RESUMO
Porcine Pegivirus (PPgV) and Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) are two recently identified porcine viruses. In this study, the identification of two viruses by metagenomic sequencing, and a duplex semi-quantitative RT-PCR was developed to detect these pathogens simultaneously. The PPgV strain Minnesota-1/2016 had a 95.5%-96.3% nucleotide identity and clustered with the recently identified US PPgV strains, which is a distant clade from the German PPgV strains. The APPV strain Minnesota-1/2016 shared an 87.3%-92.0% nucleotide identity with the other global APPV strains identity but only shared an 82.8%-83.0% nucleotide identity with clade II consisting of strain identified in China. Detection of both PPgV and APPV was 9.0% of the diagnostic cases. Co-infection of PPgV and APPV was identified in 7.5% of the diagnostic cases. The occurrence and genetic characterization of PPgV and APPV further enhance our knowledge regarding these new pathogens in the United States.
Assuntos
Coinfecção/veterinária , Infecções por Flaviviridae/veterinária , Flaviviridae/isolamento & purificação , Metagenômica , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Flaviviridae/genética , Infecções por Flaviviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Flaviviridae/virologia , Minnesota/epidemiologia , Pestivirus/genética , Pestivirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Pestivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Infecções por Pestivirus/virologia , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Since ethical issues in the contemporary delivery of health care involve doctors, nurses, technicians, and members of other health professions, the authors consider whether members of diverse health care occupations might benefit from studying ethics in a single classroom. While interprofessional courses may be better at teaching the ethics of the relationships between and among the various health professions, single-professional courses may be better at teaching the ethics of relationships between particular kinds of professionals and patients. An ethics instructor's professional discipline affects his/her credibility with the students, and the course readings may not always be relevant to the actual work of a given discipline. With these challenges in mind, the authors suggest that the boundaries of ethics education in the health professions be reconceived to accommodate the professional mission of a specific discipline as well as the interdependence and collaboration that marks high quality health care.
