RESUMO
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to characterize the beta-globin cluster in Norwegian dairy goats. In 122 individuals, different RFLP patterns were detected after BglII and PstI digestion and hybridization with a caprine beta-globin probe. The location of the polymorphic BglII and PstI sites were determined. The different RFLPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the beta-globin locus as studied at the protein level. A preferential association between certain RFLP haplotypes and beta-globin variants was observed. Polymorphic DNA fragments in the epsilon-globin genes were detected after MspI digestion and hybridization with a caprine epsilon-probe, and eight different band patterns were observed. Correlation between different MspI haplotypes and the beta-globin variants was determined.
Assuntos
Globinas/genética , Cabras/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Família Multigênica , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Alelos , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Southern Blotting , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Indústria de Laticínios/classificação , Variação Genética/genética , Desequilíbrio de Ligação/genética , Família Multigênica/genética , Noruega , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Mapeamento por RestriçãoRESUMO
Linkage studies on seven erythrocyte antigen loci, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the haemoglobin beta gene cluster (HBB) were performed in 48 Norwegian goat families. Close linkage was excluded between the erythrocyte antigen B-system and the MHC, between the erythrocyte antigen N7 locus and HBB, and between the MHC and the HBB.
Assuntos
Antígenos/genética , Eritrócitos/imunologia , Ligação Genética , Cabras/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Família Multigênica , Animais , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Recombinação GenéticaRESUMO
Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis has been used to characterize the beta-globin cluster in Norwegian dairy goats. Several polymorphic Taq I restriction sites were identified by double digestions with Bam HI, Hind III, and Eco RI, and restriction maps of the different beta C, beta A and beta F alleles were established. Allelic association between the previously established beta-globin types at the protein level and specific Taq I alleles was found. Furthermore, a preferential association between certain RFLP haplotypes and beta-globin types was observed.
Assuntos
Globinas/genética , Cabras/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Alelos , Animais , Sondas de DNA , Frequência do Gene , Genes , Cabras/sangue , Família Multigênica , Noruega , PseudogenesRESUMO
A silent allele in the transferrin locus (Tf) was observed in a Thoroughbred mare and in five of her offspring from three different matings. Evidence for the silent allele was obtained by quantitative immunodiffusion studies.
Assuntos
Alelos , Cavalos/genética , Transferrina/genética , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Transferrina/análiseRESUMO
Plasma samples from 114 arctic foxes and 40 silver foxes have been investigated by use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. At pH ranges 4-6.5 and 4.2-4.9 and after specific staining, arylesterase (AArE) appeared as polymorphic band patterns. These could be explained by three codominant alleles in arctic foxes and two codominant alleles in silver foxes. Segregation figures in families agreed with the genetic theory.
Assuntos
Esterases/genética , Raposas/genética , Alelos , Animais , Eletroforese das Proteínas Sanguíneas , Esterases/sangue , Raposas/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
By the use of the Immobiline technique at pH ranges 7.0-7.6 and 6.9-7.9, 16 different hemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in 61 English Saanen goats. They are explained in this breed by a genetic theory of five beta-globin genes (A4, A6, A8, E, and D) and two closely linked alpha-globin loci ('alpha and "alpha) of which the "alpha has a variant allele, provisionally called "alpha X. Family data together with observed and expected Hb frequencies were in agreement with the genetic theory. Among six Barbary sheep there were three Hb phenotypes explained by the occurrence of the beta-chain alleles B and Cna.
Assuntos
Cabras/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , Ovinos/genética , Alelos , Animais , Variação Genética , Globinas/genética , Fenótipo , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
By the use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and the Immobiline method at pH range 7.1-7.7, three haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were observed in Norwegian Red Cattle. Two one-band phenotypes named HbA4 and HbA6 occurred in unequal proportions in their two-band combination type with the cathodal HbA6 being the stronger. In 76 dam-offspring pairs the distribution of phenotypes were in agreement with codominant single gene inheritance. In an unselected material of 140 animals, gene frequencies were HbA4 = 0.94 and HbA6 = 0.06.
Assuntos
Bovinos/genética , Hemoglobina A/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Animais , FenótipoAssuntos
Hemoglobinas/análise , Ovinos/sangue , Animais , Genes , Hemoglobinas/genética , Noruega , Fenótipo , Ovinos/genéticaRESUMO
By the use of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels serum samples from 146 Alaskan wolves were studied with regard to transferrin (Tf) and esterase (ArE) polymorphism, comparing the phenotypic band patterns with those of selected Norwegian dogs. The study revealed Tf and ArE polymorphisms in the wolf with phenotypic band patterns being indistinguishable from the corresponding ones in dogs. This suggests the occurrence of the same two common Tf alleles in the wolf as in the dog. In the ArE system the results are consistent with the occurrence of three alleles which also occur in dogs whereas a fourth allele, so far not seen in dogs, is seen in Alaskan wolves.
Assuntos
Carnívoros/genética , Esterases/genética , Transferrina/genética , Alaska , Animais , Cães/genética , Esterases/sangue , Fenótipo , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
The expression of haemoglobin (Hb) has been studied in 260 Norwegian Dairy goats by the Immobiline technique at pH ranges 6.7-7.7, 6.9-7.6 and 6.9-7.5. The majority of goats exhibited two- or four-band patterns. In two-band types the average ratio between the anodal and cathodal band was 74:26. PAGE with 8M urea distinguished three phenotypes for the beta chains, proving that the Hb variation described is in the beta chain. Segregation data in 106 complete sire-dam-offspring families agreed with the existence of four beta globin alleles--A2, A4, A6 and A8. Twenty-seven animals had reversed ratios (R) of Hb bands. In two-band phenotypes the average ratio was 36:64. In 15 complete families where one of the parents had reversed ratio, eight offspring received the R type, indicating a simple genetic control. After urea PAGE the R animals all showed the same alpha chain phenotype which differed from that of goats having common ratios of bands. An additional polymorphism appeared in nine animals as three- and five-band patterns which is assumed to be the result of heterozygosity for II alpha and for II alpha and beta globin genes respectively.
Assuntos
Cabras/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , Animais , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Feminino , Hemoglobinas/isolamento & purificação , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Masculino , FenótipoRESUMO
A total of 150 blood samples tested for serum albumin and transferrin and for red cell carbonic anhydrase, phosphoglucomutase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, nucleoside phosphorylase, acid phosphatase, 'X'-protein and potassium concentration only showed variation at the 'X' protein and nucleoside phosphorylase loci. Isoelectric focusing over pH range 6-8 showed 145 samples to be of haemoglobin type A and 5 type AD. The haemoglobin A type was resolved into further types by separation over pH 6.9-7.5 in Immobiline polyacrylamide gels. A 2- or 4-band pattern was present in 136 of the samples; a genetic hypothesis based on four or more different haemoglobin A variants is proposed. 14 samples had a 3-, 5- or 6-band pattern. It is assumed that these are heterozygous for a variant of the II alpha gene.
Assuntos
Globinas/genética , Cabras/genética , Animais , Marcadores Genéticos , Focalização Isoelétrica , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
The equine alpha globin gene complex comprises two functional alpha genes and an alpha-like pseudogene arranged in the order 5'-alpha 2-(5kb)-alpha 1-(3kb)-psi alpha-3'. A single (embryonic) zeta-like sequence lies within a 12 kb region 5' to the alpha 2 gene. We have determined the sequence of the alpha 1 gene of the BII haplotype, one of two most common haplotypes (the other being BI) which encode alpha globins with either Tyr (BI) or Phe (BII) at codon 24 in both linked alpha genes. In BI and BII the non-allelic alpha 2 and alpha 1 genes respectively code for Gln or Lys at codon 60, thus accounting for the 4 alpha globin types seen in BI/BII heterozygotes. Genomic restriction enzyme maps of the BII alpha complex (24Phe/60Lys,Gln) and the allelic BI (24Tyr/60Lys,Gln) are identical to each other, and to those of a rarer normal haplotype, A, which encodes only alpha 24Tyr/60Gln globin, and a low expression mutant of BII which encodes only 24Phe/60Lys globin. These two latter haplotypes must therefore have a linked pair of alpha genes, as in BI and BII, but with identical coding properties, and it is suggested that this has arisen by gene conversion.
