Sepsis urinaria tras tratamiento endourológico de la litiasis por ureterorrenoscopia / Urinary sepsis after endourological ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of lithiasis

Objetivo: Evaluar la incidencia, presentación clínica y factores asociados al desarrollo de sepsis urinaria tras la realización de una ureterorrenoscopia. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de los pacientes intervenidos mediante ureterorrenoscopia para el tratamiento de la litiasis entre julio de 2015 y octubre de 2017. Se identificaron aquellos pacientes que desarrollaron sepsis urinaria en los primeros 30 días tras la intervención. Se recogieron antecedentes personales, clínicos, quirúrgicos y microbiológicos. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante chi2 (o test exacto de Fisher), t de Student (o U de Mann-Whitney) o regresión logística según procediese. Resultados: Se realizaron 246 ureterorrenoscopias, 184 (74,8%) sobre litiasis ureterales y 62 (25,2%) sobre litiasis renales, con una edad media de 52 (44,5-59,5) años. Tras el procedimiento, 18 (7,3%) pacientes desarrollaron sepsis urinaria, 10 de ellos (55,5%) en las primeras 24h. El urocultivo mostró enterobacterias (61,1%) y enterococos (38,9%). El antibiograma mostró mayor sensibilidad a nitrofurantoínas (100%) y a quinolonas (72%). El análisis estadístico mostró que el sexo femenino, el inicio clínico de la litiasis en forma de sepsis urinaria, haber recibido antibiótico o haber precisado derivación urinaria mediante doble J en el inicio, el urocultivo prequirúrgico positivo y la persistencia de restos litiásicos tras la cirugía se asociaron de forma significativa (p<0,05) al desarrollo de sepsis urinaria tras la ureterorrenoscopia. Conclusión: La sepsis urinaria es una complicación que aparece tras la realización de una ureterorrenoscopia, especialmente en pacientes de sexo femenino, con antecedente de sepsis urinaria, antibioterapia, doble J, urocultivo previo positivo o presencia de restos litiásicos tras el procedimiento

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation and factors associated with the development of urinary sepsis after performing ureterorenoscopy. Material and methods: Retrospective study of patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of lithiasis between July 2015 and October 2017. Patients who developed urinary sepsis during the 30 days following the intervention were identified. Personal, clinical, surgical and microbiological backgrounds were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi squared test (or Fisher's exact test), Student's t (or U Mann-Whitney) or logistic regression as appropriate. Results: 246 ureterorenoscopies were performed, 184 (74.8%) on ureteral stones and 62 (25.2%) on kidney stones, with a mean age of 52 (44.5-59.5) years. After procedure, 18 (7.3%) patients developed urinary sepsis, 10 of them (55.5%) occurred in the first 24h. The urine culture showed enterobacteria (61.1%) and enterococci (38.9%). The antibiogram showed greater sensitivity to nitrofurantoins (100%) and quinolones (72%). The statistical analysis showed that female sex, the clinical debut of urolithiasis as urinary sepsis, having received antibiotic or having required urinary diversion by a double J during debut, positive presurgical uroculture and the persistence of residual lithiasis after surgery were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the development of urinary sepsis after ureterorenoscopy. Conclusion: Urinary sepsis is a complication that appears after performing ureterorenoscopy, especially in female patients with a history of urinary sepsis, antibiotic therapy, double J, previous positive urine culture or residual lithiasis after the procedure

Urinary sepsis after endourological ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of lithiasis. / Sepsis urinaria tras tratamiento endourológico de la litiasis por ureterorrenoscopia.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation and factors associated with the development of urinary sepsis after performing ureterorenoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of patients undergoing ureterorenoscopy for the treatment of lithiasis between July 2015 and October 2017. Patients who developed urinary sepsis during the 30 days following the intervention were identified. Personal, clinical, surgical and microbiological backgrounds were collected. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi squared test (or Fisher's exact test), Student's t (or U Mann-Whitney) or logistic regression as appropriate. RESULTS: 246 ureterorenoscopies were performed, 184 (74.8%) on ureteral stones and 62 (25.2%) on kidney stones, with a mean age of 52 (44.5-59.5) years. After procedure, 18 (7.3%) patients developed urinary sepsis, 10 of them (55.5%) occurred in the first 24h. The urine culture showed enterobacteria (61.1%) and enterococci (38.9%). The antibiogram showed greater sensitivity to nitrofurantoins (100%) and quinolones (72%). The statistical analysis showed that female sex, the clinical debut of urolithiasis as urinary sepsis, having received antibiotic or having required urinary diversion by a double J during debut, positive presurgical uroculture and the persistence of residual lithiasis after surgery were significantly associated (P<.05) with the development of urinary sepsis after ureterorenoscopy. CONCLUSION: Urinary sepsis is a complication that appears after performing ureterorenoscopy, especially in female patients with a history of urinary sepsis, antibiotic therapy, double J, previous positive urine culture or residual lithiasis after the procedure.

Crioterapia frente a high intensity focused ultrasound en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata: resultados oncológicos y funcionales / Cryotherapy versus high-intensity focused ultrasound for treating prostate cancer: Oncological and functional results

Contexto y objetivo: El diagnóstico cada vez más precoz del cáncer de próstata obliga a buscar alternativas terapéuticas con buenos resultados oncológicos, que a su vez faciliten una buena calidad de vida a largo plazo. La presente revisión analiza los resultados de 2 terapias mínimamente invasivas en el tratamiento del cáncer localizado de próstata en cuanto a resultados oncológicos y funcionales, así como las complicaciones derivadas de los mismos. Adquisición de la evidencia: Revisión sistemática de la literatura referida al tratamiento del cáncer localizado de próstata con 2 técnicas ablativas como terapia primaria: la criocirugía o crioterapia y el high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Se incluyen pacientes con procedimientos que incluían la totalidad de la glándula, con hemiablación o con terapia focal e indicados en cáncer de próstata de bajo riesgo o riesgo intermedio según criterios D'Amico. Se excluyen pacientes con cáncer de próstata de alto riesgo, o aquellos que hayan recibido cualquier tratamiento previo para el cáncer de próstata. Síntesis de la evidencia: Tras la búsqueda y exclusión de estudios que no cumplían los criterios del protocolo, se revisan un total de 14 estudios, con un total de 350 pacientes tratados mediante crioterapia, y un total de 1.107 pacientes tratados con HIFU. En todos los casos se trataron de estudios prospectivos o retrospectivos, no aleatorizados. La edad media de los pacientes fue de menos de 75 años. En global la tasa de recidiva anatomopatológica en los pacientes tratados con crioterapia oscila entre el 13,2% y el 26%, mientras que en el HIFU oscilan entre el 7,3% y el 67,9%. La continencia global mostrada fue de un 97,6-100% en el caso de la crioterapia, y un 96-100% en el HIFU a los 12 meses. Respecto a las tasas de potencia sexual la crioterapia muestra una potencia completa del 86-100% a los 12 meses en pacientes tratados con crioterapia focal, y algo menores en la hemiablación (76,9-100%) y en la terapia total (39%). El HIFU reporta tasas de potencia del 89% 52-80% y 33-78% en terapia focal, hemiablación y terapia total respectivamente. Conclusiones: Ambas técnicas presentan unos resultados funcionales equiparables, si bien los resultados oncológicos algo más pobres en el HIFU son reflejo de una curva de aprendizaje más complicada, que puede abocar su uso a centros con alto volumen de pacientes

Context and objective: The increasingly early diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a search for therapeutic alternatives with good oncological results that in turn facilitate a good long-term quality of life. This review analyses 2 minimally invasive therapies for treating localised prostate cancer in terms of oncological and functional results, as well as the complications resulting from the therapies. Acquisition of evidence: A systematic literature review was conducted of the treatment of localised prostate cancer with 2 ablative techniques as the primary therapy: cryosurgery or cryotherapy and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). We included patients who underwent procedures that included the entire gland, with hemiablation or focal therapy, which were indicated for low to intermediate-risk prostate cancer according to the D’Amico criteria. We excluded patients with high-risk prostate cancer and those who underwent any prior treatment for prostate cancer. Synthesis of the evidence: After conducting the literature search and excluding the studies that did not meet the protocol criteria, we reviewed a total of 14 studies, with a total of 350 patients treated using cryotherapy and 1107 treated with HIFU. All studies were either prospective or retrospective and were not randomised. The patients' mean age was younger than 75 years. Overall, the rate of disease recurrence in the patients treated with cryotherapy varied between 13.2% and 26%, while the rate for those treated with HIFU varied between 7.3% and 67.9%. The overall demonstrated continence at 12 months was 97.6-100% for cryotherapy and 96-100% for HIFU. In terms of sexual potency rates, cryotherapy showed complete potency at 12 months for 86-100% of the patients treated with focal cryotherapy and slightly lower rates for hemiablation (76.9-100%) and total therapy (39%). HIFU showed potency rates of 89%, 52-80% and 33-78% for focal therapy, hemiablation and total therapy, respectively. Conclusions: Both techniques have comparable functional results, although the somewhat poorer oncological results for HIFU reflect a steeper learning curve, which could lead to its use in centres with high volumes of patients

Cryotherapy versus high-intensity focused ultrasound for treating prostate cancer: Oncological and functional results. / Crioterapia frente a high intensity focused ultrasound en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata: resultados oncológicos y funcionales.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The increasingly early diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a search for therapeutic alternatives with good oncological results that in turn facilitate a good long-term quality of life. This review analyses 2 minimally invasive therapies for treating localised prostate cancer in terms of oncological and functional results, as well as the complications resulting from the therapies. ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE: A systematic literature review was conducted of the treatment of localised prostate cancer with 2 ablative techniques as the primary therapy: cryosurgery or cryotherapy and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). We included patients who underwent procedures that included the entire gland, with hemiablation or focal therapy, which were indicated for low to intermediate-risk prostate cancer according to the D'Amico criteria. We excluded patients with high-risk prostate cancer and those who underwent any prior treatment for prostate cancer. SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE: After conducting the literature search and excluding the studies that did not meet the protocol criteria, we reviewed a total of 14 studies, with a total of 350 patients treated using cryotherapy and 1107 treated with HIFU. All studies were either prospective or retrospective and were not randomised. The patients' mean age was younger than 75 years. Overall, the rate of disease recurrence in the patients treated with cryotherapy varied between 13.2% and 26%, while the rate for those treated with HIFU varied between 7.3% and 67.9%. The overall demonstrated continence at 12 months was 97.6-100% for cryotherapy and 96-100% for HIFU. In terms of sexual potency rates, cryotherapy showed complete potency at 12 months for 86-100% of the patients treated with focal cryotherapy and slightly lower rates for hemiablation (76.9-100%) and total therapy (39%). HIFU showed potency rates of 89%, 52-80% and 33-78% for focal therapy, hemiablation and total therapy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both techniques have comparable functional results, although the somewhat poorer oncological results for HIFU reflect a steeper learning curve, which could lead to its use in centres with high volumes of patients.