Epidemiological data on HIV-infected patients and the importance of education regarding the infection rate. An analytical cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) are an important public health problem in all countries. Knowledge of their relationship with the various socioeconomic levels is necessary for an understanding of their epidemiology and behavior in society. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to correlate education with history of sexually transmitted diseases, especially for syphilis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2010 and July 2018 were assessed. These patients were attended at the specialized assistance service for HIV/AIDS) of the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD/AIDS) of the city of Juiz de Fora. In total, 335 patients were selected. RESULTS: In our sample, 73.13% were male; 57.36% were aged between 25 and 45 years and 24.23% were over 45 years of age. Regarding sexual orientation, 61.78% were homosexual. Regarding education, 52.88% had "unskilled education", while 47.12% had "qualified education". Analysis on the relationship between schooling and syphilis, a positive relationship between qualified schooling and syphilis was observed: odds ratio = 3.588; 95% confidence interval: 1.090-11.808. CONCLUSION: Homosexual male patients are most affected by HIV. Furthermore, this disease is not limited only to individuals with low education. Syphilis should be suspected in all individuals.

Epidemiological data on HIV-infected patients and the importance of education regarding the infection rate. An analytical cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) are an important public health problem in all countries. Knowledge of their relationship with the various socioeconomic levels is necessary for an understanding of their epidemiology and behavior in society. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and to correlate education with history of sexually transmitted diseases, especially for syphilis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2010 and July 2018 were assessed. These patients were attended at the specialized assistance service for HIV/AIDS) of the Department of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD/AIDS) of the city of Juiz de Fora. In total, 335 patients were selected. RESULTS: In our sample, 73.13% were male; 57.36% were aged between 25 and 45 years and 24.23% were over 45 years of age. Regarding sexual orientation, 61.78% were homosexual. Regarding education, 52.88% had "unskilled education", while 47.12% had "qualified education". Analysis on the relationship between schooling and syphilis, a positive relationship between qualified schooling and syphilis was observed: odds ratio = 3.588; 95% confidence interval: 1.090-11.808. CONCLUSION: Homosexual male patients are most affected by HIV. Furthermore, this disease is not limited only to individuals with low education. Syphilis should be suspected in all individuals.

Physicians' quality of life, illness and presenteeism: a cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Introduction: The World Health Organization defines quality of life as " an individuals' perception of their position in life, in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns." physicians, when dealing with illness and exposing themselves to the risks of their profession, must act without compromising their own health status in view of the function performed. Objectives: To evaluate and correlate physicians' quality of life, professional illness, and presenteeism. Methods: This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive study with an exploratory quantitative approach. Overall, 309 physicians working in Juiz de Fora, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil were interviewed and answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic and health information and the World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results: Of physicians in the sample, 57.6% fell ill during their professional activities, 35% took sickness absence, and 82.8% practiced presenteeism. The most prevalent diseases were those involving the respiratory system (29.5%), infectious or parasitic diseases (14.38%), and those involving the circulatory system (9.59%). WHOQOL-BREF scores were boas, and were influenced by sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, and time of professional experience. Male sex, professional experience greater than 10 years, and age above 39 years were associated with beter quality of life. Previous illness and presenteeism were negative factors. Conclusions: The participating physicians had a good quality of life in all domains. Sex, age, and time of professional experience were relevant factors. The highest score was observed in the physical health domain, followed by psychological domain, social relationships, and environment, in a descending order.

Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde define qualidade de vida como "a percepção do indivíduo de sua inserção na vida, no contexto da cultura e nos sistemas de valores nos quais ele vive e em relação a seus objetivos, expectativas, padrões e preocupações". Os médicos, ao lidarem com pacientes e se exporem aos riscos da profissão, devem atuar sem comprometer seu estado de saúde frente à função desempenhada. Objetivos: Avaliar e correlacionar a qualidade de vida, o adoecimento profissional e o presenteísmo do médico. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal, descritivo e exploratório, com características quantitativas. Foram entrevistados 309 médicos atuantes em Juiz de Fora, no estado de Minas Gerais, submetidos a questionário com informações sociodemográficas e de condições de saúde e ao World Health Organization Quality of Life instrument-Abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Resultados: Na amostra, 57,6% adoeceram durante a atuação profissional, 35% se afastaram do trabalho e 82,8% praticaram presenteísmo. As doenças mais prevalentes foram do sistema respiratório (29,5%), infectoparasitárias (14,38%) e do sistema circulatório (9,59%). As pontuações no WHOQOL-BREF foram boas, afetadas por características sociodemográficas como sexo, idade e tempo de atuação profissional. Sexo masculino, atuação superior a 10 anos e idade maior que 39 anos foram associados a melhor qualidade de vida. Adoecimento prévio e presenteísmo foram fatores negativos. Conclusões: Os médicos participantes do estudo apresentaram boa qualidade de vida em todos os domínios. Sexo, idade e tempo de atuação profissional mostraram-se fatores relevantes. A melhor nota foi observada no domínio físico, com pontuações decrescentes nos domínios psicológico, social e ambiental.

Reforma curricular e intenção profissional de especialização médica / Curricular reform and the professional intention of medical specialization / Reforma curricular e intención de especialización médica

Resumo A reforma determinada pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de graduação em medicina estabeleceu como eixo do modelo didático-assistencial a atenção primária à saúde. Contudo, a escolha pela especialização pode ser influenciada por fatores individuais, culturais e socioeconômicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os aspectos que motivam estudantes na escolha da carreira e o impacto da reforma curricular nesta decisão. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, descritiva e quantitativa, com aplicação de questionários pela internet a 1.006 alunos de medicina das cinco regiões do Brasil. Concluiu-se que houve pouco interesse por medicina de família e comunidade (1,5%; n=15), ginecologia e obstetrícia (3,1%; n=31) e pediatria (4,7%; n=47). A afinidade pela área foi o principal fator nessa escolha, sendo considerada "muito importante" por 91,1% (n=916) dos discentes, seguida pelo estilo de vida pretendido (56,8% n=571).

Abstract The reform determined by the National Curricular Guidelines of the Medical Graduation Course established primary health care as the axis of the teaching-care model. However, the option of specialization may be influenced by individual, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that motivate students in their career choice, and the impact of the curricular reform on this decision. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative research. It consisted of questionnaires applied through the internet to 1,006 medical students from the five regions of Brazil. It was concluded that there was little interest in family and community medicine (1.5%; n=15), gynecology and obstetrics (3.1%; n=31) and pediatrics (4.7%; n=47). Affinity for the field was the main factor in this choice, being considered "very important" by 91.1% (n=916) of the students, followed by the intended lifestyle (56.8% n=571).

Resumen La reforma determinada por las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales de la carrera de grado en Medicina, estableció como eje del modelo didáctico-asistencial la Atención Primaria de la Salud. No obstante, la elección de la especialización puede verse influenciada por factores individuales, culturales y socioeconómicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los aspectos que motivan a los estudiantes en la elección de la carrera y el impacto de la reforma curricular en esta decisión. Se trata de una investigación transversal, descriptiva y cuantitativa, con la aplicación de cuestionarios, a través de internet, a 1.006 estudiantes de medicina de todas las regiones de Brasil. Se concluyó que hubo poco interés por la medicina de la familia y la comunidad (1,5%; n=15), ginecología y obstetricia (3,1%; n=31) y pediatría (4,7%; n=47). La afinidad por el área fue el principal factor en esa elección, siendo considerada "muy importante" por el 91,1% (n=916) de los estudiantes, seguida por el estilo de vida deseado (56,8% n=571).

O papel do dolutegravir na terapia antiretroviral / The role of dolutegravir in antiretroviral therapy

os inibidores da integrase são a mais nova classe de antirretroviral aprovada, que agem impedindo a incorporação do DNA do HIV no genoma do linfócito T CD4+ (LTCD4+) do hospedeiro, limitando a propagação do vírus. o Dolutegravir e o inibidor da integrase mais moderno e como os demais inibidores apresenta de alta performance, boa tolerância; alta barreira genética para mutações de resistência, além de apresentar eficácia em pacientes já submetidos a tratamento antirretroviral anterior. Neste contexto o presente estudo trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica realizada de janeiro a junho de 2018, de artigos científicos de artigos científicos que abordam aspectos exclusivos do dolutegravir na terapia antirretroviral em comparação com outros esquemas terapêuticos. Concluindo que o tratamento com dolutegravir apresenta como principais vantagens à rápida supressão virológica; boa tolerância e alta barreira genética para mutações de resistência.

Integrase inhibitors are the newest class of approved antiretroviral drugs that act by preventing the incorporation of HIV DNA into the CD4 + T lymphocyte (LTCD4 +) genome of the host, limiting the spread of the virus. Dolutegravir and the most modern integrase inhibitor and like the other inhibitors presents high performance, good tolerance; high genetic barrier for resistance mutations, in addition to being effective in patients already submitted to previous antiretroviral treatment. In this context, the present study is a bibliographical review study conducted from January to June, 2018, of scientific papers on scientific articles dealing with exclusive aspects of dolutegravir in antiretroviral therapy compared to other therapeutic regimens. Concluding that dolutegravir treatment has the main advantages of rapid virological suppression; good tolerance and high genetic barrier for resistance mutations