Trichodysplasia spinulosa: a comprehensive review of the disease and its treatment.

Trichodysplasia spinulosa (TS) is a rare dermatological disease caused by TS-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) in immunosuppressed patients. The seroprevalence of TSPyV in immunocompetent adults is high and the number of immunosuppressed patients developing TS remains low, suggesting that TS is underdiagnosed and/or that additional unknown factors are needed in order to develop TS. There is no well-established treatment for TS, and to date a majority of reported cases have consequently received ineffective therapies, likely due to the unavailability of reviews and recommendations of treatments for TS. The few treatments reported in case reports to be effective include topical cidofovir 3%, reduction of immunosuppression and oral valganciclovir. In this comprehensive review, we present all published cases to date, together with a summary of all treatments for TS categorized by overall clinical efficacy, thus addressing this rare disease and what appears to be its clinically efficacious treatment.

Markers of innate immune activity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of the anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 on inflammatory activity.

Major long-term complications in patients with diabetes are related to oxidative stress, caused by the hyperglycaemia characteristic for diabetes mellitus. The anti-oxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has therefore been proposed as a beneficial supplement to diabetes treatment. Apart from its anti-oxidative function, CoQ10 appears to modulate immune functions by largely unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of CoQ10 on antimicrobial peptides and natural killer (NK) cells, both innate immune components implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetes-associated long-term complications such as cardiovascular disease. We determined serum levels of antimicrobial peptides and the phenotype of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and from healthy controls. In addition, the same parameters were determined in diabetic patients after a 12-week period of CoQ10 supplementation. Two antimicrobial peptides, the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) and the human beta defensin 1 (hBD1), were reduced in serum from patients with T1DM. This defect was not reversible by CoQ10 supplementation. In contrast, CoQ10 reduced the levels of circulating hBD2 in these patients and induced changes in subset distribution and activation markers in peripheral NK cells. The results of the present study open up novel approaches in the prevention of long-term complications associated to T1DM, although further investigations are needed.

[Apophyseolysis and avulsion fractures of the anterior inferior iliac spine. A case report]. / Apophyseolysen und Abrissfrakturen der Spina iliaca anterior inferior. Ein Fallbericht.

This is a report of a rare case of an avulsion of the apophysis of anterior inferior iliac spine by a 14-year-old football player. Origin, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment are evaluated and described.

[Influence of luting cement on corrosion of crown-covered post and core systems (2nd publication)]. / Zum Einfluss des Befestigungszementes auf die Korrosion mit Kronen versorgter Stiftaufbauten. (2. Mitteilung).

This publication describes phantom experiments to determine the ohmic resistance of four luting materials (Harvard, Tenet, Durelon, Ketac CEM) and one root filling paste (Diaket) used to cement metal crowns on roots with cast post and core. A uniform cement layer of 2/10 mm was assumed. The electrolyte used to simulate the oral fluid was physiological NaCl solution. Under these selected conditions only two products showed a sufficiently high resistance to prevent corrosion currents. On the basis of these results attention should be paid under practical conditions to the proper selection of metals for post and core and crowns. If such conditions cannot be met, the cement gap must be of sufficient layer thickness and a luting material with high ohmic resistance and good resistance to humidity be selected.

[Quantification of friction-induced corrosion of non-precious metal dental alloys]. / Quantifizierung der durch Reibung induzierten Korrosion an Nichtedelmetall-Dentallegierungen.

In six commercially cast non-precious metal alloy samples friction-induced corrosion products were quantified by means of an electrochemical method. For a prosthodontic tooth restauration a model calculation arrives at uncritical ion concentrations, if measurement criteria are the daily nutritional element uptake or element concentrations considered toxic for the tissue. In case of multiple restaurations for some alloys nutritional element levels may be reached or exceeded.

[Corrosion behavior of palladium-based alloys]. / Zum Korrosionsverhalten von Palladiumbasislegierungen.

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of 45 palladium-based alloys both in the original state as supplied by the manufacturer and after casting was tested by potentiodynamic polarisation under quasi-stationary conditions. Based on the results of these tests the palladium-based alloys studied were classified as three different types. Showing a flat curve without pronounced corrosion peaks, type 1 corresponded to a high gold alloy. Type 3, with several pronounced corrosion peaks, resembled the well-known silver-based alloys. Type 2 showed a marked peak thus ranging halfway between type 1 and type 3. Product-related fluctuations in peak height were more frequently found in type 2 and 3 than in type 1. Casting brought about greater changes in the corrosion behaviour as against the original untreated state in types 2 and 3 than in type 1. With few exceptions the alloy composition could be attributed to the individual types. Apart from most of the type 3 palladium-based alloys almost all alloys contained gallium which is not permissible in non-precious dental alloys.

[Dentacolor veneer for crowns and bridges with the Silicoater process--a clinical trial]. / Dentacolor--Verblendungen mit Hilfe des Silicoater--Verfahrens bei festsitzendem Zahnersatz--eine klinische Studie.

Out of 157 patients treated by prosthodontic students with fixed crowns and bridges veneered with Dentacolor according to the Silicoater process 66 presented for the follow-up examination. A total of 284 veneer units were assessed consisting of 104 crowns and 51 pontics and cantilevers in the maxilla and 80 crowns and 49 pontics and cantilevers in the mandible. They had been in the mouth for an average of 17 months. The parameters evaluated were: colour fastness, abrasion, marginal gap formation, swelling, surface quality, and plaque formation for oral hygiene. Almost all veneers were rated "good" to "satisfactory"; therefore light-cured plastic veneers of crowns and bridges with the Silicoater process maybe recommended as a low-price alternative envolving little laboratory work versus the traditional pressure casting or shell methods.