Cancer de la prostate : Corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason

Objectif : Evaluer la corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason. Patients et méthode : Il s'est agi d'une étude rétrospective où ont été retenus les malades ayant un diagnostic histologique de cancer de la prostate avec score de Gleason et un taux de PSA total initial. Trois groupes de différenciation ont été constitués. Le taux de PSA a été regroupé en six classes : < 10 ng/ml, [10-50 ng/ml], ]50-100 ng/ml], ]100-500 ng/ml], ]500-1000 ng/ml], >1000 ng/ml. Le test de Fisher et un modèle de régression logistique ont permis d'apprécier la corrélation entre le taux de PSA et le score de Gleason. Résultats : Soixante-deux cas ont répondu aux critères d'inclusion. L'âge moyen était de 66 ans (extrêmes 49-80 ans). Dans 83,9% le taux de PSA variait entre 10 et 500 ng/ml. Cinquante virgule cinq pour cent (50,5%) avait un score de Gleason compris entre 8-10. Les taux de PSA variaient entre 3 et 3025 ng/ml avec une médiane à 68,5 ng/ml, une moyenne à 211,37 ng/ml et un écart-type de 474,05 ng/ml. Le taux moyen de PSA était de 42,39 ng/ml pour les cancers bien différenciés, 222,8 ng/ml pour les cancers moyennement différenciés, et 249,09 ng/ml pour les cancers peu différenciés. La probabilité d'avoir un cancer bien différencié diminuait significativement avec l'augmentation du taux de PSA selon un rapport de cotes variant entre 1,46 et 1,82 (p = 0,029). Conclusion : Le taux de PSA pourrait permettre de prédire le grade de différenciation du cancer de la prostate mais pas le score de Gleason. Cette prédiction pourrait être améliorée en tenant compte du stade d'extension du cancer

[Self-amputation of the penis treated immediately: Case report and review of the literature]. / Auto-amputation de verge traitée par réparation d'emblée: à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Self-amputation of the penis treated immediately: case report and review of the literature. Self-amputation of the penis is rare in urological practice. It occurs more often in a context psychotic disease. It can also be secondary to alcohol or drugs abuse. Treatment and care vary according on the severity of the injury, the delay of consultation and the patient's mental state. The authors report a case of self-amputation of the penis in an alcoholic context. The authors analyze the etiological and urological aspects of this trauma.

[The urological complications of pelvic fractures: about 22 cases at the University Hospital, Brazzaville]. / Les complications urologiques des fractures de la ceinture pelvienne : à propos de 22 cas au CHU de Brazzaville.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiology, injury mechanisms and therapeutic aspects of urological complications of fractures of the pelvic girdle. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective study including 22 cases of urological complications of pelvic fractures analyzed between 2003 and 2010 at the University hospital, Brazzaville. Tile classification modified AO was used to understand the mechanisms underlying urological complications. The variables studied were: frequency, age, sex, origin, etiology, type of pelvic fracture, type of urological complications, clinical urological lesions, the therapeutic delay, the therapeutic method, the long-term prognosis. RESULTS: In total, 22 cases (11.40%) of urological complications were collected on 193 pelvic fractures. Men dominated the series with a sex ratio of 4.5, the average age was 33.8 years (12 to 64). Street accidents were the leading cause with 13 cases (59.09%). The urethra was the most affected in 16 cases (72.73%), the membranous portion in 10 cases (45.45%), the bladder in six cases (27.27%). Type A fractures were complicated four bladder lesions, types B, 12 urological lesions (1 bladder and urethra 11) and six type C lesions (1 bladder and urethra 5). Bone lesions were supported functionally in 18 cases (81.82%). Urethral injuries in men were repaired remotely by anastomotic urethroplasty. Urethral injury in females has been repaired urgently delayed. The bladder lesions were repaired by emergency laparotomy and suture of the breach, or urethral catheterization. In monitoring, seven patients had urological sequelae: erectile dysfunction in one case and urethral stenosis in six cases, they have been treated by dilatation (4 cases) and endoscopic internal urethrotomy (2 cases). CONCLUSION: The urological complications of pelvic fractures were rare in our experience, and must be systematically searched. Unstable fractures (types B and C) were the major providers of these complications. Remote processing was possible with good functional results.

[Erectile dysfonction after stroke in Brazzaville]. / Dysfonction érectile après un accident vasculaire cérébral à Brazzaville.

INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction is one of the disability post-stroke the least documented. However, it affects the quality of life, not only the patient but also the couple. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study the characteristics of erectile dysfunction after stroke. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical data collection survey conducted from February to October 2011, having identified, 104 patients for follow-up post-stroke, seen in outpatient Neurology University Hospital of Brazzaville and in the functional rehabilitation centers. Among them 54 had erectile dysfunction. The parameters studied were: age, marital status, history, vascular risk factors, and the location of the hemiplegic, the etiology of stroke, modified Rankin score and NIHSS. The clinical features and laboratory, the international index of erectile dysfunction (IIEF-5) in its French version. SPSS 12 was used for recording and statistical analysis of data. Chi(2) test was used for comparisons. The significance level was P≤0.05. RESULTS: The frequency of erectile dysfunction after stroke was 51.92%, the average age was 56.32 years. The mean time to onset of erectile dysfunction after stroke was 5 months. The onset was progressive in 70,4%. The hypercholesterolemia was well correlated with the risk of erectile dysfunction (P=0.007) and its severity (P=0,01). Erectile dysfonction was moderate in 61.1% and almost bearable in half the cases. CONCLUSION: Erectile dysfunction post-stroke is common with an impact in the lives of the couple. High cholesterol is an independent risk factor of occurrence of post-stroke.

[Stones associated with vesicovaginal fistulas]. / Fistules vésicovaginales avec calculs enclavés.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features and treatment of a large stone associated with vesicovaginal fistula and analyze the contributing factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2000 to July 2011, seven patients were operated on for a large stone wedged in the vesicovaginal at the Urology Andrology department of the University Hospital of Brazzaville. For each case, the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic aspects were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven of 89 patients operated on for vesicovaginal in 10 years had a large stone. The age of patients ranged from 35 to 63 years with an average of 44 years. The age of the fistula ranged from 3 to 33 years. History were six caesarean sections and one obstructed labor. The urine culture performed in six patients had identified both Escherichia Coli, five times, and Proteus mirabilis, one time. The calculus was extracted five times by the bladder and two times vaginally. The dimensions of the calculi ranged from 3 to 7 cm of large diameter. The suture concomitant fistula was performed with four cures and three failures cured by a second course. CONCLUSION: Vesicovaginal fistulas may be complicated by calculus. The contributing factors are foreign bodies and infection.

[Urological complications of gynecologic surgery]. / Les complications urologiques de la chirurgie gynécologique.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological, anatomoclinical, surgical and evolutionary aspects of the urological complications of gynecological surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: It was about a retrospective survey, concerning 81 patients hospitalized in the department of urology of the university hospital, Brazzaville from 2000 to 2008 for urological complications of the gynecological surgery. The epidemiological, diagnostic, surgical and evolutionary parameters have been analyzed. RESULTS: The urological complication of the gynecological surgery has been recovered in 3% of patients hospitalized in urology. The middle age was 37±14.52 years (17 and 74 years). The median was about 36 years. The middle delay of diagnosis was 15 days (0 and 350 days). The revealing clinical signs were: the oligoanuria (n=12), the urinary incontinence (n=57), the lumbar pain (n=9) and the cyclic hematuria (n=2). The surgical interventions in reason were: the Caesarean (n=50), the hysterectomy for fibroma (n=26), the myomectomy (n=3) and the hysterectomy for cancer (n=2). Anatomical lesion were 55 (67.9%) vesicovaginal fistulas, 12 (14.8%) ureteral ligatures, eight (10%) uretero-vaginal fistulas, three (3.7%) vesico-uterine fistulas, two (2.4%) wounds ureteral and one (1.2%) vaginal vesico-fistulas and uretero-vaginal fistulas. The treatment consisted in one termino-terminal ureterorraphia, 20 uretero-vesical reimplantation, 57 cures of vesico-vaginal fistulas and one nephrectomy. The recovery was obtained at 96% of the ureteral lesions and 90% of the vesico-vaginal fistulas. CONCLUSION: The lesions of the ureteral and the bladder were often met during the gynecological surgery. The treatment requires knowledge of the anatomy of pelvis.

[Urogenital fistulas: etiopathogenic and therapeutic aspects at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville]. / Les fistules urogenitales: aspects ethiopathogeniques et therapeutiques au CHU du Brazzaville.

INTRODUCTION: The urogenital fistulas continue to be a dangerous complication of the childbirths dystociques in Africa and especially to Congo. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the étiopathogénic and therapeutic aspects of the urogenital fistulas in order to suggest preventive measures. SICK AND METHODS: It is about a retrospective survey achieved in the service of urology of the univertery hospital center of Brazzaville of January 2001 to December 2005 concerning 34 patients hospitalized for urogenital fistulas. The étiopathogéniques and therapeutic aspects have been analyzed. RESULTS: The urogenital fistulas represent about 2,7% of the hospitalizations in urology. The middle age is of 31 years (17 - 65 years). 28 (82%) are of obstetric origin with 11 Caesareans and 17 childbirths dystociques. 6 are especially of surgical origin after hysterectomy. 28 patients have been operated among which 2 have been taken. The different surgical techniques were the following: 20 ways transvésicales, 3 Chassar Moirs, 2 LEGUEU, 3 Martius and 2 vaginal ways with Picot Couvelaire. The anatomical shapes were: 29 fistulas vésicovaginales, 1 vésico uterine, 3 vesico vaginorectal and 1 urétérovaginale. After surgery, we got 25 anatomical closings of which 1 with incontinence. 3 recidivisms have been observed: 2 have been reoperate of which 1 success and 1 failure. The 3rd being lost of view. To the total we got 25 successes (89,2%). CONCLUSION: The urogenital fistulas remain frequent with a predominance of the obstetric reasons. The recidivisms are possible from where the necessity of a mastery of the surgical techniques.

Le cancer du rein de l'adulte : 25 observations

Objectifs : analyser les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, para cliniques, anatomopathologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs des cancers du rein pris en charge dans le service d'urologie - andrologie du CHU de Brazzaville. Matériel et méthodes : étude rétrospective de 25 tumeurs malignes du rein, colligées durant une période de 9 ans (2000-2008). Le diagnostic était retenu sur des arguments cliniques, radiologiques et anatomopathologiques. Les aspects épidémiologiques, cliniques, para cliniques, anatomopathologiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs ont été analysés. Résultats : Le cancer du rein a représenté 0,01% des hospitalisations. L'âge moyen des patients était de 47,6 ans, (extrêmes 19 et 80 ans). Il s'agissait de 16 hommes et 9 femmes. La douleur lombaire était présente chez 8 patients. La triade clinique lombalgie-hématurie-masse palpable était présente chez 3 patients. L'échographie a permis d'évoquer le diagnostic dans tous les cas et la TDM dans 10 cas. Le traitement a consisté en une néphrectomie élargie (n=9), une néphrectomie élargie associée à une chimiothérapie (n=3), et une néphrectomie élargie associé à une chimio-immunothérapie (n=1). L'abstention thérapeutique a été décidée dans 12 cas du fait d'un stade avancé de la tumeur. L'adénocarcinome à cellules claires était la forme histologique la plus fréquente. La rémission a été complète chez 3 patients.Conclusion : Le cancer du rein de la l'adulte est rare dans notre contexte. Le diagnostic est souvent tardif, justifiant ainsi l'abstention thérapeutique dans beaucoup de cas. Le pronostic reste mauvais

[Open surgery of the urinary tract calculi at the university hospital of Brazzaville: analysis of 68 cases]. / Chirurgie a Ciel Ouvert de la Lithiase Urinaire au CHU de Brazzaville : Analyse de 68 Cas.

AIMS: To report epidemiological, clinical, and outcome of surgical therapeutic aspect of urinary calculi in our department. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This survey, retrospective, has been achieved from june 2000 to may 2004. It concerned 68 patients carriers of the urinary calculi, confirmed radiologically and operated. RESULTS: The patients carriers of the urinary calculi represented 7,3%. There was 52 men (76,47%) an 16 women (23,53%).The average age of the patient was 52,13 years (extreme : 14 et 82 years). Symptoms at the diagnostic was : atypical abdominal pen (n=18), dysuria (n=15), hematuria (n=15), la pollakiuria (n=9), nephretic colic (n=15), urinary retention (n=26). The location of urinary calculi was vesical (n=47), renal (n=8), pyelic (n=12), ureteral (n=1). All our patients was operated. The operative continuations one summer simple in 58 cases, and complicate of pariatal suppuration in 7 cases. Mortality was of 3 cases. CONCLUSION: The urinary lithiasis is little frequent. The open surgery is the only surgical technique that is practiced in our context.

Les cancers de la prostate avant l'age de 50 ans

Notre objectif a ete d'analyser des facteurs epidemiologiques; diagnostiques et evolutifs du cancer de la prostate chez le sujet de moins de 50 ans. Ce travail a ete fait de maniere retrospective a partir de sis dossiers du Service; rassembles entre 1998 et 2007. Deux patients avaient 48 ans et quatre 49. Certains antecedents particuliers ont ete notes / hypercholesterolemie; hypertension arterielle; cancer de la prostate chez un frere et androgenotherapie prolonge pour infertilite. Deux des six patients ont diagnostiques lors d'un depistage tandis que quatre avaient presente des signes cliniques. Le toucher rectal a fait suspecter le diagnostic chez quatre patients. Le PSA variait de 8 a 170ng/ml. Tous stadifies T1 N0 M0 avaient beneficie d'une prostatectomie radicale alors que les quatre T3 Nx M1 ont ete traites par hormonotherapie. Les deux patients operes sont cliniquement stables alors que les quatre autres ont une maladie evolutive avec deux deces

Les traumatismes des bourses

Objectif: Evaluer les caracteristiques epidemiologiques; cliniques; paracliniques et therapeutiques des traumatismes des bourses dans le service d'urologie - andrologie du CHU de Brazzaville Patients et methodes: Etude retrospective portant sur 18 patients hospitalises pour un traumatisme des bourses entre janvier 1990 et decembre 2006. Les parametres analyses ont ete: la frequence; l'age; les etiologies; le motif et delai de consultation; les resultats de l'examen clinique; les donnees echographiques; le protocole de traitement adopte et l'evolution. Resultats: Les traumatismes des bourses representaient 0;4des hospitalisations au CHU de Brazzaville. L'age moyen des patients etait de 34;6 ans (extremes 9 et 64 ans). Les traumatismes par accident de la voie publique (8 cas) et ceux du travail (5 cas) etaient les principales causes. Le delai moyen de consultation etait de 3 jours pour les traumatismes fermes (12 cas) et une heure pour les traumatismes ouverts (6 cas). Le principal motif de consultation etait la douleur scrotale (n=10). L'echographie realisee chez 8 patients a mis en evidence: 4 cas de rupture de l'albuginee; 2 cas d'hematomes intra testiculaires et 2 cas d'hematocele. Le traitement a ete medical dans 6 et chirurgical dans 12 cas. Les interventions ont consiste en la resection de la pulpe exteriorisee et suture de l'albuginee (n=4); une orchidopexie (n=1); une orchidectomie (n=3); une evacuation d'un hematocele (n=2) et un drainage d'un hematome testiculaire (n=2). A long terme; des douleurs testiculaires residuelles ont ete observees chez 3 patients; une ligoasthenozoospermie chez 3 patients; une atrophie testiculaire chez 2 patients et un cas de dysfonction erectile. Conclusion: Une exploration chirurgicale doit etre realisee en cas d'hematocele. L'echographie; entre des mains entrainees; peut faire le diagnostic de rupture de l'albuginee testiculaire cependantcet examen ne doit pas retarder la prise en charge au bloc operatoire

[Scrotal elephantiasis: about seven operated cases]. / L'éléphantiasis scrotal: à propos de sept cas opérés.

The authors report seven cases of scrotal elephantiasis operated on nine years in the urology department of a filarial endemic zone. Patients wait for a long time before consulting for big scrotum reaching eventually 15 kg. The final arguments for the filarial origin haven't been found whereas arguments of presumption exist The surgical treatment has enabled to get an aesthetic satisfying result, sometimes after a second cure.

Diagnostic du cancer du rein de l'adulte

Une etude retrospective sur 8 ans a permis de colliger 14 cas de cancer du rein dans le service d'urologie du CHU de Brazzaville. Cette pathologie represente 0;78 pour cent des hospitalisations. L'age moyen des patients est de 53 ans. Les signes revelateurs classiques a savoir l'hematurie; la masse du flanc et les douleurs lombo-abdominales ont ete retrouvees chez 85 pour cent des patients. Cet age semble plus jeune en Afrique; comme au Maroc [3] et dans notre serie. Le diagnostic a ete surtout echographique et pose chez 50 pour cent des patients au stade metastatique. Le taux de survie a 3 ans a ete de 25 pour cent au stade IV

[Retrospective study of 34 urogenital fistulas of obstetricalal origin]. / Etude rétrospective de 34 fistules uro-génitales d'origine obstétricale.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the etiologic and epidemiological aspects of the obstetrical uro-genital fistulas in Congo in order to propose a strategy of prevention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective study concerning 34 files of obstetrical uro-genital fistulas selected within 7 years in the department of Urology of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. The etiopathogenic, anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects have been analysed for each file. RESULTS: The uro-genital fistula represents 23% of the female admissions in urology and 85% of them are related to obstetrical causes. Fifty-five percent of the patients were less than 30 years old, most of them being primiparas. Sixty-one percent of the patients came from rural areas. The prolonged time of the delivering labour and the foetal extraction manoeuvres were the main mechanisms causing the fistulas. With the surgical therapy, 77% of the abnormalities have been treated. CONCLUSION: In spite of progress made in the realm of surgical techniques, the best treatment for uro-genital fistulas remains their prevention as targeted on the education for health and the management of pregnant women. Besides, the development of the infrastructure of health and roads, the training and reeducation of the health personnel contribute to improve this management.

A study of beta 2-microglobulin skin deposits in dialyzed patients and healthy controls.

This study reports on beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) deposits in the skin of 12 uremic patients and three kidney transplant recipients compared with eight healthy controls. Uremic patients were treated by hemodialysis (HD), hemofiltration (HF), hemodiafiltration (HDF), or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) for a period lasting from 1 to 19 years. Congo red staining of the skin was negative in patients and controls. However, immunofluorescent staining with an anti-beta 2-microglobulin monoclonal antibody was positive in the skin of all patients and of six of the eight controls. Beta 2M skin deposition is more intense in patients than in controls and increases with patient age and the duration of dialysis. A stron correlation is observed between the extent of skin beta 2M deposits and clinical manifestations due to beta 2M deposits in internal organs. However, no correlation is found between beta 2M skin deposits and sex or beta 2M serum levels.