[The organization of instrumental food-procuring movements in rats]. / Organizatsiia instrumental'nykh pishchedobyvatel'nykh dvizhenii u krys.

The roles of the lateral hypothalamus, basolateral nucleus of the amygdalar complex, the second field of the frontal cortex, and ventromedial thalamic nucleus in organization of the fast ballistic food-procuring movements were studied in albino rats. Sequences of uni- and bilateral destruction of the brain structures were assessed by photorecording. Movement-related neuronal activity in these structures was recorded in freely moving animals. A specific involvement of each of the above listed structures in organization of food-procuring movements was shown. The lateral hypothalamus seems to participate in initiation of the motor program and its efficient realization, the basolateral amygdala appears to produce activatory, training, and stabilizing effects. The second field of the motor cortex leads in movement acquisition (i.e., in memorizing) and decision making about triggering the program. The idea about the relay role of the thalamic motor nucleus is supplemented by understanding of its more complex integrative function.

[The role of the basolateral nuclei of the rat amygdala in organizing rapid food-acquisition movements]. / Rol' bazolateral'nykh iader myhdalepodibnoho kompleksu shchuriv v orhanizatsiï shvydkykh ïzhodobuvnykh rukhiv.

The influence of electrolytic destruction of the basolateral nucleus of amygdala (BLA) on rapid food-getting movements was studied in albino rats. After one side destruction of the BLA, contralateral to the working forelimb it was found that the number of movements and their frequency decreased with an increase of their duration. After two side destruction of the BLA the number of movements increased with a decrease of their frequency. Duration of movements was unstable. After the BLA destruction (especially two side) all parameters were unstable both each day and during each experiment. Different level and character of the compensation after one- and two side destruction of the BLA was observed. The conclusion is made about the activating, stabilizing and training influences of the BLA on the rapid food-getting movements in rats.

[Role of the ventromedial nucleus of the rats thalamus in food-procuring movements]. / Rol ventromedialnogo iadra talamusa shchuriv v organizatsii izhodobuvnykh rukhiv.

The characteristics of ballistic food-procuring movements were studied in albino rats. After electrolytic destruction of ventromedial nucleus of thalamus (VM) of contralaterally preferred extremity the number of attempts and frequency of movements were determined to increase with a decrease of their duration. The restoration of parametres of movements took place during a week. A phase structure of movements also undergoes some modifications: in the case of invariance of initial ballistic components, conditioned by strict links of programme one-side switching off of VM tells on the following components, subject to correction. Re-teaching, requiring the modification of motor programme caused considerable difficulties in rats with switched off VM. The obtained results illustrate the significance of rats' VM in the formation and realization of motor programmes.

[Role of the frontal cortex in the organization of rapid ballistic movements of rats]. / Rol' frontal'noi kory v organizatsii bystrykh ballisticheskikh dvizhenii krys.

Rapid ballistic food-getting movement characteristics were studied in albino rats. After ablation of the second area of the frontal cortex contralaterally as to the preferred extremity the number of attempts increased and their duration with reorganization of the phase structure of movements decreased. The habit of food extraction was lost after bilateral ablation of the cortex. The obtained results have illustrated significance of the frontal cortex in formation and realization of moving programmes.

[Laterality of food handling movements in rats]. / Lateralizatsiia pishchedobyvatel'nykh dvizhenii u krys.

Lateralization of motor food skills has been investigated on 77 adult white rats. The predominance for the left anterior extremity while carrying out food was found in 53.5% of rats, the right extremity--in 36.4% of rats. 10.3% of rats belonged to ambidexters. Prevalence of using left extremity was peculiar to the females as against the male ones. Three generations of left-handed rats obtained by crossing have been followed. Rats making use of the left extremity to take out food predominated in the second and third generates.

[Comparative physiologic study of the responses of cerebellar cortex neurons to stimulation of the vagus nerve]. / Sravnitel'no-fiziologicheskoe issledovanie reaktsii neironov kory mozzhechka na razdrazhenie bluzhdaiushchego nerva.

The cerebellar cortex neuronal responses (of Purkinje cells--PC, and of unidentified neurons UN) to vagus stimulation in anesthetized pigeons, rats and monkeys were actualized as spikes or as complex discharges in PC. Tonic neuronal responses were mainly excitatory. All the PC and the majority of UN were polymodal. Differences in the line: birds--mammals, started with an increase of responsiveness, particularly on account of mossy fibers input. A shortening of neuronal responses latency was observed. In monkeys only, a lengthening of inhibitory pauses and a variability of afterdischarges were found. The significance of cerebellum in interoceptive information processing seems to increase in phylogenesis.

[Interaction of automatic centers]. / O vzaimodeistvii mezhdu nekotorymi vegetativnymi tsentrami.

Evoked responses in the cerebellar cortex during stimulation of posterior hypothalamus in anesthetized cats revealed activating as well as inhibitory influences on the cerebellar cortex. The mamillary med. nucleus seems to have monosynaptic as well as polysynaptic connections. The principal connections of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei are polysynaptic. The supramamillary nucleus has both oligosynaptic (to neocerebellar cortex) and polysynaptic (to vermal cortex) connections.

[Electrical responses of the red nucleus to acoustic stimulation]. / Elektricheskie reaktsii krasnogo iadra koshki pri deístvii zvukovykh stimulov.

Letency of evoked potentials (EPs) recorded in the anesthetized cat's magnocellular part of red nucleus varied from 3.5 to 4.5 msec on binuaural and contralateral stimulations. In ipsilateral stimulation, latency of EPs varied from 6 to 10.5 msec. EPs of the parvocellular part of the red nucleus were of two types: EP of the first type had latency of 4-5 msec, of the second type -6.5-10.5 msec on binaural and contralateral stimulations. In ipsilateral stimulation EP of the first type occurred with latency of 6-9 msec, those of the second -8.5-14 msec. Both latency and amplitude of the responses depended on intensity of the auditory stimulation. Possible ways of transmission of auditory information to red nucleus are discussed.

[Responses of cat cerebellar cortex neurons to stimulation of the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra]. / Reaktsii neironov kory mozzhechka koshki pri razdrazhenii khvostatogo iadra, blednogo shara i chernoi substatsii.

Impulsive responses (IR) of the Purkinje cells (PC) and other units of the cerebellar cortex in the paramedian lobules, lobulus simplex and tuber vermis were evoked by stimulation of nucleus caudatus (NC) in cats under chloraloze-nembutal narcosis. The phasic IR as simple discharges (due to mossy fibre activation) were exhibited mainly with a latency of 5-12 and 14-20 ms; a latency of the compound responses ) due to climbing fibre PC activation) was equal to 5-6, 9-22 ms and more. There were differences in rhythmic reproduction of the responses depending on their latency. The recruitment responses were found during a 4-6/s NC stimulation. There was an inhibitory pause as an obligatory component of the tonic neuronal responses. Reactions of the same types (phasic and tonic) as in the case of the NC stimulation, but differing in unit's quantitative distribution according to the latency appeared in the globus pallidus (GP) stimulation. The minimal latency was 4 ms. Recruitment was observed as well. The substantia nigra (SN) stimulation evoked PC responses, activated by the climbing fibres with a stable latency (8.5 +/- 0.3 ms). SN, GP, n. inferior olive as well as thalamic nuclei are considered to play a definite role in realizing caudate-cerebellar connections, both oligosynaptic and polysynaptic.

[Influence of destruction of the lateral reticular nucleus and nuclei of the inferior olive in cats on electrical responses of the cerebellar cortex evoked by stimulation of the vagus nerve]. / Vliianie povrezhdeniia lateral'nogo retikuliarnogo iadra i iader nizhnei olivy koshki na élektricheskie reaktsii kory mozzhechka, vyzvannye razdrazheniem bluzhdaiushchego nerva.

The role of the lateral reticular nucleus and inferior olive in production of the cerebellar cortex evoked potentials to stimulation of n. vagus was studied on 28 cats under chloralose-nembutal narcosis. After electrolytical destruction of the lateral reticular nucleus prolongation of the latency and a decrease in the evoked potential amplitude were observed, especially ipsilaterally. After bilateral destruction the potentials could be depressed completely. A conclusion is made that the lateral reticular nucleus provides a relay to to the cerebellar cortex of interoceptive vagal impulses. Appearance of predominantly simple discharges of the Purkinje cells responses to vagal stimulation is considered as an additional evidence for such a role of the lateral reticular nucleus. After damaging the inferior olive the evoked potentials arose with unchanged latency but reduced in the amplitude. Significance of the inferior olive as an intensity regulatory for the interoceptive impulse flow to the cerebellum is discussed.