization when designing a treatment wetland system for bacterial removal. This study illustrated the level of variability in E. coli removal processes that can be observed within different wastewater, and wetland environments.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Microbiologia da Água , Áreas Alagadas , Adsorção
3.
J Virol ; 78(16): 8446-54, 2004 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15280453

RESUMO

It is essential that preventative vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) elicit balanced T-cell responses. Immune responses dominated by type 2 T cells against RSV antigens are believed to cause exaggerated respiratory tract disease and may also contribute to unwanted inflammation in the airways that predisposes infants to wheeze through adolescence. Here we report on the construction and characterization of recombinant RSV (rRSV) strains with amino acids 151 to 221 or 178 to 219 of the attachment (G) glycoprotein deleted (rA2cpDeltaG150-222 or rA2cpDeltaG177-220, respectively). The central ectodomain was chosen for modification because a peptide spanning amino acids 149 to 200 of G protein has recently been shown to prime several strains of naïve inbred mice for polarized type 2 T-cell responses, and peripheral blood T cells from most human donors recognize epitopes within this region. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that synthesis of nascent rRSV genomes in human lung epithelial cell lines was similar to that for the parent virus (cp-RSV). Plaque assays further indicated that rRSV replication was not sensitive to 37 degrees C, but pinpoint morphology was observed at 39 degrees C. Both rRSV strains replicated in the respiratory tracts of BALB/c mice and elicited serum neutralization and anti-F-protein immunoglobulin G titers that were equivalent to those elicited by cp-RSV and contributed to a 3.9-log(10)-unit reduction in RSV A2 levels 4 days after challenge. Importantly, pulmonary eosinophilia was significantly diminished in BALB/c mice primed with native G protein and challenged with either rA2cpDeltaG150-222 or rA2cpDeltaG177-220. These findings are important for the development of attenuated RSV vaccines.


Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vacinas contra Vírus Sincicial Respiratório , Células Th2/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas , Proteínas Virais , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Linhagem Celular , Chlorocebus aethiops , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Eosinofilia Pulmonar , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vacinas contra Vírus Sincicial Respiratório/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Vírus Sincicial Respiratório/genética , Vacinas contra Vírus Sincicial Respiratório/imunologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/genética , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/imunologia , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/patogenicidade , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Humano/fisiologia , Deleção de Sequência , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Células Vero , Proteínas Virais/genética , Proteínas Virais/imunologia , Replicação Viral
4.
Can J Neurol Sci ; 19(1): 53-6, 1992 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1562907

RESUMO

Discontinuous non-circumferential lesions of tunica media were observed in four cases of traumatic rupture of the vertebral artery. We hypothesize that these lesions were due to mechanical disruption of smooth muscle cells and the liberation of catabolic enzymes with subsequent degradation of the arterial media. To test this hypothesis, healthy vertebral arteries were incubated with crude extracts of bovine smooth muscle cytosol in attempt to reproduce the histological changes of the arterial media in traumatized vertebral arteries. We observed cytosol-induced degradation of tunica media, characterized by pallor of staining with the Masson's Trichrome method, which was due to catabolic enzyme activity that was effectively inhibited by heat inactivation of the cytosol. The cytosol-induced tinctorial changes were similar to the lesions of the tunica media in naturally-occurring cases of traumatic vertebral artery rupture. We conclude that although vertebral arteries can be ruptured by physical distortion alone, associated lesions of the tunica media are due to in situ trauma-associated release of heat-labile catabolic enzymes.


Assuntos
Músculo Liso Vascular/patologia , Artéria Vertebral/lesões , Adulto , Animais , Bovinos , Citosol/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/patologia , Artéria Vertebral/metabolismo , Artéria Vertebral/patologia
6.
J Stud Alcohol ; 41(3): 357-62, 1980 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7374151

RESUMO

Mean MMPI profiles of 40 Indian and 40 White veterans were similar, but "Indianism," as measured by the Indian Culturalization Test, was significantly related to scores on Hs, Hy, Pt and Sc scales. Caution is advised in using the MMPI in the diagnosis of Indians' psychiatric problems.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Indígenas Norte-Americanos/psicologia , MMPI , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , North Dakota , South Dakota
7.
J Stud Alcohol ; 37(7): 965-75, 1976 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-972547

RESUMO

Test results of 98 inpatient alcoholics revealed that improvements in attitudes toward treatment were positively related to gains in some areas of knowledge of alcoholism, but a gain in knowledge was not related to posthospital abstinence.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/reabilitação , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Conscientização , Seguimentos , Hospitalização , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo
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