Examination of biofilm formation and risk of infection associated with the use of urinary catheters with leg bags.

Urinary catheters and legs bags were simultaneously colonized by Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris using a model urinary drainage system. the system was continuously supplied with filter-sterilized artificial urine using a diurnal flow pattern. The extent of colonization was determined by assessment of both planktonic and biofilm formation over time. Contamination of the catheters resulted in rapid colonization of the whole system within a 24 h period. Contamination of the leg bags resulted in an ascending biofilm formation over a four-day period. Results indicated that infection risk could be minimized by changing the catheter and leg bags at least once a week. The design of the leg bags was not found to influence the rate or extent of biofilm formation.

A comparison of aerosol and intragastric routes of infection with Listeria spp.

Aerosol infection (AI) of Porton outbred mice with Listeria species, exhibiting varying degrees of virulence, was compared with gastric intubation (GI) on the basis of numbers of deaths, 50% lethal dose (LD50) and pattern of listerial infection. The AI route appeared to be more sensitive, efficient and consistent than GI in that it required 10(5) fewer micro-organisms to obtain infection and death then ensued within 4 days, with GI deaths usually occurring on day 7. All the virulent strains tested caused 100% mortality by AI, while virulent and avirulent strains were indistinguishable by GI. Bacterial counts in the livers and spleens of infected mice were consistent with the relative virulence of the infectious agent using AI but not in GI mice. There were higher numbers of micro-organisms and more widespread lesions in the organs of AI mice than in GI. Results indicate that AI is an accurate in vivo indicator of virulence in listeria and using AI, bacterial counts in the liver and spleen could replace LD50 tests, thereby reducing the number of animals required for in vivo virulence testing.